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BACKGROUND: Labor market inactivity is common among young adults with a history of childhood abuse, which might be attributable to elevated psychopathology in adolescence. OBJECTIVE: We examined and decomposed the effect of adolescent psychopathology in the association between frequent or severe childhood abuse and labor market inactivity in young adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: This study used data from the population and high-risk samples of the Dutch prospective TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (N = 2172). METHODS: Childhood abuse included measures of emotional, physical and sexual abuse. We operationalized adolescent psychopathology using the broadband emotional and behavioral problem scales. Labor market inactivity in young adulthood was defined as being neither in education, employment nor training or receiving benefits. We applied causal mediation analysis combined with a four-way decomposition approach to estimate our effects of interest. RESULTS: Individuals who reported frequent or severe childhood abuse were 1.51 (95 % CI: 1.13 to 2.22) times more likely to report labor market inactivity, constituting an excess relative risk (ERR) of 0.51. Most of this excess relative risk is due to mediation by psychopathology at 64.7 % (ERR: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.16 to 0.50). We found no evidence for a mediated interactive effect (ERR: -0.04, 95 % CI: -0.24 to 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent psychopathology largely explains the association between frequent and severe childhood abuse and labor market inactivity in young adulthood. Intervening in the occurrence of adolescent psychopathology following frequent and severe childhood abuse may reduce the risk of subsequent labor market inactivity.
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Maltrato a los Niños , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Análisis de Mediación , Estudios Prospectivos , Niño , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicopatología , Adulto , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicologíaRESUMEN
Background: This study aims to determine how the unemployment anxiety of university students affects their depression level. It also examines the mediating role of the feeling of personal unaccomplishment between these effects. Methods: The data was analyzed using the PROCESS method. The research was conducted on 843 students attending different public or foundation (private) universities in Türkiye. Random sampling was used to select the participants. Results: As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a positive, significant, moderate (R = 0.509, p < 0.01) relationship between unemployment anxiety and depression and a positive, significant and weak relationship between unemployment anxiety and feeling of personal unaccomplishment (R = 0.102, p < 0.01), there is a positive, significant, and weak (R = 0.184, p < 0.01) relationship between feeling of personal unaccomplishment and depression. Unemployment anxiety of university students had significant and positive effects on their depression level and significant and positive effects on feelings of personal unaccomplishment of students. Conclusion: As a result of the mediating variable analysis, it was determined that the feeling of personal unaccomplishment has a partial mediator role in the relationship between unemployment anxiety and depression.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Estudiantes , Desempleo , Humanos , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Universidades , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , EmocionesAsunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Desempleo , Humanos , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Filipinas/epidemiología , Personas con Mala Vivienda/psicología , Desempleo/psicología , Masculino , Apoyo Social , Femenino , AdultoRESUMEN
This paper examines the relationship between different dimensions of economic uncertainty and suicide rates in England from 1985 to 2020, both in the short and long term. The study employs a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag framework for cointegration estimation. This approach allows testing for the existence of possible asymmetries in the response of suicide mortality to increases in economic uncertainty. Uncertainty is gauged by different proxies that allow computing financial uncertainty and labour market uncertainty indicators. The analysis is replicated by gender and across regions, controlling for unemployment and economic growth. Overall, the analysis suggests that uncertainty intensified during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is in line with the stylized facts of economic uncertainty and its pronounced role in recessions. When replicating the experiment by gender, we find that women seem to be more sensitive to changes in uncertainty. Regarding the existence of asymmetries, we found that decreases in economic uncertainty have a greater impact on suicide mortality than increases.
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COVID-19 , Suicidio , Humanos , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Incertidumbre , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/economía , Masculino , Recesión Económica , Desempleo/psicología , Factores Sexuales , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Adult child socioeconomic status (SES) has been identified as a predictor of older parents' cognitive aging. However, studies have primarily relied on educational attainment as the sole measure of adult child SES. We evaluated the relationship between adult children's financial disadvantage and cognitive outcomes of older parents in the United States. METHODS: We used data from U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000-2014, n = 15,053 respondents ≥51 years with at least 1 adult child). Adult child financial disadvantage was measured with 3 indicators of extremely low income, unemployment, and lack of homeownership. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between adult child financial disadvantage and the rate of decline in verbal memory scores, controlling for respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Having at least 1 adult child (vs no adult children) with extremely low income was found to be associated with lower verbal memory (b = -0.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.043, -0.039) at baseline. There was a small but significant association with the rate of decline in verbal memory z-scores (b = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.008) and some evidence of heterogeneity by parent gender, marital status, and SES. DISCUSSION: Offspring financial disadvantage may be influential for older parents' initial level of memory function, although evidence of associations with memory decline was weak. Public policy interventions aimed at improving the economic conditions of adult children may indirectly benefit the cognitive performance of disadvantaged parents in their later life.
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Hijos Adultos , Padres , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estados Unidos , Anciano , Hijos Adultos/psicología , Hijos Adultos/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Padres/psicología , Clase Social , Envejecimiento Cognitivo/psicología , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Pobreza/psicología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/psicologíaRESUMEN
Importance: Given the expiration of expanded unemployment and other benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the association between pandemic income or job loss and long-term implications on mental health. Objective: To evaluate the association between income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic and later psychological distress. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used 5 waves of nationally representative, longitudinal survey data (September 16, 2019, through September 18, 2022) from the Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel. Doubly robust propensity score-weighted quasi-Poisson models were used to estimate the association of self or household income or job loss during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic with later psychological distress, while controlling for pre-income loss characteristics (demographics, finances, and psychological distress). The study sample comprised US working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) who had not experienced income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic by March 24, 2020. Exposure: Participant-reported self or household income or job loss (ie, reduced hours or demand for work) due to the COVID19 pandemic between March 24, 2020, and August 16, 2020. Main Outcome and Measures: Psychological distress was measured using a composite scale of 0 to 15 based on participants' reported frequency of feeling depressed, on edge, sleepless, lonely, and hopeless in the past week in March 2020, February 2021, and September 2022. Results: Of 1392 working-age adults (survey weighted 52.7% male and 47.7% aged 30-49 years) who had not reported income or job loss before March 24, 2020, a survey weighted 35.7% reported job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020. Early-phase pandemic income or job loss was associated with higher distress in February 2021 (estimated ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P = .03) and September 2022 (estimated ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .02) among participants who experienced job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020, compared with the propensity score-weighted mean in the group who did not experience income loss. Conclusions and Relevance: These small but significant within-person associations between early-phase pandemic household income or job loss and psychological distress up to 29 months later suggest that policies are needed to support people with income or job loss to help mitigate the long-term adverse mental health outcomes of economic disruption.
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COVID-19 , Renta , Pandemias , Distrés Psicológico , SARS-CoV-2 , Desempleo , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Estudios de Cohortes , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicologíaRESUMEN
Objective: While there is a growing body of evidence indicating a relationship between COPD and cognitive impairment, there is a gap in evidence regarding discussions of cognitive symptoms in healthcare settings. This study investigated the extent to which individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) self-reported confusion or memory loss with healthcare professionals. Methods: A secondary analysis of 2019 BRFSS data of US adults aged 45+ with COPD (N = 107,204), using logistic regression to explore associations between socio-demographic and health-related indicators with discussion of cognitive symptoms with healthcare professionals. Results: Less than half (45.88%) of individuals reporting SCD discussed their cognitive symptoms with their healthcare provider. In the adjusted model, unemployed (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.70-5.02, p < .005), retired (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.37-7.30, p < .01), and current smokers (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02-2.93, p < .05) were more likely to discuss cognitive decline with a healthcare professional than their counterparts. In contrast, males (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.86, p < .05) and binge drinkers (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30-0.79, p < .01) were significantly less likely to do so when compared to their counterparts. Discussion: The study highlighted significant disparities in the likelihood of individuals with COPD discussing cognitive symptoms based on socio-demographic and health risk behaviors. Conclusion: Addressing gender disparities, occupational status, and personal health risks is crucial for improving patient-provider communication about SCD among adults with COPD.
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Disfunción Cognitiva , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/psicología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicaciones , Femenino , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Comunicación , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/psicología , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Jubilación/psicología , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Fumadores/psicología , Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.
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COVID-19 , Depresión , Empleo , Inseguridad Alimentaria , Salud Mental , Pandemias , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Empleo/psicología , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Factores Socioeconómicos , SARS-CoV-2 , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Recent studies on classic psychedelics have suggested that their use is associated with psychological strengths and resilience, thereby conferring users a type of psychological protection relative to non-users. However, this idea has been brought into question by recent findings suggesting that lifetime users of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) report worse mental health during stressful experiences. The current study addresses these mixed findings by examining whether LSD use prior to a stressful experience buffers against the psychological distress experienced in the wake of the stressful experience. This study draws on openly-available data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008-2019) on 5,067,553 (weighted) unemployed, job seeking individuals experiencing job loss. Using purposeful respondent exclusion criteria to establish temporal precedence of the variables under investigation, this study offers a straightforward test of whether LSD use confers psychological resilience to naturalistic users. LSD use prior to job loss was associated with a higher likelihood of severe psychological distress following job loss, regardless of whether sociodemographic variables were controlled for or not. In sum, this study fails to find evidence for LSD-conferred psychological resilience in naturalistic users in the wake of a stressful experience.
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Dietilamida del Ácido Lisérgico , Resiliencia Psicológica , Desempleo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Desempleo/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alucinógenos , Adulto Joven , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Adolescente , Distrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
As disasters increase due to climate change, population density, epidemics, and technology, information is needed about postdisaster consequences for people's mental health and how stress-related mental disorders affect multiple spheres of life, including labor-market attachment. We tested the causal hypothesis that individuals who developed stress-related mental disorders as a consequence of their disaster exposure experienced subsequent weak labor-market attachment and poor work-related outcomes. We leveraged a natural experiment in an instrumental variables model, studying a 2004 fireworks factory explosion disaster that precipitated the onset of stress-related disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression) among individuals in the local community (N = 86,726). We measured labor-market outcomes using longitudinal population-level administrative data: sick leave, unemployment benefits, early retirement pension, and income from wages from 2007 to 2010. We found that individuals who developed a stress-related disorder after the disaster were likely to go on sickness benefit, both in the short- and long-term, were likely to use unemployment benefits and to lose wage income in the long term. Stress-related disorders did not increase the likelihood of early retirement. The natural experiment design minimized the possibility that omitted confounders biased these effects of mental health on work outcomes. Addressing the mental health and employment needs of survivors after a traumatic experience may improve their labor-market outcomes and their nations' economic outputs.
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Desastres , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Masculino , Adulto , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Explosiones , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/etiología , Ausencia por Enfermedad/estadística & datos numéricos , RentaRESUMEN
Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) are at risk for employment problems. This multi-site trial examined the efficacy of Work-Related Cognitive Behavioral Therapy provided alongside vocational services as usual (WCBT+VSAU), a group-based treatment designed to improve mental health and employment outcomes for individuals with SAD. Vocational service-seeking participants with SAD (N = 250) were randomized to either WCBT+VSAU or VSAU-alone. Hypotheses were that participants randomized to WCBT+VSAU would report less social anxiety, less depression, and more hours worked than participants randomized to VSAU-alone. WCBT+VSAU participants had significantly greater improvements on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; d=-.25, CI=-0.49 to -0.02, p = .03) at post-assessment compared to VSAU-alone. The conditions did not differ on any variable at later time points or on secondary outcomes. Unexpectedly, participants randomized to VSAU-alone experienced LSAS improvements, similar to WCBT+VASU at later timepoints. Baseline psychological flexibility (beta=-.098 [-0.19-0.008]) and depression (beta=-0.18 [-0.34-0.009]) moderated change in social anxiety. Participants with lower psychological flexibility and higher depression responded more strongly to WCBT+VSAU than VSAU-alone over the duration of the study, suggesting that WCBT+VSAU may particularly benefit those with greater psychopathology. Results indicate that vocational centers are promising settings for treating SAD and employment-focused refinements are likely needed to improve work outcomes.
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Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Fobia Social , Desempleo , Humanos , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Fobia Social/terapia , Fobia Social/psicología , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Depresión/terapia , Rehabilitación Vocacional/métodosRESUMEN
Purpose: This study explores the intricate relationship between unemployment rates and emotional responses among Chinese university graduates, analyzing how these factors correlate with specific linguistic features on the popular social media platform Sina Weibo. The goal is to uncover patterns that elucidate the psychological and emotional dimensions of unemployment challenges among this demographic. Methods: The analysis utilized a dataset of 30,540 Sina Weibo posts containing specific keywords related to unemployment and anxiety, collected from January 2019 to June 2023. The posts were pre-processed to eliminate noise and refine the data quality. Linear regression and textual analyses were employed to identify correlations between unemployment rates for individuals aged 16-24 and the linguistic characteristics of the posts. Results: The study found significant fluctuations in urban youth unemployment rates, peaking at 21.3% in June 2023. A corresponding increase in anxiety-related expressions was noted in the social media posts, with peak expressions aligning with high unemployment rates. Linguistic analysis revealed that the category of "Affect" showed a strong positive correlation with unemployment rates, indicating increased emotional expression alongside rising unemployment. Other categories such as "Negative emotion" and "Sadness" also showed significant correlations, highlighting a robust relationship between economic challenges and emotional distress. Conclusion: The findings underscore the profound impact of unemployment on the emotional well-being of university students, suggesting that economic hardships are closely linked to psychological stress and heightened negative emotions. This study contributes to a holistic understanding of the socio-economic challenges faced by young adults, advocating for comprehensive support systems that address both the economic and psychological facets of unemployment.
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Emociones , Salud Mental , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Estudiantes , Desempleo , Humanos , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , China , Universidades , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , LingüísticaRESUMEN
Background: Both overindebtedness and unemployment are critical life events that can result in or lead to poor mental health. What is less known is that the two partly interrelated events frequently go along with a feeling of loss or lack of control in life, which could be the main reason why they are associated with poor mental health. This has not been examined in previous research, particularly not in this combination. Methods: This study used and merged two cross-sectional data sets. Data collected in 2019 on 219 overindebted clients of the four official debt advisory centers in the Canton of Zurich were linked with a comparable subsample of 1,997 respondents from the Swiss Health Survey of 2017. The entire study population covered 2,216 adult individuals living in the Canton of Zurich. Results: The prevalence of no or low sense of control, medium to high psychological distress, and moderate to major depression was much higher among the 44 solely unemployed (36/30/12%), the 189 solely overindebted (73/83/53%), and particularly among the 30 unemployed and overindebted (93/97/60%) than among all 1,953 other survey participants (21/13/7%). Unemployment, overindebtedness, and a (resulting) lack or loss of control were all found to be strong risk factors for the two mental health outcomes under study. Associations, or rather negative health effects, were partly but not fully mediated by the sense of control. Overindebtedness much more strongly predicted psychological distress (ß = -0.37) and depression (ß = 0.17) than unemployment (ß = -0.05/0.01). The sense of control turned out to be an independent explanatory factor for poor mental health and even the strongest of all (ß = 0.49/-0.59). Conclusion: Improving a person's control beliefs could be a promising measure for preventing mental health disorders in general and in people who are unemployed and/or overindebted in particular.
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Salud Mental , Desempleo , Humanos , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/psicología , Suiza/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Distrés Psicológico , Control Interno-Externo , Prevalencia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Mental health issues are intricately linked to socioeconomic background, employment and migration status. However, there remains a gap in understanding the mental health challenges faced by graduate youth in India, particularly in Kolkata City. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher-educated migrant youth. A survey was conducted on four hundred migrant graduate youths aged 21-35 residing in Kolkata. Measures included socio-demographics and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health issues. The overall prevalence rates were 54.4% for depression, 61.8% for anxiety, and 47.9% for stress. Unemployed youths exhibited significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their employed counter parts. The logistic regression model showed that unemployed youth, female sex, never married, and second- and third-time migrant youths were risk factors for high scores on the DASS-21. This study showed that mental health issues were alarming in the higher educated migrant youth. The study suggests the implementation of skill-based, job-oriented, and professional courses at the graduation level to prevent graduates from being rendered unproductive and jobless. Beside these, regular psychological support should be provided to the higher educated youth by the local governments.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Migrantes , Desempleo , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , India/epidemiología , Migrantes/psicología , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Prevalencia , Salud Mental , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , EscolaridadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Unemployment affects millions of people worldwide and, beyond its economic impact, has severe implications for people's well-being and mental health. Different programs have been developed in response to this phenomenon, but to date, job-search interventions have proved to be most effective, especially the JOBS II program. The JOBS II program proved not only to be effective for re-employment but also has a positive impact on beneficiaries' mental health (ie, reduces anxiety or depression). However, by now, this evidence-based program has been delivered only on site in the various countries where it was implemented. In the digital era, web-based alternatives to such programs are highly needed because they have the advantages of scalability and cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: In this context, we aim to investigate the efficacy of iJobs, the web-based adaptation of the JOBS II program, on job-search intensity and effort, the quality of job-search behaviors, and job-search self-efficacy. Further, 1 month after the intervention, we will also assess the employment status and the satisfaction with the job (if applicable). This study will also investigate the effect of iJobs on well-being and mental health (ie, anxiety and depression). METHODS: This study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial. The 2 independent groups (intervention vs waiting list control group) will be crossed with 3 measurement times (ie, baseline, the postintervention time point, and 1-month follow-up). The design will be a 2 (intervention vs control) × 3 (baseline, the postintervention time point, and 1-month follow-up) factorial design. iJobs is a 2-week intervention consisting of 6 modules: an introductive module and 5 modules adapted from the original JOBS II program to the web-based setting and Romanian population. The web-based intervention also has a human component, as beneficiaries receive personalized written feedback after each module on the platform from a team of psychologists involved in the project. RESULTS: The enrollment of study participants started in June 2023 and is expected to end in May 2024. The data collection is expected to be completed by July 2024. The results are expected to be submitted for publication in the summer of 2024. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first large-scale randomized controlled trial aiming to test the efficacy of a web-based adaptation of the JOBS II program. If our results support the efficacy of iJobs, they will offer the premise for it to become an evidence-based, accessible alternative for unemployed people in Romania and might be implemented in other countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05962554; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05962554. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/55374.
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Salud Mental , Desempleo , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Internet , Intervención basada en la Internet , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Desempleo/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to contribute to the theoretical development within the field of labour market effects on mental health during life by integrating Bronfenbrenner's ecological model with mainly earlier theoretical work on life-course theory. METHODS: An integrative review was performed of all 52 publications about labour market conditions in relation to mental health from the longitudinal Northern Swedish Cohort study. Inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis were performed in relation to Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework combined with life-course theories. RESULTS: The following nine themes were identified: 1. Macroeconomic recession impairs mental health among young people. 2. The mental health effects on individuals of youth unemployment seem rather insensitive to recession. 3. Small but consistent negative effect of neighbourhood unemployment and other work-related disadvantaged on individuals' mental health over life. 4. Youth unemployment becomes embodied as scars of mental ill-health over life. 5. Weak labour market attachment impairs mental health over life. 6. Bidirectional relations between health and weak labour market attachment over life. 7. Macrolevel structures are of importance for how labour market position cause poor health. 8. Unequal gender relations at work impacts negatively on mental health. 9. The agency to improve health over life in dyadic relations. Unemployment in society permeates from the macrolevel into the exolevel, defined by Bronfenbrenner as for example the labour market of parents or partners or the neighbourhood into the settings closest to the individual (the micro- and mesolevel) and affects the relations between the work, family, and leisure spheres of the individual. Neighbourhood unemployment leads to poor health among those who live there, independent of their employment status. Individuals' exposure to unemployment and temporary employment leads to poorer mental health over the life-course. Temporal dimensions were identified and combined with Bronfenbrenner levels into a contextual life-course model CONCLUSION: Combining the ecosocial theory with life-course theories provides a framework for understanding the embodiment of work-related mental health over life. The labour market conditions surrounding the individual are of crucial importance for the embodiment of mental health over life, at the same time as individual agency can be health promoting. Mental health can be improved by societal efforts in regulations of the labour market.
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Salud Mental , Desempleo , Humanos , Suecia/epidemiología , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Empleo/psicología , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Estudios de Cohortes , Modelos Teóricos , Adulto Joven , Estudios Longitudinales , Recesión Económica , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Not being in employment, education, or training (NEET) is associated with poor health (physical and mental) and social exclusion. We investigated whether England's statutory school readiness measure conducted at 4-5 years provides a risk signal for NEET in late adolescence. METHODS: We identified 8,118 individuals with school readiness measures at 4-5 years and NEET records at 16-17 years using Connected Bradford, a bank of linked routinely collected datasets. Children were categorised as 'school ready' if they reached a 'Good Level of Development' on the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile. We used probit regression and structural equation modelling to investigate the relationship between school readiness and NEET status and whether it primarily relates to academic attainment. RESULTS: School readiness was significantly associated with NEET status. A larger proportion of young people who were not school ready were later NEET (11%) compared to those who were school ready (4%). Most of this effect was attributable to shared relationships with academic attainment, but there was also a direct effect. Measures of deprivation and Special Educational Needs were also strong predictors of NEET status. CONCLUSIONS: NEET risk factors occur early in life. School readiness measures could be used as early indicators of risk, with interventions targeted to prevent the long-term physical and mental health problems associated with NEET, especially in disadvantaged areas. Primary schools are therefore well placed to be public health partners in early intervention strategies.
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Instituciones Académicas , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Preescolar , Factores de Riesgo , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Escolaridad , Éxito Académico , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/psicologíaRESUMEN
Intra-family crossover effects triggered by job losses have received growing attention across scientific disciplines, but existing research has reached discrepant conclusions concerning if, and if so how, parental job losses affect child mental health. Drawing on sociological models of stress and life course epidemiology, we ask if parental job losses have long-term effects on child mental health, and if these effects are conditional on the timing of, or the cumulative exposure to, job losses. We use intergenerationally linked Swedish register data combined with entropy balance and structural nested mean models for the analyses. The data allow us to track 400,000 children over 14 years and thereby test different life-course models of cross-over effects. We identify involuntary job losses using information on workplace closures, thus reducing the risk of confounding. Results show that paternal but not maternal job loss significantly increases the risk of psychotropic drug use among children, that the average effects are modest in size (less than 4% in relative terms), that they may persist for up to five years, and that they are driven by children aged 6-10 years. Moreover, cumulative exposure to multiple job losses are more harmful than zero or one job loss.
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Psicotrópicos , Humanos , Niño , Femenino , Suecia/epidemiología , Masculino , Psicotrópicos/efectos adversos , Desempleo/psicología , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Padres/psicología , Adolescente , Estrés Psicológico/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between sex and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on employment status. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 1 996 153 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey from 2011 to 2019. Low HRQoL was classified based on separate cutoff points (males: 0.92, females: 0.90) on the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2019, the trend of the prevalence of low HRQoL levels was consistently high in the order of unemployed males, unemployed females, employed males, and employed females. Regarding the regional distribution of unemployed males, the prevalence of low HRQoL was 29.5% to 43.5%. Unemployed males had a higher prevalence of low HRQoL (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.12-1.24) than employed males. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the prevalence of low HRQoL levels among unemployed males was consistently high at the annual trend and regional levels. Further research considering comprehensive health determinants and multidimensional public health interventions is required to prevent deterioration of HRQoL during unemployment.
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Empleo , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Desempleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Desempleo/psicología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Anciano , Estado de Salud , Adulto Joven , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Unemployment affects not only the subjective well-being of the individual, but also that of the partner. Based on the life course perspective and the spillover-crossover-model, we examine the mediating role of relationship functioning for such crossover effects of partner's unemployment on subjective well-being. We also test whether gender differences in the mechanism of relationship functioning can explain the larger overall crossover effects on women compared to men. We use data from the German Family Panel pairfam (2008/09-2018/19), which provide more direct and comprehensive measures of relationship functioning than previous research, and allow us to examine couples' communication and interactions, their conflict styles and behaviors, relationship satisfaction, and perceived relationship instability as mediators. To analyze the impact of the partner's transition to unemployment on subjective well-being, we use fixed effects panel regression models and the product method of mediation analysis to estimate the indirect effects of relationship functioning. The results show that a partner's transition to unemployment has a negative impact on one's own well-being. The effects are more pronounced for women than men which can be partly explained by gender-specific effects of the partner's unemployment on various aspects of relationship functioning, rather than by differential effects of the latter on one's own well-being.