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Decreasing body mass index (BMI) reduces head motion in resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. Yet, the mechanism by which BMI affects head motion remains poorly understood. Understanding how BMI interacts with respiration to affect head motion can improve head motion reduction strategies. A total of 254 patients with back pain were included in this study, each of whom had two visits (interval time = 13.85 ± 7.81 weeks) during which two consecutive re-fMRI scans were obtained. We investigated the relationships between head motion and demographic and pain-related characteristics-head motion was reliable across scans and correlated with age, pain intensity, and BMI. Multiple linear regression models determined that BMI was the main determinant in predicting head motion. BMI was also associated with two features derived from respiration signal. Anterior-posterior and superior-inferior motion dominated both overall motion magnitude and the coupling between motion and respiration. BMI interacted with respiration to influence motion only in the pitch dimension. These findings indicate that BMI should be a critical parameter in both study designs and analyses of fMRI data.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Respiración , Movimientos de la Cabeza/fisiología , Descanso/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiología , AncianoRESUMEN
Analyses of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle have mostly used whole-muscle samples, where results may be confounded by the presence of a mixture of type I and II muscle fibres. Using our adapted mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow, we provide insights into fibre-specific mitochondrial differences in the human skeletal muscle of men before and after training. Our findings challenge previous conclusions regarding the extent of fibre-type-specific remodelling of the mitochondrial proteome and suggest that most baseline differences in mitochondrial protein abundances between fibre types reported by us, and others, might be due to differences in total mitochondrial content or a consequence of adaptations to habitual physical activity (or inactivity). Most training-induced changes in different mitochondrial functional groups, in both fibre types, were no longer significant in our study when normalised to changes in markers of mitochondrial content.
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Ejercicio Físico , Proteínas Mitocondriales , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Adulto , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Proteómica/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Musculares/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Descanso/fisiología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Adaptación FisiológicaRESUMEN
The characterisation of resting-state networks (RSNs) using neuroimaging techniques has significantly contributed to our understanding of the organisation of brain activity. Prior work has demonstrated the electrophysiological basis of RSNs and their dynamic nature, revealing transient activations of brain networks with millisecond timescales. While previous research has confirmed the comparability of RSNs identified by electroencephalography (EEG) to those identified by magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), most studies have utilised static analysis techniques, ignoring the dynamic nature of brain activity. Often, these studies use high-density EEG systems, which limit their applicability in clinical settings. Addressing these gaps, our research studies RSNs using medium-density EEG systems (61 sensors), comparing both static and dynamic brain network features to those obtained from a high-density MEG system (306 sensors). We assess the qualitative and quantitative comparability of EEG-derived RSNs to those from MEG, including their ability to capture age-related effects, and explore the reproducibility of dynamic RSNs within and across the modalities. Our findings suggest that both MEG and EEG offer comparable static and dynamic network descriptions, albeit with MEG offering some increased sensitivity and reproducibility. Such RSNs and their comparability across the two modalities remained consistent qualitatively but not quantitatively when the data were reconstructed without subject-specific structural MRI images.
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Electroencefalografía , Magnetoencefalografía , Red Nerviosa , Humanos , Magnetoencefalografía/métodos , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Adulto , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Anciano , Conectoma/métodos , Adolescente , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Descanso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Many disease processes are influenced by circadian clocks and display ~24-hour rhythms. Whether disruptions to these rhythms increase stroke risk is unclear. We evaluated the association between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms, stroke risk, and major poststroke adverse outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined ~100 000 participants from the UK Biobank (aged 44-79 years; ~57% women) assessed with actigraphy (6-7 days) and 5-year median follow-up. We derived (1) most active 10-hour activity counts across the 24-hour cycle and the timing of its midpoint timing; (2) the least active 5-hour count and its midpoint; (3) relative amplitude; (4) interdaily stability; and (5) intradaily variability, for stability and fragmentation of the rhythm. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed for time to (1) incident stroke (n=1652) and (2) poststroke adverse outcomes (dementia, depression, disability, or death). Suppressed relative amplitude (lowest quartile [quartile 1] versus the top quartile [quartile 4]) was associated with stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.35-1.92]; P<0.001) after adjusting for demographics. Later most active 10-hour activity count midpoint timing (14:00-15:26; HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.49]; P=0.007) also had higher stroke risk than earlier (12:17-13:10) participants. A fragmented rhythm (intradaily variability) was also associated with higher stroke risk (quartile 4 versus quartile 1; HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.06-1.49]; P=0.008). Suppressed relative amplitude was associated with risk for poststroke adverse outcomes (quartile 1 versus quartile 4; HR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.46-2.48]; P<0.001). All associations were independent of age, sex, race, obesity, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases or risks, and other comorbidity burdens. CONCLUSIONS: Suppressed 24-hour rest-activity rhythm may be a risk factor for stroke and an early indicator of major poststroke adverse outcomes.
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Actigrafía , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Masculino , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Anciano , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Descanso/fisiología , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Factores de Tiempo , Reino Unido/epidemiología , IncidenciaRESUMEN
Structural connectivity (SC) between distant regions of the brain support synchronized function known as functional connectivity (FC) and give rise to the large-scale brain networks that enable cognition and behavior. Understanding how SC enables FC is important to understand how injuries to SC may alter brain function and cognition. Previous work evaluating whole-brain SC-FC relationships showed that SC explained FC well in unimodal visual and motor areas, but only weakly in association areas, suggesting a unimodal-heteromodal gradient organization of SC-FC coupling. However, this work was conducted in group-averaged SC/FC data. Thus, it could not account for inter-individual variability in the locations of cortical areas and white matter tracts. We evaluated the correspondence of SC and FC within three highly sampled healthy participants. For each participant, we collected 78 min of diffusion-weighted MRI for SC and 360 min of resting state fMRI for FC. We found that FC was best explained by SC in visual and motor systems, as well as in anterior and posterior cingulate regions. A unimodal-to-heteromodal gradient could not fully explain SC-FC coupling. We conclude that the SC-FC coupling of the anterior-posterior cingulate circuit is more similar to unimodal areas than to heteromodal areas.
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Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Vías Nerviosas , Humanos , Masculino , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Vías Nerviosas/fisiología , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Adulto Joven , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Descanso/fisiología , Sustancia Blanca/fisiología , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
This dataset consists of 64-channels resting-state EEG recordings of 608 participants aged between 20 and 70 years, 61.8% female, as well as follow-up measurements after approximately 5 years of 208 participants, starting 2021. The EEG was measured for three minutes with eyes open and eyes closed before and after a 2-hour block of cognitive experimental tasks. The data set is part of the Dortmund Vital Study, a prospective study on the determinants of healthy cognitive aging. The dataset can be used for (1) analyzing cross-sectional resting-state EEG of healthy individuals across the adult life span; (2) generating normalization data sets for comparison of resting-state EEG data of patients with clinically relevant disorders; (3) studying effects of performing cognitive tasks on resting-state EEG and age; (4) exploring intra-individual changes in resting-state EEG and effects of task performance over a time period of about 5 years. The data are provided in Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format and are available on OpenNeuro.
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Cognición , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Encéfalo/fisiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios Prospectivos , Descanso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in understanding the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) between distributed brain regions. However, it remains challenging to reliably estimate the temporal dynamics from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) due to the limitations of current methods. NEW METHODS: We propose a new model called HDP-HSMM-BPCA for sparse DFC analysis of high-dimensional rs-fMRI data, which is a temporal extension of probabilistic principal component analysis using Bayesian nonparametric hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). Specifically, we utilize a hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) prior to remove the parametric assumption of the HMM framework, overcoming the limitations of the standard HMM. An attractive superiority is its ability to automatically infer the state-specific latent space dimensionality within the Bayesian formulation. RESULTS: The experiment results of synthetic data show that our model outperforms the competitive models with relatively higher estimation accuracy. In addition, the proposed framework is applied to real rs-fMRI data to explore sparse DFC patterns. The findings indicate that there is a time-varying underlying structure and sparse DFC patterns in high-dimensional rs-fMRI data. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Compared with the existing DFC approaches based on HMM, our method overcomes the limitations of standard HMM. The observation model of HDP-HSMM-BPCA can discover the underlying temporal structure of rs-fMRI data. Furthermore, the relevant sparse DFC construction algorithm provides a scheme for estimating sparse DFC. CONCLUSION: We describe a new computational framework for sparse DFC analysis to discover the underlying temporal structure of rs-fMRI data, which will facilitate the study of brain functional connectivity.
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Teorema de Bayes , Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Humanos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiología , Descanso/fisiología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Cadenas de Markov , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/fisiología , Análisis de Componente Principal , Algoritmos , Modelos Neurológicos , Simulación por ComputadorRESUMEN
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a neurological condition characterized by a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities that falls between normal aging and dementia. Along with some biomarkers like GAP-43, Aß, tau, and P-tau, brain activity and connectivity are ascribed to MCI; however, the link between brain connectivity changes and such biomarkers in MCI is still being investigated. This study explores the relationship between biomarkers like GAP-43, Aß, tau, and P-tau, and brain connectivity. We enrolled 25 Participants with normal cognitive function and 23 patients with MCI. Levels of GAP-43, Aß1-42, t-tau, and p-tau181p in the CSF were measured, and functional connectivity measures including ROI-to-voxel (RV) correlations and the DMN RV-ratio were extracted from the resting-state fMRI data. P-values below 0.05 were considered significant. The results showed that in CN individuals, higher connectivity within the both anterior default mode network (aDMN) and posterior DMN (pDMN) was associated with higher levels of the biomarker GAP-43. In contrast, MCI individuals showed significant negative correlations between DMN connectivity and levels of tau and P-tau. Notably, no significant correlations were found between Aß levels and connectivity measures in either group. These findings suggest that elevated levels of GAP-43 indicate increased functional connectivity in aDMN and pDMN. Conversely, elevated levels of tau and p-tau can disrupt connectivity through various mechanisms. Thus, the accumulation of tau and p-tau can lead to impaired neuronal connectivity, contributing to cognitive decline.
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Péptidos beta-Amiloides , Encéfalo , Disfunción Cognitiva , Proteína GAP-43 , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Descanso , Proteínas tau , Humanos , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Anciano , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Fosforilación , Descanso/fisiología , Proteína GAP-43/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/metabolismoRESUMEN
Increasing evidence is present to enable pain measurement by using frontal channel EEG-based signals with spectral analysis and phase-amplitude coupling. To identify frontal channel EEG-based biomarkers for quantifying pain severity, we investigated band-power features to more complex features and employed various machine learning algorithms to assess the viability of these features. We utilized a public EEG dataset obtained from 36 patients with chronic pain during an eyes-open resting state and performed correlation analysis between clinically labelled pain scores and EEG features from Fp1 and Fp2 channels (EEG band-powers, phase-amplitude couplings (PAC), and its asymmetry features). We also conducted regression analysis with various machine learning models to predict patients' pain intensity. All the possible feature sets combined with five machine learning models (Linear Regression, random forest and support vector regression with linear, non-linear and polynomial kernels) were intensively checked, and regression performances were measured by adjusted R-squared value. We found significant correlations between beta power asymmetry (r = -0.375), gamma power asymmetry (r = -0.433) and low beta to low gamma coupling (r = -0.397) with pain scores while band power features did not show meaningful results. In the regression analysis, Support Vector Regression with a polynomial kernel showed the best performance (R squared value = 0.655), enabling the regression of pain intensity within a clinically usable error range. We identified the four most selected features (gamma power asymmetry, PAC asymmetry of theta to low gamma, low beta to low/high gamma). This study addressed the importance of complex features such as asymmetry and phase-amplitude coupling in pain research and demonstrated the feasibility of objectively observing pain intensity using the frontal channel-based EEG, that are clinically crucial for early intervention.
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Biomarcadores , Dolor Crónico , Electroencefalografía , Neuralgia , Humanos , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor Crónico/fisiopatología , Dolor Crónico/diagnóstico , Neuralgia/fisiopatología , Neuralgia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Aprendizaje Automático , Anciano , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Descanso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Energy drinks are nonalcoholic beverages whose main ingredients are sugar, taurine, and caffeine. The consumption of energy drinks is increasing worldwide, but only a few conflicting studies have investigated the vascular effects of energy drinks in young adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate microvascular reactivity before and after energy drinks consumption in young healthy male volunteers. This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Microvascular reactivity signals were evaluated in the skin of the forearm using laser speckle contrast imaging with acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis before and 90 and 180 min after the randomized consumption of one ED or the same volume of water (control), followed by a postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test. Thirty-two volunteers were evaluated (age: 25.4±4.3 years). Energy drink consumption prevented the rest-induced reduction in cutaneous vascular conductance over time that was observed in the control group. In the control group, there were significant reductions in microvascular vasodilation at 90 and 180 min compared to baseline (P=0.004), but this was not the case in the energy drink group (P=0.76). Our results demonstrated that the reduction in microvascular conductance associated with prolonged immobility can be prevented by the consumption of one energy drink, highlighting the vasodilator effects of this beverage in young individuals at rest. The between-study variability in terms of the brand of energy drinks and the ingested volume, as well as the method of vascular evaluation and the inclusion criteria, may explain the discrepancies among previous studies on the vascular effects of energy drinks.
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Bebidas Energéticas , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatación/fisiología , Descanso/fisiología , Antebrazo/irrigación sanguínea , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Microcirculación/fisiología , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Hiperemia , Microvasos/efectos de los fármacos , Acetilcolina/administración & dosificación , Acetilcolina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is no diagnostic assessment procedure with moderate or strong evidence of use, and evidence for current means of treating prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) is sparse. This may be related to the fact that the mechanisms of pDOC have not been studied deeply enough and are not clear enough. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of pDOC using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to provide a basis for the treatment of pDOC, as well as to explore preclinical markers for determining the arousal of pDOC patients. METHODS: Five minutes resting-state data were collected from 10 pDOC patients and 13healthy adults using fNIRS. Based on the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in the time series, the resting-state cortical brain functional connectivity strengths of the two groups were calculated, and the functional connectivity strengths of homologous and heterologous brain networks were compared at the sensorimotor network (SEN), dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and visual network (VIS) levels. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed on brain networks with statistically significant differences to identify brain networks associated with arousal in pDOC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further analyzed to determine the cut-off value of the relevant brain networks to provide clinical biomarkers for the prediction of arousal in pDOC patients. RESULTS: The results showed that the functional connectivity strengths of oxyhemoglobin (HbO)-based SENâ¼SEN, VISâ¼VIS, DANâ¼DAN, DMNâ¼DMN, SENâ¼VIS, SENâ¼FPN, SENâ¼DAN, SENâ¼DMN, VISâ¼FPN, VISâ¼DAN, VISâ¼DMN, HbR-based SENâ¼SEN, and SENâ¼DAN were significantly reduced in the pDOC group and were factors that could reflect the participants' state of consciousness. The cut-off value of resting-state functional connectivity strength calculated by ROC curve analysis can be used as a potential preclinical marker for predicting the arousal state of subjects. CONCLUSION: Resting-state functional connectivity strength of cortical networks is significantly reduced in pDOC patients. The cut-off values of resting-state functional connectivity strength are potential preclinical markers for predicting arousal in pDOC patients.
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Nivel de Alerta , Trastornos de la Conciencia , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Humanos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Femenino , Adulto , Trastornos de la Conciencia/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Conciencia/diagnóstico por imagen , Nivel de Alerta/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Oxihemoglobinas/metabolismo , Oxihemoglobinas/análisis , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Biomarcadores , Conectoma/métodos , Descanso/fisiología , Adulto Joven , HemoglobinasRESUMEN
AIMS: Previous neuroimaging research in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has found altered functional connectivity in the brain's salience, default mode, and central executive (CEN) networks (i.e. the triple network model), though their specific associations with AUD severity and heavy drinking remains unclear. This study utilized resting-state fMRI to examine functional connectivity in these networks and measures of alcohol misuse. METHODS: Seventy-six adult heavy drinkers completed a 7-min resting-state functional MRI scan during visual fixation. Linear regression models tested if connectivity in the three target networks was associated with past 12-month AUD symptoms and number of heavy drinking days in the past 30 days. Exploratory analyses examined correlations between connectivity clusters and impulsivity and psychopathology measures. RESULTS: Functional connectivity within the CEN network (right and left lateral prefrontal cortex [LPFC] seeds co-activating with 13 and 15 clusters, respectively) was significantly associated with AUD symptoms (right LPFC: ß = .337, p-FDR = .016; left LPFC: ß = .291, p-FDR = .028) but not heavy drinking (p-FDR > .749). Post-hoc tests revealed six clusters co-activating with the CEN network were associated with AUD symptoms-right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left and right cerebellum. Neither the default mode nor the salience network was significantly associated with alcohol variables. Connectivity in the left LPFC was correlated with monetary delay discounting (r = .25, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support previous associations between connectivity within the CEN network and AUD severity, providing additional specificity to the relevance of the triple network model to AUD.
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Alcoholismo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Alcoholismo/fisiopatología , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico por imagen , Alcoholismo/psicología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Descanso/fisiología , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/fisiopatología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Conducta Impulsiva/fisiología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/diagnóstico por imagen , Red en Modo Predeterminado/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Hand visibility affects motor control, perception, and attention, as visual information is integrated into an internal model of somatomotor control. Spontaneous brain activity, i.e., at rest, in the absence of an active task, is correlated among somatomotor regions that are jointly activated during motor tasks. Recent studies suggest that spontaneous activity patterns not only replay task activation patterns but also maintain a model of the body's and environment's statistical regularities (priors), which may be used to predict upcoming behavior. Here, we test whether spontaneous activity in the human somatomotor cortex as measured using fMRI is modulated by visual stimuli that display hands vs. non-hand stimuli and by the use/action they represent. A multivariate pattern analysis was performed to examine the similarity between spontaneous activity patterns and task-evoked patterns to the presentation of natural hands, robot hands, gloves, or control stimuli (food). In the left somatomotor cortex, we observed a stronger (multivoxel) spatial correlation between resting state activity and natural hand picture patterns compared to other stimuli. No task-rest similarity was found in the visual cortex. Spontaneous activity patterns in somatomotor brain regions code for the visual representation of human hands and their use.
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Mapeo Encefálico , Mano , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Percepción Visual , Humanos , Mano/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Corteza Motora/diagnóstico por imagen , Descanso/fisiología , Estimulación Luminosa , Corteza Visual/fisiología , Corteza Visual/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Recent studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging have shown that loneliness is associated with altered blood oxygenation in several brain regions. However, the relationship between loneliness and changes in neuronal rhythm activity in the brain remains unclear. To evaluate brain rhythm, we conducted an exploratory resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) study of loneliness. We recorded resting-state EEG signals from 139 participants (94 women; mean age = 19.96 years) and analyzed power spectrum density (PSD) and functional connectivity (FC) in both the electrode and source spaces. The PSD analysis revealed significant correlations between loneliness scores and decreased beta-band powers, which may indicate negative emotion, attention, reward, and/or sensorimotor processing. The FC analysis revealed a trend of alpha-band FC associated with individuals' loneliness scores. These findings provide new insights into the neural basis of loneliness, which will facilitate the development of neurobiologically informed interventions for loneliness.
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Encéfalo , Electroencefalografía , Soledad , Descanso , Humanos , Femenino , Soledad/psicología , Masculino , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto Joven , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Descanso/fisiología , Adulto , Adolescente , Ondas Encefálicas/fisiología , Mapeo EncefálicoRESUMEN
Parenting styles encompass negative and positive approaches, potentially affecting adolescents' brain reward and emotion regulation systems. However, the association between parenting style and brain networks remains unknown. This study investigates the link between parenting style and functional connectivity (FC) within the reward and emotion regulation brain networks, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). A total of forty-two middle-aged adolescents (26 males; 16 females) with no neurological or psychiatric symptoms participated in this study. We assessed parenting behaviors and extracted reward/emotion regulation FC from rs-fMRI. We examined the association between FC and parenting style, identified through principal component analysis. Correlation analysis investigated these links while controlling for sex. We delineated both positive (love-autonomy) and negative (hostility-control) parenting styles, accounting for 79 % of the explained variance in parenting behaviors. The negative parenting style displayed connections with FC within the reward system, particularly in the left nucleus accumbens (NAc), showcasing links to multiple frontal regions. Furthermore, it correlated with the social reward network, specifically the insula-NAc FC in bilateral hemispheres. Conversely, the positive parenting style exhibited an association with FC between the hippocampus and right lateral prefrontal cortex. Our findings support negative parenting's association with an immature reward system and suggest positive parenting's potential to enhance emotion regulation in brain function. These observations highlight two distinct parenting styles, including single-parenting behaviors. Thus, we advance understanding of each style's unique contributions to adolescent reward- and emotion regulation-related brain network development.
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Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Responsabilidad Parental , Recompensa , Humanos , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiología , Regulación Emocional/fisiología , Mapeo Encefálico , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Núcleo Accumbens/diagnóstico por imagen , Núcleo Accumbens/fisiología , Descanso , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
For decades, fMRI data have been used to search for biomarkers for patients with schizophrenia. Still, firm conclusions are yet to be made, which is often attributed to the high internal heterogeneity of the disorder. A promising way to disentangle the heterogeneity is to search for subgroups of patients with more homogeneous biological profiles. We applied an unsupervised multiple co-clustering (MCC) method to identify subtypes using functional connectivity data from a multisite resting-state data set. We merged data from two publicly available databases and split the data into a discovery data set (143 patients and 143 healthy controls (HC)) and an external test data set (63 patients and 63 HC) from independent sites. On the discovery data, we investigated the stability of the clustering toward data splits and initializations. Subsequently we searched for cluster solutions, also called "views," with a significant diagnosis association and evaluated these based on their subject and feature cluster separability, and correlation to clinical manifestations as measured with the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Finally, we validated our findings by testing the diagnosis association on the external test data. A major finding of our study was that the stability of the clustering was highly dependent on variations in the data set, and even across initializations, we found only a moderate subject clustering stability. Nevertheless, we still discovered one view with a significant diagnosis association. This view reproducibly showed an overrepresentation of schizophrenia patients in three subject clusters, and one feature cluster showed a continuous trend, ranging from positive to negative connectivity values, when sorted according to the proportions of patients with schizophrenia. When investigating all patients, none of the feature clusters in the view were associated with severity of positive, negative, and generalized symptoms, indicating that the cluster solutions reflect other disease related mechanisms.
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Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Esquizofrenia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Descanso/fisiología , Bases de Datos Factuales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
It is commonly thought that steady-state thermoregulatory responses are achieved within 30-90 min of compensable heat stress. However, this assumption is based on measurements of whole body heat exchange during exercise, which stabilize (equilibrate) more rapidly than deep body temperatures, especially under resting conditions. To support the design of ecologically relevant heat exposure studies, we quantified equilibrium times for deep body temperature, as indexed by rectal temperature, in young and older adults resting in the heat. We also evaluated the lag in rectal temperature equilibrium relative to whole body heat storage (direct calorimetry). Equilibrium times were estimated with data from two laboratory-based trials (NCT04353076 and NCT04348630) in which 83 adults aged 19-80 yr (34 female) were exposed to simulated heat-wave conditions for 8-9 h. When assessed at the group level, it took rectal temperature 3.3 [bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 2.9-3.9] h to reach thermal equilibrium (<0.05°C/h rate of change) in young adults exposed to 40°C, 9% relative humidity (RH). In older adults, who were exposed to a greater range of conditions (31°C-40°C, 9-45% RH), equilibrium times were longer, ranging from 4.4 [3.8-5.3] to 5.2 [4.9-5.4] h. Furthermore, rectal temperature equilibrium was delayed 0.9 [0.5-1.4] and 1.8 [0.9-2.7] h compared with whole body heat storage in young and older adults, respectively (only assessed in 40°C, 9% RH). Individual-level equilibrium times ranged from 1 to 8 h. These findings highlight the importance of ecologically relevant exposure durations in translational research assessing the physiological impacts of hot weather.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deep body (rectal) temperature took 3-5 h on average and up to 6-8 h at the individual level to reach thermal equilibrium in young and older adults resting in the heat. Furthermore, stable rectal temperatures were delayed by up to 2 h relative to the achievement of heat balance (0 kJ/min rate of heat storage). We provide the first quantification of the temporal profiles of thermal strain during extended rest in conditions simulating hot weather.
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Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal , Calor , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Factores de Edad , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Descanso/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios CruzadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The widespread problem of suicide and its severe burden in bipolar disorder (BD) necessitate the development of objective risk markers, aiming to enhance individual suicide risk prediction in BD. METHODS: This study recruited 123 BD patients (61 patients with prior suicide attempted history (PSAs), 62 without (NSAs)) and 68 healthy controls (HEs). The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was used to decompose the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) into multiple hyper/hypo-RSFC patterns. Thereafter, according to the quantitative results of individual heterogeneity over latent factor dimensions, the correlations were analyzed to test prediction ability. RESULTS: Model constructed without introducing suicide-related labels yielded three latent factors with dissociable hyper/hypo-RSFC patterns. In the subsequent analysis, significant differences in the factor distributions of PSAs and NSAs showed biases on the default-mode network (DMN) hyper-RSFC factor (factor 3) and the salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN) hyper-RSFC factor (factor 1), indicating predictive value. Correlation analysis of the individuals' expressions with their Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) revealed factor 3 positively correlated (r = 0.4180, p < 0.0001) and factor 1 negatively correlated (r = - 0.2492, p = 0.0055) with suicide risk. Therefore, it could be speculated that patterns more associated with suicide reflected hyper-connectivity in DMN and hypo-connectivity in SN, CEN. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided individual suicide-associated risk factors that could reflect the abnormal RSFC patterns, and explored the suicide related brain mechanisms, which is expected to provide supports for clinical decision-making and timely screening and intervention for individuals at high risks of suicide.
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Trastorno Bipolar , Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Suicidio/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Descanso/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia (SZ) is one of the challenges of neuroscience. Many anatomical and functional studies have pointed to problems in brain connectivity in SZ individuals. However, little is known about the relationships between specific brain regions and impairments in brain connectivity in SZ individuals. Herein we propose a new approach using time-varying graphs and the motif synchronization method to build dynamic brain functional networks (BFNs). Dynamic BFNs were constructed from resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) of 14 schizophrenia (SZ) individuals and 14 healthy controls (HCs). BFNs were evaluated based on the percentage of synchronization importance between a pair of regions (considering external and internal interactions) over time. We found differences in the directed interaction between brain regions in SZ individuals compared to the control group. Our method revealed low bilaterally directed interactions between the temporal lobes in SZ individuals compared to HCs, indicating a potential link between altered brain connectivity and the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. From a clinical perspective, these results shed light on developing new therapeutic approaches targeting these specific neural interactions that are altered in individuals with SZ. This knowledge allows the application of better interventions focused on restoring or compensating for interrupted connectivity patterns.
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Encéfalo , Electroencefalografía , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Descanso/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The hypothalamus may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Investigating hypothalamus dysfunction in schizophrenia and probing how it is related to symptoms and responds to antipsychotic medication is crucial for understanding the potential mechanism of hypothalamus dysfunction under the long-term illness. METHODS: We recruited 216 patients with schizophrenia, including 140 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients (FES, including 44 patients with 1-year follow-up data), 76 chronically treated schizophrenia (CTS), and 210 healthy controls (HC). Hypothalamic seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was calculated and compared among the FES, CTS, and HC groups using analysis of covariance. Exploratory analysis was conducted between the FES patients at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Significantly altered hypothalamic FCs were then related to clinical symptomology, while age- and illness-related regression analyses were also conducted and compared between diagnostic groups. RESULTS: The FES patients showed decreased hypothalamic FCs with the midbrain and right thalamus, whereas the CTS patients showed more severe decreased hypothalamic FCs with the midbrain, right thalamus, left putamen, right caudate, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex compared to HCs. These abnormalities were not correlated to the symptomology or illness duration, or not reversed by the antipsychotic treatment. Age-related hypothalamic FC decrease was also identified in the abovementioned regions, and a faster age-related decline of the hypothalamic FC was observed with the left putamen and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION: Age-related hypothalamic FC decrease extends the functional alterations that characterize the neurodegenerative nature of schizophrenia. Future studies are required to further probe the hormonal or endocrinal underpinnings of such alterations and trace the precise progressive trajectories.