RESUMEN
Gaceta Médica de México, official journal of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, began its circulation on September 15, 1864, and continues to be positioned as the oldest medical periodical publication. However, its publication was temporarily interrupted. The present study analyzes the interruption suffered by Gaceta in 1916, its resumption in 1919, and the causes that originated that discontinuity. The consequences of the so-called Mexican revolution and the enthusiasm and commitment of the academy and its editors to continue working for the progress of national medicine are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/historia , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Academias e Institutos/historia , Publicidad/historia , MéxicoRESUMEN
Este trabajo pretende realizar un contraste histórico del sentido de la reparación en salud en pacientes sobrevivientes de represión política de la dictadura cívico militar en Chile; para ello se realizó una revisión y análisis sistemático y simultáneo de los documentos y otros antecedentes e información secundaria relacionada con el fenómeno; caracterizando el mismo en dos momentos: la resistencia, signada por la reivindicación de verdad y justicia, y la institucionalización, identificada como verdad y reconciliación, traducida en compensación material; mostrando como la reparación transita desde la solidaridad, a transmutar en dispositivo de gobernanza y control, instrumental al modelo de sociedad neoliberal en construcción en Chile y en desmedro de la verdad y la justicia como objetivos de la reparación(AU)
This work aims to make a contrast historical consciousness of repair in patients surviving for health political repression of civic dictatorship military in Chile; it conducted a review and systematic and simultaneous analysis of documents and other records, and secondary information related to the phenomenon; characterizing the same at two times: resistance, marked by the demand for truth and justice, and institutionalization, identified as truth and reconciliation, translated into material compensation; showing how to repair goes since solidarity, to transmute into governance and control, instrumental to the model of neoliberal society under construction in Chile and at the expense of truth and justice as objectives of repair(AU)
Asunto(s)
Condiciones Sociales/historia , Violencia/historia , Chile , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Disentimientos y Disputas , Sistemas Nacionales de Salud/historiaRESUMEN
Gaceta Médica de México, official journal of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, began its circulation on September 15, 1864, and continues to be positioned as the oldest medical periodical publication. However, its publication was temporarily interrupted. The present study analyzes the interruption suffered by Gaceta in 1916, its resumption in 1919, and the causes that originated that discontinuity. The consequences of the so-called Mexican revolution and the enthusiasm and commitment of the academy and its editors to continue working for the progress of national medicine are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Academias e Institutos/historia , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/historia , Publicidad/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , MéxicoRESUMEN
The southwestern U.S. border has recently seen a significant increase in the number of unaccompanied children from Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador illegally crossing the Mexican border into the United States. Many of these children leave home to flee violence, starvation, impoverished living conditions, or other life-threatening situations. The treatment of acute stress, anxiety, and depression associated with traumatic events is crucial in helping these children address these negative psychological events they have experienced so that they can move forward with their lives. Untreated, traumatic events experienced by this population can develop into Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, a potentially life-changing and physically threatening psychological and medical issue. The United States needs to effectively address the serious matter of responding to mental health issues facing refugees from war-torn or impoverished nations so as to help them to successfully adjust to American systems. There is a need for researchers in the mental health field to focus efforts in designing, implementing, and evaluating methodologies that can help these children develop healthy strategies for living with a very difficult and complex past.
Asunto(s)
Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Desórdenes Civiles/psicología , Asistencia Sanitaria Culturalmente Competente/historia , Hispánicos o Latinos/historia , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Menores/historia , Menores/psicología , Política , Racismo/historia , Racismo/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/historia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Inmigrantes Indocumentados/historia , Inmigrantes Indocumentados/psicología , Violencia/historia , Violencia/psicología , América Central/etnología , Niño , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , MotivaciónRESUMEN
From 1966 to 1983, Argentina underwent a period of political radicalization as fascist regimes used terror to control its citizens and leftist guerrillas resorted to violence to spark revolution. During this politically volatile period, psychiatry transformed from an apolitical clinical specialty into an ideological tool used for both leftist resistance and military oppression. The largest psychiatric organization at the time, the Federación Argentina de Psiquiatras (FAP), became the center for a new politically committed brand of psychiatry in Argentina that united psychoanalysis and community psychiatry with Marxist theory. Though the military targeted and eventually dismantled the FAP and its leftist brand of psychoanalysis and community psychiatry, sectors of the government also paradoxically appropriated and reframed community-based psychiatric perspectives to pathologize leftist subversion and advance their own conservative ideology.
Asunto(s)
Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Trastornos Mentales/clasificación , Política , Psiquiatría/historia , Argentina , Historia del Siglo XXRESUMEN
Este artigo se propõe a analisar as memórias de pequenos produtores rurais do assentamento Camucim (litoral sul da Paraíba) sobre um conflito de terra ocorrido no final dos anos 70 e início dos anos 80, do século XX. Essas memórias foram obtidas através de entrevistas de história de vida, que foram submetidas à Análise de Discurso. A partir da história oral, pretende-se analisar o sentido subjetivo construído pelos narradores, através de suas memórias. Nesse sentido, o conflito é relembrado como uma luta legítima, abençoada por Deus, o que nos remete para o papel fundamental da Igreja nesse processo, através da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT). Além disso, os narradores constroem uma imagem de lutadores corajosos e vitoriosos.
This article aims at analyzing the memories of small landowners of Camucim, a settlement in the South coast of Paraíba, over a conflict concerning the possession of a tract of land in the late 70s and early 80s of the twentieth century. These memories were gathered though Life History interviews and were submitted to Discourse Analysis. Departing from oral history we intend to analyze the subjective sense constructed by the narrators through their memories. In this sense the conflict is recollected as a legitimate struggle, blessed by God. This will lead us to the fundamental role the Church played in this process, through the Commission of the Pastoral of the Land (CPT). In addition to this, the narrators construct an image of brave, victorious fighters.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Conflictos Civiles , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Trabajadores RuralesRESUMEN
Este artigo se propõe a analisar as memórias de pequenos produtores rurais do assentamento Camucim (litoral sul da Paraíba) sobre um conflito de terra ocorrido no final dos anos 70 e início dos anos 80, do século XX. Essas memórias foram obtidas através de entrevistas de história de vida, que foram submetidas à Análise de Discurso. A partir da história oral, pretende-se analisar o sentido subjetivo construído pelos narradores, através de suas memórias. Nesse sentido, o conflito é relembrado como uma luta legítima, abençoada por Deus, o que nos remete para o papel fundamental da Igreja nesse processo, através da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT). Além disso, os narradores constroem uma imagem de lutadores corajosos e vitoriosos.(AU)
This article aims at analyzing the memories of small landowners of Camucim, a settlement in the South coast of Paraíba, over a conflict concerning the possession of a tract of land in the late 70s and early 80s of the twentieth century. These memories were gathered though Life History interviews and were submitted to Discourse Analysis. Departing from oral history we intend to analyze the subjective sense constructed by the narrators through their memories. In this sense the conflict is recollected as a legitimate struggle, blessed by God. This will lead us to the fundamental role the Church played in this process, through the Commission of the Pastoral of the Land (CPT). In addition to this, the narrators construct an image of brave, victorious fighters.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Conflictos Civiles , Trabajadores RuralesRESUMEN
The January 2010 earthquake in Haiti was a catastrophe not only for the loss of life it caused, but also because it destroyed the very thin layer of state administrative capacity that was in place in the country. This article argues that the fragility of the Haitian state institutions was exacerbated by international strategies that promoted NGOs as substitutes for the state. These strategies have generated a vicious circle that, while solving immediate logistical problems, ended up weakening Haiti's institutions. However, the article does not call for an overarching condemnation of NGOs. Instead, it explores two cases of community-based NGOs, Partners In Health and Fonkoze, that have contributed to creating durable social capital, generated employment and provided functioning services to the communities where they operated. The article shows that organisations that are financially independent and internationally connected, embrace a needs-based approach to their activities and share a long-term commitment to the communities within which they operate can contribute to bringing about substantial improvement for people living in situations of extreme poverty. It concludes that in the aftermath of a crisis of the dimension of the January earthquake it is crucial to channel support towards organisations that show this type of commitment.
Asunto(s)
Terremotos , Organizaciones , Áreas de Pobreza , Asistencia Pública , Salud Pública , Sistemas de Socorro , Factores Socioeconómicos , Desórdenes Civiles/economía , Desórdenes Civiles/etnología , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Desórdenes Civiles/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desórdenes Civiles/psicología , Planificación en Desastres/economía , Planificación en Desastres/historia , Planificación en Desastres/legislación & jurisprudencia , Terremotos/historia , Haití/etnología , Historia del Siglo XXI , Derechos Humanos/economía , Derechos Humanos/educación , Derechos Humanos/historia , Derechos Humanos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Derechos Humanos/psicología , Organizaciones/economía , Organizaciones/historia , Organizaciones/legislación & jurisprudencia , Medicina Preventiva/economía , Medicina Preventiva/educación , Medicina Preventiva/historia , Medicina Preventiva/legislación & jurisprudencia , Asistencia Pública/economía , Asistencia Pública/historia , Asistencia Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Instalaciones Públicas/economía , Instalaciones Públicas/historia , Instalaciones Públicas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Pública/economía , Salud Pública/educación , Salud Pública/historia , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Sistemas de Socorro/economía , Sistemas de Socorro/historia , Sistemas de Socorro/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/economía , Problemas Sociales/etnología , Problemas Sociales/historia , Problemas Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/psicología , Población Urbana/historiaRESUMEN
This article analyses selected cases of mass killings and genocide during the civil wars in El Salvador and Guatemala in the 1980s and the way in which the truth commissions in both countries reframed locally grounded narratives to fit the state-centred language of human rights. Redefining wrongdoings as human rights violations produces stories that communicate poorly with local worldviews because the 'truths' that human rights language proposes disregard local realities and transform local conflicts into a type of 'modern', nationwide struggles. Thus, while the concept of genocide might capture well the horrendous nature of a mass killing, it will also ethnify the conflict. Comparisons between local readings and human rights-based reinterpretations reveal a 'modernizing' or 'Westernizing' bias of international law; the article argues for more awareness about such effects in analysis as well as in policy-making.