RESUMEN
CONTEXT: Derris reticulata Craib. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., of the Fabaceae, have been used as active components in Thai herbal formulas for the treatment of fever and skin diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing the combined extract from D. reticulata stem wood and G. glabra root (RGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The potential of the herbal gel formulation containing RGF (8% w/w) as the active ingredient was studied by evaluating the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activities using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, spectrophotometric method, and broth microdilution technique, respectively. The reference standards for the biological testing included Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), ascorbic acid, catechin, and penicillin G. The stability study of the RGF herbal gel was performed by a heating-cooling test (at 45 °C for 24 h and at 4 °C for 24 h/1 cycle; for 6 cycles), and the bioactive marker compounds in the herbal gel were investigated by the HPLC technique. RESULTS: RGF showed promising pharmacological effects, particularly on its anti-inflammatory property (IC50 73.86 µg/mL), compared to L-NA (IC50 47.10 µg/mL). The RGF-containing gel demonstrated anti-inflammatory (IC50 3.59 mg/mL) and free radical scavenging effects (IC50 0.05-4.39 mg/mL), whereas it had no anti-S. aureus activity (MIC > 10 mg/mL). The active ingredient in the developed herbal gel significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by downregulating iNOS mRNA levels. The contents of the bioactive markers in the RGF gel (lupinifolin and glabridin) did not change significantly after stability testing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The RGF-containing gel has potential to be further developed as an herbal product for the treatment of skin inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Derris , Geles , Glycyrrhiza , Extractos Vegetales , Staphylococcus aureus , Glycyrrhiza/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Derris/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Raíces de Plantas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Células RAW 264.7 , Estabilidad de MedicamentosRESUMEN
Derris scandens, which contains isoflavones and prenylated derivatives, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and is an ingredient in traditional Thai medicine for perimenopause and menopause. However, the estrogenic activity of D. scandens has not yet been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the estrogenic activity of the stem extract of D. scandens and its isoflavone derivatives. In this study, we conducted a proliferation assay in MCF-7 cells, and used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess gene expression. We found that the relative cell proliferation of the compounds (1 µM) was ranked in the following order as compared to 0.1 nM 17ß-estradiol (100%): genistein (97.84%) > derrisisoflavone A (83.17%) > genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 6)-glucopyranoside] (69.55%) > 6,8-diprenylgenistein (51.91%) > lupalbigenin (18.72%). Furthermore, cotreatment with 1 µM lupalbigenin and 0.1 nM 17ß-estradiol was performed, which decreased cell proliferation to 80.38%. In vitro results suggest that lupalbigenin has an estrogen-antagonistic effect. At a dose of 1 µM, genistein had the strongest efficacy in increasing the expression of human estrogen receptor ß by 4.0-fold compared to the control. Furthermore, genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 6)]-ß-glucopyranoside augmented the gene expression of human estrogen receptor α and human estrogen receptor ß by 1.5- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Prenylated derivatives of genistein (derrisisoflavone A, 6,8-diprenylgenistein, and lupalbigenin) significantly suppressed the gene expression of the human androgen receptor. The administration of the crude extract at 10 µg/mL significantly suppressed human androgen receptor (0.6-fold) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (0.1-fold) expression but did not significantly affect human estrogen receptor α and human estrogen receptor ß gene expression. This herbal medicine may be safe for estrogen-exposed breast cancer patients.
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Proliferación Celular , Derris , Isoflavonas , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Células MCF-7 , Derris/química , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Isoflavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Isoflavonas/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Fitoestrógenos/aislamiento & purificación , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Estrógenos/farmacología , Receptor beta de Estrógeno/genética , Receptor beta de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Femenino , Estradiol/farmacología , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Derris scandens (DS) is widely recognized for its therapeutic properties, specifically its analgesic effects, which significantly alleviate muscle pain. The chemical constituents of DS stem include various isoflavone derivatives. However, there is currently a lack of specified anti-inflammatory chemical markers and analytical methods for quality control. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of DS and its constituents using the RAW 264.7 cell model. The expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) was examined using quantitative RT-PCR. An high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detection method was developed to quantitatively analyze genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 6)]-ß-glucopyranoside, genistein, derrisisoflavone A, lupalbigenin, and 6,8-diprenylgenistein in DS stem. The developed HPLC-UV method demonstrated high sensitivity with limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 µg/mL and 0.03 to 0.18 µg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method ranged from 93.3 to 109.6%. Furthermore, the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were suitable, as indicated by the relative standard deviations of ≤ 3.02% and ≤ 6.22%, respectively. The DS extract notably inhibited NO production, exhibiting effects comparable to those of 500 µM diclofenac, and substantially suppressed the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and 5-LOX of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced genes. As to the pure isoflavone derivatives, the order of NO production inhibition was found to be genistein > lupalbigenin > derrisisoflavone A > 6,8-diprenylgenistein > genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 6)]-ß-glucopyranoside. Genistein, derrisisoflavone A, and 6,8-diprenylgenistein significantly suppressed the upregulation of all LPS-induced genes. Consequently, these compounds are recommended as anti-inflammatory markers for the quantitative chemical analysis of DS.
Asunto(s)
Derris , Isoflavonas , Ratones , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Células RAW 264.7 , Genisteína/farmacología , Derris/química , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismoRESUMEN
Derris trifoliata is mainly found in mangrove area in tropical regions and the plant extract is traditionally used for fishing by poisoning. This is the first case report of rotenone poisoning in a child from ingesting Derris trifoliata seed. The child developed altered consciousness, vomiting, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and acute kidney injury. Species identification of this case requires the collaborative efforts of various agencies. She survived from the poisoning with no neurological sequelae.
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Derris , Rotenona , Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Rotenona/toxicidad , Frutas , Malasia , Extractos VegetalesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The stem of the plant species Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. (DS) contains genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1â6)]-ß-glucopyranoside (GTG), which is a unique marker. Previous analyses of GTG using antibody-based immunoassays were compromised because of their high cross-reactivity with structurally related compounds of DS, thereby limiting their applicability in DS quality control. OBJECTIVE: Conjugation of GTG with carrier proteins was achieved using the Mannich reaction to produce a highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting GTG (anti-GTG mAb). METHODS: The anti-GTG mAb was generated using hybridoma technology and characterised using an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). Both lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) and icELISA were developed to detect and quantify GTG in DS raw materials and associated products. RESULTS: icELISA using the anti-GTG mAb showed 100% specificity for GTG, with only 1.77% cross-reactivity with genistin and less than 0.01% cross-reactivity with other compounds. icELISA demonstrated a linear range for GTG determination between 62.5 and 2000 ng/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification were 49.68 and 62.50 ng/mL for GTG, respectively. The precision of the analysis ranged from 1.28% to 4.20% for repeatability and from 1.03% to 7.05% for reproducibility. The accuracy of the analysis ranged from 101.97% to 104.01% for GTG recovery. GTG levels determined via icELISA were consistent with those confirmed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (R2 = 0.9903). Moreover, the LOD of LFIA for GTG was 500 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: Immunoassays utilising specific anti-GTG mAbs were successfully developed, including LFIA for rapid GTG detection and icELISA for GTG quantification.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Derris , Genisteína/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , InmunoensayoRESUMEN
The ethanol extract of roots of Derris taiwaniana gave two undescribed compounds, 3,3'-dimethoxy-5'-hydroxystilbene-4-O-ß-apiofuranosyl-(1â6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 4',5-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-ß-apiofuranosyl-(1â6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with thirty known components. Among them, compounds 14, 16-17, 23, 26-32 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Their structures were established based on physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, the lung epithelial cell protective effects were evaluated using NNK-induced MLE-12 cells. Among them, 2α,3α-epoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-(4ß-8-catechin) (30) showed the best significant protective effect, speculated to be the key component of D. taiwaniana that plays a protective role in lung epithelial cells.
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Derris , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Derris/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Células Epiteliales , EtanolRESUMEN
Rotenone, isolated from Derris, Lonchocarpus, and Tephrosia from the family Fabaceae, has been shown to have a variety of biological properties and is used in various agricultural industries as a potent biopesticide. However, recent reports have demonstrated that rotenone has the potential to cause several adverse effects such as a neurodegenerative disease. This study aimed to induce thermolysis of the biopesticide rotenone and enhance the functionality of the degraded products. Rotenone (1) was degraded after autoclaving for 12 h, and the thermolytic reactants showed enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity against nitric oxide (NO) production. The structures of the newly modified products were spectroscopically determined. The thermal reaction products included various isoflavonoid derivatives 2-6, whose structures were characterized as being produced via chemical reactions in rotenone at the C-12 positions. Among the degraded products, (-)-tubaic acid (6) exhibited significantly improved anti-inflammatory effects compared to the original rotenone. Quantitative LC-MS analysis of the major thermolysis products generated in Derris extract containing rotenone was performed using isolate 2-5 purified from autoclaved rotenone. These results suggest that the thermal transformation of rotenone can improve the functionality of anti-inflammatory agents.
Asunto(s)
Derris , Fabaceae , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Rotenona/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico , Agentes de Control Biológico , Derris/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PREMISE: The phylogeography of coastal plant species is shaped by contemporary and historical biogeographic processes. In this study, we aim to decipher the phylogeography of Derris trifoliata, a woody legume of relatively recent origin and wide distribution, in coastal areas in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region. METHODS: Genetic diversity and population structure were assessed by analyzing six nuclear and three chloroplast DNA sequences from 30 populations across the species' range. Phylogeography was inferred by estimating gene flow, divergence time, historical population size changes, and historical habitat suitability using paleoclimatic niche modeling. RESULTS: High genetic diversity was observed at the species level. The populations of three oceanic regions included in this study (i.e., Indian Ocean, South China Sea, and Pacific Ocean) formed distinct clades and likely diverged during the late Pleistocene. Potential barriers to gene flow were identified, including the Sunda and Sahul shelves, geographic distance, and current patterns of oceanic circulation. Analysis of changes in population size supported the bottleneck model, which was strengthened by estimates of habitat suitability across paleoclimatic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The once widespread distribution of D. trifoliata was fragmented by changes in climatic suitability and biogeographic barriers that arose following sea-level changes during the Pleistocene. In addition, contemporary patterns of oceanic circulation and geographic distance between populations appear to maintain genetic differentiation across its distribution in the IWP.
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Derris , Fabaceae , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Derris/genética , Fabaceae/genética , Variación Genética , Océano Pacífico , Filogenia , FilogeografíaRESUMEN
Three previously undescribed isoflavones, derrisrobustones A-C, and a previously undescribed natural isoflavone, derrisrobustone D, along with eight known isoflavones, were isolated from the twig extract of Derris robusta (DC.) Benth. All structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Derrisrobustones A-C were obtained as scalemic mixtures and were resolved by chiral HPLC. The (1â³R, 2â³R) absolute configuration of (+)-derrisrobustone B was established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography using Cu Kα radiation. The absolute configurations of derrisrobustones A and C were determined by analysis of experimental and calculated ECD data. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Of these, derrubone displayed the best α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 64.2 µM.
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Derris , Isoflavonas , Derris/química , Derris/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/química , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of <i>D. elliptica</i> root have high larvicidal activity against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> larvae, the primary vector of dengue but have not been understood their potential against <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae, the secondary vector of dengue that also transmits Chikungunya and Zika viruses. This <i>in vitro</i> study aims to understand the larvicidal activity of the 3 extract types of <i>D. elliptica </i>root against <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The tuba root extract types were obtained from the sequential extraction process with 3 steps of liquid-liquid partition as described in the previous report. Six concentrations were occupied in this experiment ranging of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg L<sup>1</sup> each concentration was 5 times replicated and placed in 250 mL plastic cups. As many as 20 of 3rd instar larvae of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were subjected in each treatment cup and larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure. <b>Results:</b> Larval mortality rates based on concentration range of 13.75-97.00 and 43,75-100%, 14.00-44.00, 34.00-90.00%, 12.00-47.00 and 28.00-88.00%, with the LC<sub>50</sub> after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure were 2.925 and 0.414, 16.184, 2.900, 15.789 and 4.380 mg L<sup>1</sup>, respectively for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. <b>Conclusion:</b> The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of tuba root have high larvicidal activity against <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae. Further study on prototype formulation of larvicide and elucidation of the specific phytochemical compounds of the extracts were necessarily conducted.
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Aedes , Derris , Insecticidas , Infección por el Virus Zika , Virus Zika , Animales , Derris/química , Insecticidas/farmacología , Larva , Mosquitos Vectores , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Four new compounds (derriscandenon D (1), E (2), F (3), G (4)) and six known isoflavones (warangalone (5), millewanin E (6), rhynedlin A (7), 6,8-diprenylgenistein (8), isolupalbigenin (9), isoscandinone (10)) were isolated from the acetone extract of the branches of Derris scandens. These compounds were assayed for cell viability using the human lung carcinoma cell line A549, colorectal carcinoma cell line Colo205, epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB, the human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line NALM-6, and human dermal fibroblasts. Compounds 2 and 3 significantly decreased the viability of KB cells, with IC50 values of 2.7 and 12.9 µM, respectively. In addition, compounds 2 and 3 reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in KB cells. Compounds 2 and 3 strongly down-regulated the cell viability of cell lines KB and NALM-6, achieving IC50 values of 2.7 and 0.9 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control staurosporine at 1.25 and 0.01 µM, respectively.
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Derris , Isoflavonas , Supervivencia Celular , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial , Extractos VegetalesRESUMEN
An ethanolic extract of Derris scandens flowers showed potent preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived condition, with a PC50 value of 0.7 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of this active extract led to the isolation of four prenylated isoflavones (1-4) including a new compound named 4'-O-methylgrynullarin (1). The structure elucidation of the new compound was achieved by HRFABMS and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds exhibited potent anti-austerity activity against four different human pancreatic cancer cell lines under nutrient-deprived conditions. The new compound 4'-O-methylgrynullarin (1) was also found to inhibit PANC-1 cell migration and colony formation under nutrient-rich condition. Mechanistically, compound 1 inhibited key survival proteins in the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, 4'-O-methylgrynullarin (1) can be considered as a potential lead compound for the anticancer drug development based on the anti-austerity strategy.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Hemiterpenos/farmacología , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Derris/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Flores/química , Hemiterpenos/síntesis química , Hemiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Isoflavonas/química , Isoflavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismoRESUMEN
Derris reticulata (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) has been used for the treatment of diabetes in Thai folk remedies. The phytochemical investigation of the wood of D. reticulata revealed the isolation of two new pyranoflavanones, 4'-methoxydereticulatin (1) and 2'''-hydroxy,3'''-ethoxylupinifolin (2), along with five known compounds namely lupinifolin (3), 2''',3'''-dihydroxylupinifolin (4), genistein (5), lupeol (6), and ß-sitosterol (7). Compounds 1-4 were selected for antibacterial assay using broth microdilution method, and displayed good activity against four out of five tested pathogenic bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.78 to 128 µg/mL. The result from spectrophotometric assay of α-glucosidase inhibition showed that 5 exhibited promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, compared with the positive control acarbose. Additionally, it was found that compounds 4 and 5 showed moderate DPPH and NO radicals scavenging activity. Modeling studies were also performed to suggest the interaction modes of compounds 3-5 in the α-glucosidase enzyme active site.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Derris , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Derris/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales , Tailandia , Madera/química , alfa-GlucosidasasRESUMEN
Genus Pongamia and Derris belong to the Leguminosae family and are reported synonymously in literature. Although many compounds have been isolated from different plant parts but seed oil is known to produce non-edible medicinally important furanoflavonoids. The seed oil, commonly known as Karanj oil in Ayurvedic and Siddha traditional systems of medicine, is reported for the treatment of various skin infections and psoriasis. Several phytopharmacological investigations have proved the medicinal potential of furanoflavonoids in the skin and other disorders. Not only furanoflavonoids but several other important phenolic constituents such as chalcones, dibenzoylmethanes, aurones, isoflavones, flavanone dihydroflavonol, flavans, pterocarpans, rotenoids, coumarins, coumestans, stilbenoids and peltygynoids and their glycosides have been reported for different biological activities including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, anti-alzheimer's, gastro protective, antifungal, antibacterial, etc. In the present review, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genera Pongamia and Derris have been summarized.
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Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Derris/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Pongamia/química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since the Dengue virus spreads rapidly and the vector becomes resistant to insecticides and larvicides, exploration of new compounds that overcome resistance problems, are easily degraded and do not lead to bioaccumulation, is needed. This study evaluated four extract types of Derris elliptica represented the polar, semi-polar and nonpolar extract against the 3rd-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and determined the effective concentration among the extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The crude extract was obtained from the maceration of root powder of the plant with methanol and subsequently evaporated. The crude extract was diluted in distilled water and partitioned sequentially with ethyl-acetate, n-hexane and water to obtain their fractions. All the fractions were evaporated to obtain their extract types. Initial bioassay test of the extracts with concentration ranges of 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 mg L-1 against Ae. aegypti larvae and resulted in 86-100% larval mortality rates at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L-1, except for water extract. The lower concentration range of 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of three extract types were tested. RESULTS: Larval mortality rates of 18.4-100, 1.6-99.2 and 0.8-98.4% with LC50 of 4.088, 14.066 and 21.063 mg L-1, respectively for n-hexane, methanol and ethyl-acetate. FTIR analysis indicated nine lead compounds in which rotenone and ceramides were observed in all extract types. CONCLUSION: The n-hexane extract showed the highest larvicidal toxicity and its specific compounds are necessarily isolated to obtain pure bioactive ingredients.
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Aedes/efectos de los fármacos , Virus del Dengue/patogenicidad , Derris , Insecticidas/farmacología , Control de Mosquitos , Mosquitos Vectores , Raíces de Plantas , Aedes/embriología , Aedes/virología , Animales , Derris/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hexanos/química , Insecticidas/aislamiento & purificación , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/virología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Solventes/químicaRESUMEN
The present study aims to identify a potential substitute for the harmful synthetic fibers in the field of polymer composites. With this objective, a comprehensive characterization of Derris scandens stem fibers (DSSFs) was carried out. The presence of high strength gelatinous fibers with a traditional hierarchical cell structure was found in the anatomical study. The chemical compositional analysis estimated the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of 63.3 wt%, 11.6 wt%, and 15.3 wt%, respectively. Further analysis with XRD confirmed the presence of crystalline cellulose having a size of 11.92 nm with a crystallinity index of 58.15%. SEM and AFM studies show that these fibers are porous, and the average roughness is 105.95 nm. Single fiber tensile tests revealed that the DSSFs exhibited the mean Young's modulus and tensile strength of 13.54 GPa and 633.87 MPa respectively. Furthermore, the extracted fibers were found to be thermally stable up to 230 °C, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The fibers extracted from the stem of medicinal plant Derris scandens have the properties comparable to that of existing natural fibers, thus, suggesting it to use as a highly promising reinforcing agent alternative to synthetic fibers in polymer matrix composites.
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Celulosa/aislamiento & purificación , Derris/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/ultraestructura , Cristalización , Derris/anatomía & histología , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica , Floema/anatomía & histología , Espectroscopía de Fotoelectrones , Probabilidad , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Estrés Mecánico , Temperatura , Resistencia a la Tracción , Difracción de Rayos X , Xilema/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Three undescribed isoflavones, derriscandenon A, B, and C, together with seven known isoflavones were isolated and structurally characterized during a study of the chemical constituents in the leaves of Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth (Leguminosae, Fabaceae) collected in Bangladesh. The inhibitory activity of the compounds against activation of Epstein-Barr virus antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbo-13-acetate (TPA) was measured to identify possible chemopreventive agents. Mild inhibitory effects (IC50 278-290 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA) against EBV-EA induction compared with curcumin (IC50 341 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA) were observed for four known compounds (lupalbigenin, isopalbigenin, glyurallin, and isangustone A). Next, we focused on antitumor effects and investigated cell viability, cell proliferation, and mitochondria membrane potential by using an MTT assay, a live cell monitoring system, and fluorescence staining. Of the seven isoflavones tested for cell viability, a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed for four isoflavones (derriscandenon B and C, derrubone, and glyurallin) in KB cells and two compounds (derriscandenon B and isochandaisone) in NALM6-MSH+ cells. In addition, the proliferation of KB cells was significantly inhibited by these four compounds at a concentration of 5 µM. The mitochondria membrane potentials of KB cells treated with derriscandenon C, derrubone, and glyurallin at the IC50 concentration were decreased by about 55%, whereas undescribed compound derriscandenon B had no effect. Our results show that some of the compounds isolated from D. scandens may be suitable as seed compounds for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Derris , Fabaceae , Isoflavonas , Neoplasias , Bangladesh , HumanosRESUMEN
Environmental changes and anthropogenic activities can be linked to altered distribution and abundance of species. However, the ecological impacts of change in the microenvironment have not been well documented. Herein, we have identified the distribution of mangroves and associated species and characterized surface sediment and water samples along the banks of River Hooghly. The application of Combined Mangrove Recognition Index (CMRI) and its validation with the available ground data on satellite image of 2015 indicates that some mangrove species have reclaimed the upper course of the river, which was earlier absent before 1995. This study is the first report on the upstream migration of mangrove species such as Sonneratia caseolaris, Sonneratia apetala, Derris trifoliata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Thespesia populnea in River Hooghly. The changes in pollution load, varied sedimentation pattern, high chemical oxygen demand, mean sea-level rise, and anthropogenic activity might have played a significant role in the upstream migration of mangroves.
Asunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Ríos , Humedales , Derris , Hibiscus , India , LythraceaeRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Chromatographic techniques coupled with bioassays are popularly used for the detection of bioactive compounds in natural products. In this study phytochemicals responsible for showing Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitory activity in Derris scandens were studied using at-line method. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop an at-line liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) micro-fractionation method for rapid separation and identification of PDE5A1 inhibitors in 95% ethanolic extract of D. scandens. METHODOLOGY: Initially, the correlation between LC-MS and PDE5A1 inhibitory activity was studied using three concentrations of 1:1 mixture of sildenafil and derrisisoflavone A; PDE5A1 inhibitors. The mixture was separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column and the eluent was split into two flows in the ratio of 1:9. The major part was collected in a 96-well plate, in each well consecutively every 30 s. The minor part was fed into an electrospray ionisation (ESI)-QTOF-MS system. After subsequent solvent removal, the collected micro-fractions were subjected to radioassay to determine PDE5A1 inhibition. RESULTS: The result showed, PDE5A1 inhibitory activities of the micro-fractions were observed in a dose response manner and found to be in agreement with an off-line study. Similarly, 95% ethanolic extract of D. scandens was subjected to the at-line LC-QTOF-MS micro-fractionation developed, resulting in separation and tentative identification of 25 compounds with PDE5A1 inhibitory activity. Most of the compounds contained prenylated isoflavone skeleton. Additionally, the active micro-fractions also showed selectivity on PDE5A1 over PDE6 and PDE1B. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that the at-line coupled LC-QTOF-MS micro-fractionation with PDE5A1 inhibitory assay is a valuable tool for identifying PDE5A1 inhibitors from complex extracts.
Asunto(s)
Derris , Fraccionamiento Químico , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masas , Extractos Vegetales , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de ElectrosprayRESUMEN
Phytochemical reinvestigation on the whole plants of Derris laxiflora Benth. afforded two new diprenylated flavanones, derriflavanones B and C (1-2), together with thirty-two known compounds, including sixteen flavonoids (3-18), eleven aromatic compounds (19-29), and five chlorophylls (30-34). All known compounds were first isolated from this plant. The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of the NMR spectroscopy, mass data, IR spectra, UV spectra, optical rotation and by comparison with literature data.