RESUMEN
APRESENTAÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 69 anos, fumante, sem outras comorbidades, agricultor, consulta por dispnéia. Ao exame físico na admissão apresenta sinais de insuficiência cardíaca direita. Foi realizado ecocardiograma com evidência de massa adjacente ao ventrículo direito (VD), causando compressão com diminuição a distensibilidade do VD, com áreas de intensa calcificação pericárdica de distribuição desigual e padrão hemodinâmico de constrição. Nega antecedentes de tuberculose, radioterapia de tórax ou cirurgia cardíaca prévia. Realizada TC de tórax com contraste, evidenciando calcificações pericárdicas, com imagem de "pseudotumor" adjacente a VD de contorno irregular, calcificação intensa e conteúdo heterogêneo. O paciente foi submetido a pericardectomia e ressecção do tumor, com achado de intensa calcificação e coágulos remanescentes em seu interior. Interrogado especificamente sobre antecedente de trauma torácico, ao que o paciente respondeu ter sofrido uma pancada por cabeça de bovino, 10 anos antes do início dos sintomas. Descartou-se contato com Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tireoidopatias e neoplasias. Em ausência de outra explicação que justificasse os achados, foi assumida como etiologia pericardite constritiva secundária a hemopericárdico por contusão cardíaca. DISCUSSÃO: As causas mais comuns de pericardite constritiva incluem tuberculose, colagenoses, uremia, febre reumática, radioterapia, neoplasias. Existem pouquíssimos relatos na literatura relacionando pericardite constritiva a trauma torácico fechado, a maioria das associações são com o trauma da pericardiectomia durante uma cirurgia cardíaca. Chama a atenção a intensa calcificação pericárdica com efeito de massa compressiva adjacente ao VD e a localização heterogênea das calcificações nas paredes de VE, podendo corresponder com a distribuição pós-traumática do sangramento. Apesar de ser relatado na literatura que a tuberculose está entre as causas que mais apresentam calcificação visível ao exame radiológico, não há evidências que ligam a alteração a uma etiologia específica. COMENTÁRIOS FINAIS: Pelo perfil da população que atendemos no SUS, devemos abrir o espectro de possibilidades para não nos surpreendermos com motivos inusitados de consulta na população. Não há casos publicados de pericardite pós-traumática, secundária a hemopericárdio pós pancada de bovino. Com a grande quantidade de trabalhadores rurais no Brasil, sua incidência poderia estar sendo subestimada.
Asunto(s)
Derrame Pericárdico , Pericarditis Constrictiva , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Contusiones MiocárdicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cancer screening is absolutely necessary in patients with pericardial effusion, given that cancer is one of the most serious diseases in the etiology of pericardial effusion. In previous studies, it was stated that the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII); the prognostic nutrition index (PNI); and the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score can produce scores related to cancer. OBJECTIVES: This study began considering that these scoring systems could predict cancer in the etiology of patients with pericardial effusion. METHODS: This study produced a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent pericardiocentesis between 2006 and 2022. Pericardiocentesis was performed in a total of 283 patients with moderate-to-large pericardial effusion or pericardial tamponade within the specified period. HALP, PNI, and SII scores were calculated according to the peripheral venous blood taken before the pericardiocentesis procedure. The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The HALP score proved to be 0.173 (0.125-0.175) in cancer patients and 0.32 (0.20-0.49) in non-cancer patients (p<0.001). The PNI score proved to be 33.1±5.6 in cancer patients and 39.8±4.8 in non-cancer patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The HALP score and PNI proved to be easy and fast cancer screening tests that can predict cancer metastasis in the etiology of patients with pericardial effusion.
FUNDAMENTO: A triagem do câncer é absolutamente necessária em pacientes com derrame pericárdico, pois o câncer é uma das doenças mais graves em sua etiologia. Estudos anteriores indicaram que o índice de inflamação imunológica sistêmica (IIS), o índice prognóstico nutricional (PNI) e o escore de hemoglobina, albumina, linfócitos e plaquetas (HALP) podem ser escores relacionados ao câncer. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo foi iniciado considerando que esses sistemas de pontuação poderiam prever o câncer na etiologia de pacientes com derrame pericárdico. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes submetidos à pericardiocentese entre 2006 e 2022 foram analisados retrospectivamente. A pericardiocentese foi realizada em um total de 283 pacientes com derrame pericárdico ou tamponamento cardíaco de moderado a grande no período especificado. Os índices de HALP, PNI e IIS foram calculados do sangue venoso periférico retirado antes do procedimento de pericardiocentese. O nível de significância estatística foi aceito em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O escore HALP foi de 0,173 (0,125-0,175) em pacientes com câncer. Detectou-se que em pacientes não oncológicos o escore foi de 0,32 (0,20-0,49; p<0,001). O escore de PNI foi de 33,1±5,6 em pacientes com câncer. Detectou-se que em pacientes não oncológicos o escore foi 39,8±4,8 (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os escores HALP e PNI são testes de triagem de câncer fáceis e rápidos que podem prever metástases de câncer na etiologia de pacientes com derrame pericárdico.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Derrame Pericárdico , Humanos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Evaluación Nutricional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Linfocitos , Albúminas , Hemoglobinas , Inflamación , Neoplasias/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an extremely malignant subtype of lung cancer because of its high potential for metastases. Cardiac invasion of SCLC is a serious concern that may lead to systemic embolism or tract obstruction. It has aroused much concern that cardiovascular comorbidities may significantly affect the survival of SCLC patients and their treatment decisions. METHODS: We consecutively recruited 772 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients between January 2011 and December 2018 from 4 cancer specialty hospitals in China. Only newly diagnosed primary cancer inpatients were included. Univariable and multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was 34.6% in all SCLC patients. Log-rank analysis presented statistically significant differences in median survival time (MST) between patients with CVD and without CVD in all SCLC patients (9.0 months vs. 15.0 months, P = 0.005) and patients with chemotherapy only (12.0 months vs. 18.0 months, P = 0.048). Pericardial effusion (HR 1.671, 95% CI 1.082-2.580, P = 0.021) and heart failure (HR 1.752, 95% CI 1.290-2.379, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in all SCLC patients. VTE is related to poorer prognosis in patients with chemotherapy only (HR 5.558, 95% CI 1.335-23.135, P = 0.018) and chemoradiotherapy (HR 3.057, 95% CI 1.270-7.539, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive management of CVD comorbidities is of vital importance for the long-term prognosis of SCLC patients.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Quimioradioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/terapia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/patología , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Anciano , Pronóstico , Comorbilidad , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , China/epidemiología , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Derrame Pericárdico/epidemiología , Derrame Pericárdico/mortalidad , Adulto , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pericardial window, in addition to promoting pericardial drainage, can also provide samples of the pericardium for anatomopathological examination. However, such biopsies' contribution to clarifying the etiology of pericardial effusion has been debated. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic value of non-targeted pericardial biopsy obtained from pericardial window procedures. METHODS: Data from 80 patients who had undergone parietal pericardial biopsies from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Statistical significance was considered if p < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty patients were male (62.5%,) and 30 were female (37.5%). The median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 29 to 59) and 49 years (interquartile range: 38 to 65), respectively (p = 0.724). The suspected etiology of pericardial effusion was neoplastic in 31.3%, unclear in 25%, tuberculosis in 15%, autoimmune in 12.5%, edemagenic syndrome in 7.5%, and other miscellaneous conditions in 8.8%. The most frequent approach for pericardial drainage and biopsy was subxiphoid (74%), followed by video-assisted thoracoscopy (22%). Overall, in 78.8% of the biopsies, the histopathologic findings were compatible with nonspecific inflammation, and only 13.7% of all biopsies yielded a conclusive histopathological diagnostic. Those suffering from cancer and pericardial effusion had a higher proportion of conclusive histopathologic findings (32% had pericardial neoplastic infiltration). The hospital mortality rate was 27.5%, and 54.5% of the patients who died in the hospital had cancer. No deaths were attributed to cardiac tamponade or the drainage procedure. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that pericardial window is a safe procedure, but it had little value to clarify the pericardial effusion etiology and no impact on the planned therapy for the primary diagnosis besides the cardiac decompression.
FUNDAMENTO: A janela pericárdica, além de promover a drenagem pericárdica, também pode fornecer amostras do pericárdio para exame anatomopatológico. No entanto, a contribuição dessas biópsias para a elucidação da etiologia do derrame pericárdico tem sido debatida. OBJETIVO: Analisar o valor diagnóstico da biópsia pericárdica não guiada obtida de procedimentos de janela pericárdica. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados retrospectivamente dados de 80 pacientes submetidos a biópsia pericárdica parietal de 2011 a 2020. A significância estatística foi considerada quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta pacientes eram do sexo masculino (62,5%) e 30 do sexo feminino (37,5%). A mediana de idade foi de 52 anos (intervalo interquartil: 29 a 59) e 49 anos (intervalo interquartil: 38 a 65), respectivamente (p = 0,724). A etiologia suspeita do derrame pericárdico foi neoplásica em 31,3%, incerta em 25%, tuberculose em 15%, autoimune em 12,5%, síndrome edemigênica em 7,5% e outras condições diversas em 8,8%. A abordagem mais frequente para drenagem pericárdica e biópsia foi a subxifoide (74%), seguida pela videotoracoscopia (22%). Em 78,8% das biópsias, os achados histopatológicos foram compatíveis com inflamação inespecífica, e apenas 13,7% de todas as biópsias produziram um diagnóstico histopatológico conclusivo. Aqueles que sofriam de câncer e derrame pericárdico apresentaram maior proporção de achados histopatológicos conclusivos (32% apresentavam infiltração neoplásica pericárdica). A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi de 27,5% e 54,5% dos pacientes que morreram no hospital tinham câncer. Nenhuma morte foi atribuída ao tamponamento cardíaco ou ao procedimento de drenagem. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostraram que a janela pericárdica é um procedimento seguro, mas teve pouco valor para esclarecer a etiologia do derrame pericárdico e nenhum impacto na terapia planejada para o diagnóstico primário além da descompressão cardíaca.
Asunto(s)
Taponamiento Cardíaco , Neoplasias Cardíacas , Derrame Pericárdico , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Derrame Pericárdico/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pericardio , Biopsia/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicacionesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and pericardial effusion are important factors affecting prognosis after cardiac surgery. Recently, it has been reported that posterior pericardiotomy (PP) can effectively prevent the occurrence of POAF and pericardial effusion. To validate these conclusions and guide clinical practice, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched multiple databases for manuscripts published before July 2022 on the use of PP to prevent POAF and pericardial effusion and included only randomized controlled trials. The main outcome was atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, and secondary outcomes were included. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 14 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2275 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of POAF after cardiac surgery in the PP group was significantly lower than that in the control group (risk ratio=0.48; 95% confidence interval=0.33~0.69; P<0.00001). PP effectively reduced postoperative pericardial effusion (risk ratio=0.34, 95% confidence interval=0.21-0.55; P<0.00001). CONCLUSION: PP has shown good results in preventing POAF, pericardial effusion, and other complications, which indicates that PP is a safe and effective surgical method, but attention still needs to be paid to the potential risk of coagulation dysfunction caused by PP.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Derrame Pericárdico , Herida Quirúrgica , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Fibrilación Atrial/prevención & control , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Derrame Pericárdico/prevención & control , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
A regurgitação tricúspide (RT) importante está associada à alta morbidade e mortalidade. Como o tratamento cirúrgico da RT isolada tem sido associado à alta mortalidade, as intervenções transcateter na valva tricúspide (VT) têm sido utilizadas para o seu tratamento, com risco relativamente mais baixo. Há um atraso na intervenção da RT e provavelmente está relacionado a uma compreensão limitada da anatomia da VT e do ventrículo direito, além da subestimação da gravidade da RT. Nesse cenário, faz-se necessário o conhecimento anatômico abrangente da VT, a fisiopatologia envolvida no mecanismo de regurgitação, assim como a sua graduação mais precisa. A VT tem peculiaridades anatômica, histológica e espacial que fazem a sua avalição ser mais complexa, quando comparado à valva mitral, sendo necessário o conhecimento e treinamento nas diversas técnicas ecocardiográficas que serão utilizadas frequentemente em combinação para uma avaliação precisa. Esta revisão descreverá a anatomia da VT, o papel do ecocardiograma no diagnóstico, graduação e fisiopatologia envolvida na RT, as principais opções atuais de tratamento transcateter da RT e a avaliação do resultado após intervenção transcateter por meio de múltiplas modalidades ecocardiográficas.(AU)
Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Given that surgical treatment of TR alone has been associated with high mortality, transcatheter interventions in the tricuspid valve (TV) have been used for its treatment, with relatively lower risk. There is a delay in intervention for TR, and this is probably related to a limited understanding of the anatomy of the TV and the right ventricle, in addition to an underestimation of the severity of TR. In this scenario, it is necessary to have comprehensive anatomical knowledge of the TV, the pathophysiology involved in the mechanism of regurgitation, and more accurate grading. The TV has anatomical, histological, and spatial peculiarities that make its assessment more complex when compared to the mitral valve, requiring knowledge and training in the various echocardiographic techniques that will often be used in combination for accurate assessment. This review will describe the anatomy of the TV, the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis, grading, and pathophysiology involved in TR; the main transcatheter treatment options currently available for TR; and the assessment of outcomes after transcatheter intervention by means of multiple echocardiographic modalities.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Válvula Tricúspide/anatomía & histología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/fisiopatología , Derrame Pericárdico/complicaciones , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/mortalidad , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica/métodos , Ecocardiografía Doppler en Color/métodos , Ecocardiografía Tridimensional/métodos , Endocarditis/complicaciones , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Pericardial effusion is a common complication without a standard postoperative effusion treatment after cardiac surgery. The grooved negative pressure drainage tube has many advantages as the emerging alternative for drainage of pericardial effusion, such as it changes the structure of the traditional side hole, uses the capillary function to ensure drainage smooth, etc. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of transthoracic color Doppler ultrasound-guided grooved negative pressure drainage tube implantation in pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery. METHODS: All patients with pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery who underwent transthoracic color Doppler ultrasound-guided grooved negative pressure drainage tube implantation between January 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment results (including clinical symptoms, effusion volume, color Doppler ultrasonography, and computed tomography scan) were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this method. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients successfully underwent transthoracic color Doppler ultrasound-guided grooved negative pressure drainage tube implantation. After the operation, their symptoms (chest tightness, shortness of breath, etc.) were all relieved, and dark red or light red drainage fluid (> 200 ml) appeared in the newly placed drainage bottle. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed that the volume of pericardial effusion decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: The transthoracic color Doppler ultrasound-guided grooved negative pressure drainage tube is a safe and effective method for the treatment of postoperative pericardial effusion with less trauma, faster recovery, shorter in-hospital stay, and fewer complications.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Derrame Pericárdico , Humanos , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico por imagen , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Derrame Pericárdico/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Drenaje/métodosRESUMEN
Recurrent pericardial effusion is commonly encountered in neoplastic and infective disorders. Intervention is compulsory in patients with unstable hemodynamics and tamponading effusion. Surgical options include: pericardiocentesis, subxiphoid pericardiostomy, and pericardial window. The latter has proved to have lower incidence of recurrence; however, the technique has been continuously refined to improve the recurrence-free survival and decrease postoperative morbidity. We herein present a novel simple modification to minimize recurrence by anchoring the free edges of pericardial fenestration overlying the superior vena cava and right atrium to the chest wall. Follow-up showed no recurrence compared to 3.5% in the conventional procedure.
Asunto(s)
Derrame Pericárdico , Vena Cava Superior , Humanos , Vena Cava Superior/cirugía , Derrame Pericárdico/cirugía , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Técnicas de Ventana Pericárdica , Hemodinámica , Atrios Cardíacos/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Apresentar um raro caso de tumor de células granulares, também conhecido como tumor de Abrikossoff com acometimento pericárdico. Relato do caso: Paciente de 69 anos, com história de tumor de células granulares maligno, com lesão lombar ressecada em 1998 e paraesternal ressecada em 2000 e agora descobriu uma massa pericárdica. Refere dor torácica leve, dispneia aos mínimos esforços, perda ponderal importante por hiporexia, eventualmente rosto avermelhado sem edema. História de hipertensão, asma brônquica e tabagismo, 11 maços/ano. Murmúrio vesicular reduzido na base pulmonar direita, sibilos na ausculta pulmonar, bulhas hipofonéticas, circulação colateral visível em tórax. Discussão: Na ecocardiografia visualiza-se lesão homogênea, isoecogênica, de contornos imprecisos envolvendo o folheto pericárdico visceral das paredes inferior, ínfero-lateral e ântero-lateral do ventrículo esquerdo associado a derrame pericárdico moderado sem sinais de elevação da pressão intrapericárdica. Na tomografia computadorizada evidencia massa pericárdica, heterogênea, com áreas hipodensas de permeio, de limites imprecisos, associada a derrame pericárdico. Há também derrame pleural a direita. O diagnóstico histopatológico da lesão foi de tumor de células granulares, com comportamento maligno devido as atipias celulares. O aspecto histológico era semelhante as amostras anteriores da lesão lombar e paraesternal, podendo corresponder a metástase. Na imunohistoquímica mostrou a expressão da proteína S-100. O tumor de células granulares é um tumor incomum de partes moles, sendo que apenas 2% são malignos, os locais mais comuns são a língua e o dorso, sendo o acometimento pericárdico raríssimo. Suspeita que tenha origem neural, devido a expressão da proteína S-100. Comumente se manifesta como uma lesão nodular, medindo entre 1 e 2 cm de diâmetro. O tratamento preconizado é a remoção cirúrgica total da lesão. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de tumor de células granulares com acometimento pericárdico é difícil, mas deve ser considerado especialmente nos casos em que o paciente já apresenta o tumor em outras partes. O diagnóstico definitivo é histopatológico e os exames de imagem servem para guiar a biópsia e avaliar a extensão da doença
Objective: Report a rare case of granular cell tumor, also known as Abrikossoff's tumor with pericardial involvement. Case report: A 69-year-old patient with a history of malignant granular cell tumor. She had a lumbar lesion resected in 1998 and a parasternal lesion in 2000 and now she has discovered a pericardial mass. She reports mild chest pain, dyspnea on minimal exertion, significant weight loss due to hyporexia, sometimes reddened face without edema. History of hypertension, asthma and smoking, 11 packyears. Reduced breath sounds in the right lung base, wheezing on pulmonar auscultation, hypophonetic heart sounds, visible colateral circulation in the chest. Discussion: The echocardiography showed a homogeneous, isoechoic lesion with imprecise contours involving the visceral pericardium of the inferior, inferolateral and anterolateral walls of the left ventricle associated with moderate pericardial effusion. Computed tomography showed a heterogeneous pericardial mass with hypodense areas, imprecise limits, associated with pericardial effusion. There is also a right pleural effusion. The histopathological result was granular cell tumor with malignant behavior due to cytological atypia. The histological aspect was similar to previous samples of lumbar and parasternal lesion, possibly corresponding to metastasis. In immunohistochemistry showed expression of S-100 protein. Granular cell tumor is an uncommon soft tissue tumor, only 2% are malignant. The most common sites are the tongue and the back, while pericardial involvement is very rare. It is suspected that the lesion has a neural origin due to the expression of the S-100 protein. It commonly presents as a nodular lesion measuring between 1 and 2 cm in diameter. The recommended treatment is the total surgical removal of the lesion. Conclusion: The diagnosis of granular cell tumor with pericardial involvement is difficult, but it should be considered especially when the patient already has the tumor in other sites. The definitive diagnosis is histopathological and imaging tests are used to guide the biopsy and assess the extent of the disease
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pericárdico , Taponamiento Cardíaco , Tumor de Células Granulares , Neoplasias de los Músculos , Neoplasias CardíacasRESUMEN
Introducción. El trauma cardíaco penetrante es una patología con alta mortalidad, que alcanza hasta el 94 % en el ámbito prehospitalario y el 58 % en el intrahospitalario. El algoritmo internacional para los pacientes que ingresan con herida precordial, hemodinámicamente estables, es la realización de un FAST subxifoideo o una ventana pericárdica, según la disponibilidad del centro, y de ser positivo se procede con una toracotomía o esternotomía. Métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct y UpTodate, usando las palabras claves: "taponamiento cardíaco", "herida precordial" y "manejo no operatorio". Se tomaron los datos de la historia clínica y las imágenes, previa autorización del paciente. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino ingresó con herida en área precordial, estable hemodinámicamente, sin signos de sangrado activo, con FAST subxifoidea "dudosa". Se procedió a realizar ventana pericárdica, la cual fue positiva para hemopericardio de 150 ml; se evacuaron los coágulos del saco pericárdico, se introdujo sonda Nelaton 10 Fr para lavado con solución salina 500 ml, hasta obtener retorno de líquido claro. Frente al cese del sangrado y estabilidad del paciente se decidió optar por un manejo conservador, sin toracotomía. Conclusiones. No todos los casos de hemopericardio traumático por herida por arma cortopunzante requieren toracotomía. El manejo conservador con ventana pericárdica, drenaje de hemopericardio más lavado y dren es una opción en aquellos pacientes que se encuentran estables hemodinámicamente y no se evidencia sangrado activo posterior al drenaje del hemopericardio.
Introduction. Penetrating cardiac trauma is a pathology with high mortality, reaching up to 94% in the prehospital and 58% in the hospital settings. The international algorithm for patients who are admitted to the hospital with a precordial wound and who are hemodynamically stable is to perform a subxiphoid FAST echo or a pericardial window according to the availability of the center and, if positive, proceed to perform thoracotomy or sternotomy. Methods. A literature search was made in the Medline, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and UpTodate biomedical databases, using the keywords "cardiac tamponade", "precordial wound" and "non-operative management". The data was taken from the clinical history, the images and the surgical procedure. Clinical case. Male patient who was admitted to the emergency room due to a wound in the precordial area, hemodynamically stable without signs of active bleeding, with subxiphoid FAST that is reported as "doubtful". We proceeded to perform a pericardial window which is positive for 150 ml hemopericardium, evacuation of clots from the pericardial sac, inserted a 10 Fr Nelaton catheter and washed with 500 ml saline solution until the return of clear fluid was obtained. In view of the cessation of bleeding and the stability of the patient, it was decided to opt for a conservative management and not to perform a thoracotomy. Conclusions. Not all cases of traumatic hemopericardium from a sharp injury require thoracotomy. Conservative management with pericardial window drainage of the hemopericardium plus lavage and drain is an option in those patients who are hemodynamically stable and there is no evidence of active bleeding after drainage of the hemopericardium.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Derrame Pericárdico , Pericardio , Técnicas de Ventana Pericárdica , Heridas y Lesiones , Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos , Tratamiento ConservadorRESUMEN
Pericardial effusions refer to an excess accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity. The etiology is diverse, with most cases being idiopathic in nature. We report a case of suspected cannabis vaping-induced pericardial effusion in a 31-year-old South Asian patient, which was successfully managed with high-dose aspirin, colchicine therapy, and cannabis vaping cessation.Key Clinical Message: Clinicians should be aware of the possible cardiovascular complications of cannabis vaping.
Asunto(s)
Cannabis , Derrame Pericárdico , Vapeo , Humanos , Adulto , Vapeo/efectos adversos , Cannabis/efectos adversos , Derrame Pericárdico/etiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 infection has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including cardiovascular, including myocarditis and pericarditis. The prevalence and events associated with this condition still remain under analysis, as well as the repercussion of such complications after the viral infection. CASE DESCRIPTION: 74-year-old female patient, former smoker, bilateral carotid stenosis without hemodynamic repercussions, rheumatoid arthritis and diagnosis of viral pneumonia due to COVID-19 in January 2022. She was admitted, in March 2022, to a referral center in cardiovascular diseases, with a clinical picture of chest pain that worsened during inspiration with 2 months of evolution. Laboratory measurements of troponin and D-dimer within normal limits. Admission electrocardiogram suggestive of pericarditis. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTECT) revealed preserved biventricular function and pericardial effusion with a greater depth of 11.0 mm. Despite the optimized clinical treatment for the pericarditis, the patient evolved with clinical worsening and rapid evolution of the pericardial effusion initially evident, with a 30.0 mm blade and signs of hemodynamic repercussion, requiring urgent drainage. On the 1st postoperative day in the intensive care unit, the patient evolved with severe acute biventricular dysfunction and need for vasoactive drugs, without response to the established clinical measures, progressing to death. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underlying pericarditis and pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19, as well as its clinical significance remains the subject of clinical research. Thus, knowing risk factors and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications related to COVID-19 are sine qua non conditions for understanding the clinical presentation, prognosis and therapeutic management.
Asunto(s)
Derrame Pericárdico , Pericarditis , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , COVID-19RESUMEN
Introduction: Alcohol neurolysis of splanchnic nerves is a valuable tool for treating visceral intractable pain from the upper abdomen in cancer patients. It is a safe and effective procedure, yet not risk free. It's most common adverse effects are mild and self-limited. Materials: We present a case of a 72-year old woman suffering from pancreatic cancer with intractable pain despite opioid use. Alcohol neurolysis of splanchnic nerves was indicated after hospital admission. Results: After the procedure pain was subdued, yet hypoxemia, pleural and pericardial effusion developed. Frequent causes for these events were ruled out. The patient was discharged 24 hours after with adequate pain control. Conclusions: Hypoxemia, pleural and pericardial effusion after alcohol neurolysis of splanchnic nerves is infrequent. These findings are likely to be linked to the effect of alcohol.
Introducción: La neurolisis o alcoholización de los nervios esplácnicos es una valiosa herramienta para el tratamiento del dolor visceral del abdomen superior de origen neoplásico en pacientes con mala respuesta a tratamiento por vía oral. Es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo, aunque no exento de riesgos. Sus efectos adversos más frecuentes son leves y autolimitados. Materiales: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 72 años con cáncer de páncreas y mal manejo del dolor pese al consumo de opioides. Se le indico neurolisis de los nervios esplácnicos bajo internación. Resultados: Post procedimiento presentó buen manejo del dolor, sin embargo evolucionó con hipoxemia, derrame pleural bilateral y pericárdico. Se descartaron causas frecuentes de estos eventos. La paciente fue dada de alta a las 24 hs con buen manejo del dolor. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de hipoxemia, derrame pleural bilateral y pericárdico posterior a la neurolisis de los nervios esplácnicos es una complicación infrecuente. Estos hallazgos probablemente se encuentren vinculados al efecto del alcohol.
Asunto(s)
Dolor Intratable , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Derrame Pericárdico , Anciano , Analgésicos Opioides , Etanol , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoxia/complicaciones , Dolor Intratable/etiología , Dolor Intratable/terapia , Derrame Pericárdico/complicacionesRESUMEN
Pericardial effusions requiring pericardiocentesis have multiple causes that vary among geographical regions and health contexts. This procedure can be performed for diagnostic or therapeutic indications. The purpose of this study was to identify the principal causes of pericardial effusions and indications for pericardiocentesis, exploring differences among groups. This was a retrospective case series of patients who underwent pericardiocentesis for pericardial effusion in a single center in Latin America. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural variables were recorded and analyzed. The primary outcome was to determine the causes of pericardial effusions in these patients and the indication (diagnostic, therapeutic, or both). The results are presented in two groups (inflammatory and noninflammatory) according to the cause of the pericardial effusion. One hundred sixteen patients with pericardial effusion underwent pericardiocentesis. The median age was 58 years (IQR 46.2-70.7), and 50% were male. In the noninflammatory pericardial effusion group, there were 61 cases (53%), among which neoplastic pericardial effusion was the most frequent cause (n = 25, 40.9%). In the inflammatory group, there were 55 cases (47%), and the main cause was postpericardiectomy syndrome after cardiac surgery (n = 31, 56.4%). In conclusion, the principal indication for pericardiocentesis was therapeutic (n = 66, 56.8%). Large pericardial effusion without hemodynamic effect of cardiac tamponade was significantly more frequent in the inflammatory group (p = 0.03). The principal cause of pericardial effusion in patients who underwent pericardiocentesis was postpericardiectomy syndrome after cardiac surgery, followed by neoplastic pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis is mainly a therapeutic procedure.
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Taponamiento Cardíaco , Derrame Pericárdico , Taponamiento Cardíaco/etiología , Taponamiento Cardíaco/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pericárdico/etiología , Derrame Pericárdico/cirugía , Pericardiocentesis/efectos adversos , Pericardiocentesis/métodos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) can lead to severe respiratory distress and acute cardiac injury, but it is unclear how often it can cause cardiac dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the main echocardiographic findings in patients with Covid-19. METHODS: We systematically searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane databases, in addition MedRxiv and Scielo preprints from inception to July 21st, 2021. Studies reporting echocardiographic data in patients with Covid-19 were included. Demographic characteristics, previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), and echocardiographic findings were extracted. We performed a meta-analysis of proportions to estimate the main echocardiographic findings. The level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: From 11,233 studies, 38 fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated proportions of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction were 25% (95%CI: 19, 31; I293%), abnormal global longitudinal strain 34% (95% CI 23, 45; I290%), righ ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction 17% (95%CI 13, 21; I290%), pericardial effusion 17% (95%CI: 9, 26; I297%), and pulmonary hypertension 23% (95%CI: 15, 33, I2 96%). LV systolic dysfunction was directly associated with study-specific prevalence of previous abnormal echocardiogram (p<0.001). The proportion of patients in mechanical ventilation, indicating severity of disease, did not explain the heterogeneity in the proportions of LV dysfunction (p=0.37). CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized patients with Covid-19, LV dysfunction has been reported in one quarter, with smaller proportions of right ventricular dysfunction, pericardial effusion and pulmonary hypertension. However, there was a higher proportion of LV dysfunction among studies reporting the presence of prior heart disease, which suggests that cardiac dysfunction was mostly pre-existing.
FUNDAMENTOS: A doença do coronavírus 2019 (Covid-19) pode levar à insuficiência respiratória grave e lesão cardíaca aguda, mas não está claro com que frequência ela pode causar disfunção cardíaca. OBJETIVOS: Nesta revisão sistemática, nosso objetivo foi resumir os principais achados ecocardiográficos em pacientes com Covid-19. MÉTODOS: Conduzimos uma busca sistemática nos bancos de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS e Cochrane, além de artigos não pulicados ( preprints ) no MedRxiv e Scielo desde o início até 21 de julho de 2021. Foram incluídos estudos que apresentaram dados ecocardiográficos de pacientes com Covid-19. Características demográficas, doença cardiovascular (DCV) prévia, e achados ecocardiográficos foram extraídos dos estudos. Realizamos uma metanálise de proporções para estimar os principais achados ecocardiográficos. O nível de significância foi p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Do total de 11 233 estudos, 38 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na metanálise. A proporção estimada de disfunção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) foi 25% (IC95%: 19, 31; I2 93%), strain longitudinal global anormal 34% (IC95% 23, 45; I2 90%), disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direito (VD) 17% (IC95% 13, 21; I2 90%), derrame pericárdico 17% (IC95%: 9, 26; I2 97%), e hipertensão pulmonar 23% (IC95%: 15, 33, I2 96%). Disfunção sistólica do VE foi diretamente associada com prevalência de ecocardiograma anormal prévio nos estudos (p<0,001). A proporção de pacientes em ventilação mecânica, indicando gravidade da doença, não explicou a heterogeneidade nas proporções de disfunção do VE (p=0,37). CONCLUSÃO: Entre os pacientes internados com Covid-19, a disfunção ventricular esquerda foi descrita em um quarto dos pacientes, com menores proporções de disfunção do ventrículo direito, derrame pericárdico e hipertensão pulmonar. No entanto, houve uma proporção mais alta de disfunção do VE nos estudos que relataram presença de doença cardíaca prévia, sugerindo que a disfunção cardíaca era predominantemente pré-existente.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Derrame Pericárdico , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagen , Ecocardiografía , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/complicaciones , Derrame Pericárdico/complicacionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of pericardial effusion in hospitalized children and evaluate risk factors associated with the drainage of pericardial effusion and hospital mortality. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of a national pediatric discharge database. RESULTS: We analyzed hospitalized pediatric patients from the neonatal age through 20 years in the Kids' Inpatient Database 2016, extracting the cases of pericardial effusion. Of the 6â266â285 discharged patients recorded, 6417 (0.1%) were diagnosed with pericardial effusion, with the highest prevalence of 2153 patients in teens (13-20 years of age). Pericardial effusion was drained in 792 (12.3%), and the adjusted risk of pericardial drainage was statistically low with rheumatologic diagnosis (OR, 0.485; 95% CI, 0.358-0.657, P < .001). The overall mortality in children with pericardial effusion was 6.8% and 10.9% of those who required pericardial effusion drainage (P < .001). The adjusted risk of mortality was statistically high with solid organ tumor (OR, 1.538; 95% CI, 1.056-2.239, P = .025) and pericardial drainage (OR, 1.430; 95% CI, 1.067-1.915, P = .017) and low in all other age groups compared with neonates, those with cardiac structural diagnosis (OR, 0.322; 95% CI, 0.212-0.489, P < .001), and those with rheumatologic diagnosis (OR, 0.531; 95% CI, 0.334-0.846, P = .008). CONCLUSION: The risk of mortality in hospitalized children with pericardial effusion was higher in younger children with solid organ tumors and those who required pericardial effusion drainage. In contrast, it was lower in older children with cardiac or rheumatologic diagnoses.