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AIMS: Suicide prevention strategies have shifted in many countries, from a national approach to one that is regionally tailored and responsive to local community needs. Previous Australian studies support this approach. However, most studies have focused on suicide deaths which may not fully capture a complete understanding of prevention needs, and few have focused on the priority population of youth. This was the first nationwide study to examine regional variability of self-harm prevalence and related factors in Australian young people. METHODS: A random sample of Australian adolescents (12-17-year-olds) were recruited as part of the Young Minds Matter (YMM) survey. Participants completed self-report questions on self-harm (i.e., non-suicidal self-harm and suicide attempts) in the previous 12 months. Using mixed effects regressions, an area-level model was built with YMM and Census data to produce out-of-sample small area predictions for self-harm prevalence. Spatial unit of analysis was Statistical Area Level 1 (average population 400 people), and all prevalence estimates were updated to 2019. RESULTS: Across Australia, there was large variability in youth self-harm prevalence estimates. Northern Territory, Western Australia, and South Australia had the highest estimated state prevalence. Psychological distress and depression were factors which best predicted self-harm at an individual level. At an area-level, the strongest predictor was a high percentage of single unemployed parents, while being in an area where ≥30% of parents were born overseas was associated with reduced odds of self-harm. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified characteristics of regions with lower and higher youth self-harm risk. These findings should assist governments and communities with developing and implementing regionally appropriate youth suicide prevention interventions and initiatives.
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Factores Protectores , Conducta Autodestructiva , Prevención del Suicidio , Humanos , Adolescente , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Prevalencia , Femenino , Masculino , Australia/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Niño , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Análisis Espacial , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicologíaRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the dynamic patterns of perception and expectations among COPD patients. Methods: Conducted at the Heart-Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, in Milan, Italy, the research involved 28 participants (16 males; mean age 72.8 ± 9.9) in face-to-face interviews. Utilizing a Grounded Theory approach, complemented by clinical data, recorded, and transcribed interviews underwent enhancement through the integration of two pictorial tools. Results: The central theme that emerged was a profound sense of responsibility toward their condition, perceived as a significant threat to life. Key symptoms, such as shortness of breath, coupled with negative expectations about their condition, contributed to depressive mood and avoidance behaviors. A notable proportion (N = 17; 60.71%) of participants struggled to envision a positive future, expressing a pervasive sense of hopelessness, which significantly influenced their health behaviors and adherence to medical recommendations. Conversely, individuals who felt supported and optimistic about treatment efficacy exhibited more positive expectations and adopted proactive coping strategies. Discussion: Recognizing the dynamic nature of patients' perceptions and negative illness expectations is essential to create personalized therapeutic interventions and meet the specific needs of COPD patients, ultimately improving the overall effectiveness of their care journey.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Teoría Fundamentada , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/psicología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Disnea/psicología , Disnea/etiología , Disnea/terapia , Investigación Cualitativa , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Percepción , Entrevistas como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While it is recognized that social support can alleviate mental health symptoms, this relationship is not well-understood among Chinese pregnant and parenting immigrants in the United States. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationships between different types of social support and women's anxiety and depression, and examining how these associations vary with pregnancy status. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Simplified Chinese or Mandarin between March-June 2021 among 526 women who were pregnant and/or parenting a child under five years. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support scales were used to measure anxiety, depression, and social support levels. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlations were employed for analysis. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of social support types and pregnancy status on mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women reported higher mean scores for anxiety (non-pregnant: 55, pregnant: 59, p < 0.01) and depression (non-pregnant: 54, pregnant: 56, p = 0.02). Instrumental support displayed a significant main effect in relation to anxiety (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01) and depression (ß=-0.16, p < 0.01); emotional support exhibited a significant main effect solely on depression (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01). Notably, the interaction effects between pregnancy status and both instrumental (ß=-0.28, p = 0.01) and emotional support (ß=-0.42, p < 0.01) were significant for anxiety. In contrast, informational support did not exhibit a significant impact on either anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that tailoring support to the cultural context is crucial, especially for pregnant women in this Chinese immigrant community, with instrumental and emotional support being particularly beneficial in mitigating maternal anxiety.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Salud Mental , Responsabilidad Parental , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etnología , China/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Estados Unidos , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/etnología , Adulto Joven , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Effective medication adherence is vital for managing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and enhancing patient well-being. This study aimed to evaluate medication adherence levels and associated factors among AMI patients using standardized assessment tools. METHODS: Employing a cross-sectional descriptive design, the study involved 210 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Participants completed the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and provided socio-demographic details. RESULTS: The study revealed partial adherence to medications among AMI patients, with mean scores of 24.89 (± 3.64) out of 33. Notably, good adherence was observed in non-adherence due to patient behavior (mean ± SD = 11.8 ± 2.3 out of 15) and additional disease burden (mean ± SD = 8.65 ± 2.21 out of 12), while partial adherence was noted in non-adherence due to financial constraints (mean ± SD = 4.44 ± 1.34 out of 6). Patients reported mild anxiety (mean ± SD = 8.38 ± 2.81) and no depressive symptoms (mean ± SD = 7.43 ± 2.42). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that employed status, younger age, shorter duration of MI, lower anxiety, and depression levels were associated with higher medication adherence. However, factors such as monthly income, gender, educational level, and marital status did not predict medication adherence. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the significance of addressing anxiety and depression levels and considering socio-demographic factors when designing interventions to enhance medication adherence among AMI patients. Further research is needed to explore additional determinants of medication adherence and develop tailored interventions to improve patient outcomes post-AMI.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/psicología , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/psicología , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , AdultoRESUMEN
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated infection control measures have introduced significant uncertainty, and the unbearable nature of this uncertainty has heightened the risk of mental health issues among college students. This study aimed to assess the impact of unbearable uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' depression and investigate the mediating role of coping strategies between unbearable uncertainty and depression. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 714 Chinese university students using the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), Brief Coping Style Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). SPSS PROCESS was used for the partial correlation analyses and structural equation modeling. (1) Negative coping strategies were significantly positively correlated with intolerable uncertainty and depressive symptoms, while positive coping strategies were negatively correlated with both intolerable uncertainty and depressive symptoms. Intolerable uncertainty was significantly and positively correlated with depressive symptoms. (2) Intolerance to uncertainty significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Both negative and positive coping strategies played parallel mediating roles in the relationship between unbearable uncertainty and depressive symptoms among college students. This study found that coping strategies played a mediating role in the relationship between unbearable uncertainty and depression during the pandemic in 2019. Future research and interventions should focus on enhancing tolerance of uncertainty and promoting positive coping strategies.
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Adaptación Psicológica , COVID-19 , Depresión , Estudiantes , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Incertidumbre , Masculino , Femenino , Estudiantes/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Universidades , Adulto Joven , China/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pandemias , Adulto , Adolescente , Salud Mental , Habilidades de AfrontamientoRESUMEN
Despite established associations between discrimination and mental health, little research has focused on gender expression discrimination and integrated individual strengths such as transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) identity pride. This study examined the roles of gender expression discrimination and pride in mental health among TGE adults across gender identity, race, and class. A national sample of TGE adults (N = 212) completed online measures assessing gender identity, race, income, gender expression-related discrimination, TGE identity pride, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Gender expression discrimination was positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC), higher income, transfeminine participants reported more gender expression discrimination. High TGE identity pride buffered the association between gender expression discrimination and depression-most robustly for BIPOC, lower income, transfeminine participants. TGE identity pride may buffer the effects of gender expression discrimination on depression. Intersectionality in case formulation and treatment planning with TGE individuals is vital.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Identidad de Género , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , SexismoRESUMEN
Existing research supports the therapeutic value of hope in different therapies and for diverse patient groups. Patients who are socially inhibited tend to have a particularly difficult time in group therapy, and the experience of hope in that context may be especially poignant for them. The present study investigated the impact of hope on the outcome of a group-based treatment and whether this impact differed for patients depending on their level of social inhibition. The sample consisted of 49 consecutively admitted patients who completed treatment in an intensive, integrative group therapy program. Patients completed four self-report measures to assess hope, social inhibition, quality of life, and depression. Regression with moderation analysis was employed. The analyses revealed that social inhibition significantly moderated the impact of hope on treatment outcome, indicating that hope had a more pronounced effect among those patients with relatively higher levels of social inhibition.
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Esperanza , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibición Psicológica , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/psicologíaRESUMEN
Excessive parental psychological control may disrupt individuals' psychosocial development, thus influencing later psychological problems. The present study tests a retrospectively worded Parental Control and Disrespect Scale (PCDS) to examine factor structure and model fit as well as associations with individuation-related difficulties and negative affect. Study measures were completed by 482 adults at a single time-point. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested acceptable model fit of the retrospectively worded PCDS. PCDS scores were significantly associated with dysfunctional individuation, depressive symptoms, and generalized shame and guilt, remaining significant after controlling for age, gender, and neuroticism. Moderation analysis indicated certain associations as stronger among female participants, such that dysfunctional individuation was lower at decreased levels of parental control among women, while generalized guilt was higher at increased parental control among women. Findings support the retrospective use of the PCDS, indicating links between parental psychological control, individuation-related difficulties, and negative affect problems.
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Depresión , Culpa , Individualismo , Vergüenza , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Depresión/psicología , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Adolescente , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos , AncianoRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the current status of physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu,Sichuan and explore the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Methods Multi-stage proportional stratified random sampling was employed to select middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years as the participants,and face-to-face interviews were carried out to collect data.Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.The trend test was performed for the relationship between different levels of physical activity and depressive symptoms.The subgroup analysis and the test for multiplicative interactions were conducted for the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Results A total of 4376 middle-aged and older adults were included.Among them,14.58% (638/4376),25.98% (1137/4376),and 27.83% (1218/4376) had depressive symptoms,failed to reach the guideline-recommended standards of physical activity,and were at low levels of physical activity,respectively.There was a negative association between reaching guideline-recommended physical activity standard and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults (OR=0.713,95%CI=0.589-0.861,P<0.001).In addition,moderate levels (OR=0.714,95%CI=0.586-0.871,P=0.001) and high levels of physical activity (OR=0.705,95%CI=0.548-0.906,P=0.006) had negative associations with the presence of depressive symptoms.The trend test revealed that the negative association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults enhanced as the level of physical activity increased (Pfor trend=0.001).The subgroup analysis and the test for multiplicative interactions revealed that neither reaching guideline-recommended physical activity standards or not nor the physical activity level had an interaction with each of the subgroups (all Pfor interaction>0.05). Conclusion The current status of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu,Sichuan needs to be ameliorated.A negative association existed between reaching the guideline-recommended physical activity standard and presence of depressive symptoms,and the negative association enhanced as the physical activity level elevated.
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Depresión , Humanos , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Ejercicio Físico , Actividad Motora , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Objective: To understand the occupational stress and mental health status of hospital infection prevention and control practitioner (HIPCPs) in medical institutions, and analyze their main influencing factors. Methods: In November 2021, 550 nosocomial infection managers in Tianjin were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using the Concise Occupational Stress Questionnaire, Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). 497 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the total recovery efficiency was 90.36%. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression method were used to analyze the main influencing factors of occupational stress and mental health status of psychiatric managers. Results: The detection rate of anxiety and depression among 497 HIPCPs was 22.73% (113/497) and 58.95% (293/497), respectively. Gender and major were the influencing factors of depression (P=0.000, 0.001). Average working hours>52 hours per week and night shift days>1 days per week were the influencing factors of anxiety (P=0.035, 0.014). Average working hours>52 h per week, night shift days >1 d per week and different majors were the influencing factors of occupational stress (P=0.000, 0.025, 0.010). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the risk of anxiety in those who worked more than 52 hours per week was 1.753 times that of those who worked less than 52 hours per week (P=0.038), and the risk of depression in women was 3.071 times that of men (P=0.006) . Conclusion: Working hours are an important influencing factor for occupational stress and anxiety among HIPCPs. In order to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress and mental health problems, it is necessary to strengthen psychological counseling for HIPCPs and balance work and rest.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Estrés Laboral , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Adulto , Estrés Laboral/psicología , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Salud Mental , China/epidemiología , Análisis Multivariante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Frailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome associated with physical, psychological and social changes. There is a paucity of research on frailty in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, especially Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES: To assess the initial correlations among frailty, nutritional status, depression and QOL (quality of life) in a group of older people in Ethiopia who are later enrolled in a study examining the effects of a nurse-led community intervention on frailty and related health outcomes. METHODS: Data from 68 community-dwelling individuals 60 years of age, or over, were collected. Frailty was measured using the Amharic version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. The statistical analysis included Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for degrees of association, Mann-Whitney U-test for variables with two categories and Kruskal-Wallis for variables with three or more categories. RESULTS: The mean frailty score for participants was 7.3 (±1.9). Participants with higher frailty scores had lower nutritional status (rs = -0.46, p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant relationship (positive) between frailty scores and depression (rs = 0.39, p < 0.01). Depressed (Md = 9, n = 23) and non-depressed frail older people (Md = 7, n = 45) showed a significant difference in their overall frailty score, U = 330.50, z = -2.49, p = 0.01, r = 0.30. There was an inverse significant association between the level of frailty across different domains in the QOL: physical (rs = -0.44, p < 0.01), psychological (rs = -0.45, p < 0.01), social relations (rs = -0.29, p < 0.05) and environmental (rs = -0.47, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study were consistent with those from across middle-income and high-income countries. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This research indicates that older people living in communities who are identified as frail often suffer from a poor nutritional status, depression and reduced QOL. It suggests that healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan countries would benefit from recognising the frailty in this population, and developing interventions aimed at enhancing nutrition, mental health and overall well-being.
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Depresión , Anciano Frágil , Fragilidad , Evaluación Geriátrica , Estado Nutricional , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Etiopía/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Anciano Frágil/psicología , Vida IndependienteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Burnout, anxiety, and depression continue to affect physicians, postgraduate medical trainees, and medical students globally and in Canada particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this project is to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate a daily supportive SMS text messaging program (Wellness4MDs, Global Psychological e-Health Foundation). The program aims to reduce the prevalence and severity of burnout, anxiety, and depression symptoms among physicians, postgraduate medical trainees, and medical students in Canada. METHODS: This longitudinal study represents a multistakeholder, mixed methods, multiyear implementation science project. Project evaluation will be conducted through a quantitative prospective longitudinal approach using a paired sample comparison, a naturalistic cross-sectional controlled design, and satisfaction surveys. Prevalence estimates for psychological problems would be based on baseline data from self-completed validated rating scales. Additional data will be collected at designated time points for paired comparison. Outcome measures will be assessed using standardized rating scales, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory for burnout symptoms, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression symptoms, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale for anxiety symptoms, and the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. RESULTS: The project launched in the last quarter of 2023, and program evaluation results will become available within 36 months. The Wellness4MDs program is expected to reduce the prevalence and severity of psychological problems among physicians in Canada and achieve high subscriber satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the Wellness4MDs project evaluation will provide key information regarding the effectiveness of daily supportive SMS text messages and links to mental health resources on these mental health parameters in Canadian physicians, postgraduate trainees, and medical students. Information will be useful for informing policy and decision-making concerning psychological interventions for physicians in Canada. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/44368.
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Agotamiento Profesional , COVID-19 , Médicos , Estudiantes de Medicina , Envío de Mensajes de Texto , Humanos , Canadá/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Médicos/psicología , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Agotamiento Profesional/epidemiología , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Salud Mental , Femenino , Masculino , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Specialized studies have shown that smartphone-based social interaction data are predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, at times during the COVID-19 pandemic, social interaction took place primarily remotely. To appropriately test these objective data for their added value for epidemiological research during the pandemic, it is necessary to include established predictors. OBJECTIVE: Using a comprehensive model, we investigated the extent to which smartphone-based social interaction data contribute to the prediction of depressive and anxiety symptoms, while also taking into account well-established predictors and relevant pandemic-specific factors. METHODS: We developed the Corona Health App and obtained participation from 490 Android smartphone users who agreed to allow us to collect smartphone-based social interaction data between July 2020 and February 2021. Using a cross-sectional design, we automatically collected data concerning average app use in terms of the categories video calls and telephony, messenger use, social media use, and SMS text messaging use, as well as pandemic-specific predictors and sociodemographic covariates. We statistically predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms using elastic net regression. To exclude overfitting, we used 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: The amount of variance explained (R2) was 0.61 for the prediction of depressive symptoms and 0.57 for the prediction of anxiety symptoms. Of the smartphone-based social interaction data included, only messenger use proved to be a significant negative predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Video calls were negative predictors only for depressive symptoms, and SMS text messaging use was a negative predictor only for anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the relevance of smartphone-based social interaction data in predicting depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, even taken together in the context of a comprehensive model with well-established predictors, the data only add a small amount of value.
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Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Depresión , Aplicaciones Móviles , Teléfono Inteligente , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Alemania/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Interacción Social , Envío de Mensajes de Texto/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
While the association between migration and deteriorated refugee mental health is well-documented, existing research overwhelmingly centers on adult populations, leaving a discernible gap in our understanding of the factors influencing mental health for forcibly displaced children. This focus is particularly noteworthy considering the estimated 43.3 million children who are forcibly displaced globally. Little is known regarding the association between family processes, parental and child wellbeing for this population. This study addresses these gaps by examining the relationship between parental mental health and child mental health among refugees experiencing transmigration. We conducted in-person structured survey interviews with 120 parent-adolescent dyads living in the Trichy refugee camp in Tamil Nadu, India. Descriptive, multivariate analysis (hierarchical regression), and Machine Learning Algorithm (XGBOOST) were conducted to determine the best predictors and their importance for child depressive symptoms. The results confirm parental mental health and child behavioral and emotional factors are significant predictors of child depressive symptoms. While our linear model did not reveal a statistically significant association between child mental health and family functioning, results from XGBOOST highlight the substantial importance of family functioning in contributing to child depressive symptoms. The study's findings amplify the critical need for mental health resources for both parents and children, as well as parenting interventions inside refugee camps.
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Salud Mental , Campos de Refugiados , Refugiados , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Refugiados/psicología , India , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Aprendizaje Automático , Padres/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos LinealesRESUMEN
The prevalence of depression is a major societal health concern, and there is an ongoing need to develop tools that predict who will become depressed. Past research suggests that depression changes the language we use, but it is unclear whether language is predictive of worsening symptoms. Here, we test whether the sentiment of brief written linguistic responses predicts changes in depression. Across two studies (N = 467), participants provided responses to neutral open-ended questions, narrating aspects of their lives relevant to depression (e.g., mood, motivation, sleep). Participants also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms and a risky decision-making task with periodic measurements of momentary happiness to quantify mood dynamics. The sentiment of written responses was evaluated by human raters (N = 470), Large Language Models (LLMs; ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0), and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) tool. We found that language sentiment evaluated by human raters and LLMs, but not LIWC, predicted changes in depressive symptoms at a three-week follow-up. Using computational modeling, we found that language sentiment was associated with current mood, but language sentiment predicted symptom changes even after controlling for current mood. In summary, we demonstrate a scalable tool that combines brief written responses with sentiment analysis by AI tools that matches human performance in the prediction of future psychiatric symptoms.
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Depresión , Lenguaje , Humanos , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Afecto/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This data resource provides evidence concerning the prevalence of perceptual alterations of emotional faces amongst individuals experiencing symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, mania, psychotic experiences, and schizotypal tendencies. More specifically, we explored the categorisation accuracy (whether the displayed emotion was correctly identified), misperception (which emotion an incorrect judgment was perceived to be), intensity (extent of the emotion signal strength) and emotional valence (the extent and direction of perceived affect) of six facial expressions of emotion from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database. Complete data from N = 572 respondents are included. The dataset is available to other researchers and is provided on Figshare. Information concerning the data records, usage notes, code availability and technical validation are presented. Finally, we present demographic and correlational data concerning psychiatric symptoms and alterations in the perception of emotional faces.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Emociones , Expresión Facial , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicología , Manía/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders still rank as leading causes of morbidity worldwide despite increasing awareness and improvements in treatment. Notably, low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, are disproportionately affected by such disorders. The burden of depressive symptoms in these countries is particularly high among students, aggravated by poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate public health governance, yet it is clearly under-researched, making it hard to achieve several of UN Sustainability Development Goals. Current treatment options are insufficient to tackle the increased burden of depressive disease. This is more challenging for low-resource regions especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting the need for alternative treatments that can swiftly be applied if proven effective. The main aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is therefore to examine if a low-cost healthy diet (based on local Ugandan foods) combined with easy-to access mindfulness cognitive therapy can reduce depressive symptoms among university students in Uganda. METHODS: We will recruit female and male students at Makerere University, the largest public university in Uganda, to an open, intention-to-treat, two-armed RCT. Those who score above a predefined threshold on a self-reported assessment of depressive symptoms, measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression score (CES-D), are eligible for study inclusion and will be randomized to either an intervention (n = 125) or a control (n = 125) group. The intervention group will receive educational group-based sessions on how to prepare a Mediterranean-type of healthy diet and how to adhere to the principles of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Outcome measures include self-reported depression symptoms, quality of life, and dietary intakes. In addition we will perform a cost-effectiveness analysis. The RCT intervention will last 9 months, followed by additional 15 months with regular data collections. DISCUSSION: We here describe a novel approach to treat depressive symptoms among university students living in resource constraint settings, by combining a healthy diet with low threshold psychotherapy. If this intervention succeeds, our project can be viewed as a step towards evidence-based behavior practices for young adults with a common mental disorder (depression) that are beneficial to public mental health initiatives and management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The RCT is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05848973). The date of registration was August 14, 2023.
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Depresión , Dieta Saludable , Atención Plena , Estudiantes , Humanos , Atención Plena/métodos , Uganda , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/prevención & control , Depresión/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Universidades , Masculino , Femenino , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta Saludable/psicología , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Pragmáticos como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In China, parents who have lost their only child are referred to as Shidu parents (SDPs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and investigate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the development of PTSD. METHOD: Four hundred and thirty-six SDPs completed assessments of PTSD (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SCID-IV; The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-IV, CAPS-IV), depression (Hamilton depression scale), and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) via in-person interviews. Logistic regression and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association of demographic characteristics, depression, and anxiety symptoms with PTSD. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD in SDPs was 14.45%. The comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms was 87.30% in the SDPs with PTSD. The logistic regression model, which included factors of gender, age, education, depression, and anxiety, which contributed to the development of PTSD, was significant [χ² (11) = 122.47, p < 0.001]. The hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that female gender and the severity of comorbidities (depression and anxiety) were positively associated with the severity of PTSD. CONCLUSION: This study found that the severity of depression and anxiety was closely related to the severity of PTSD, supporting that SDPs are highly prone to the co-occurrence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety after bereavement. Our findings may provide more insights into the development of individualized interventions for parents who have experienced the loss of their only child.
Asunto(s)
Padres , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , China/epidemiología , Adulto , Padres/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Hijo Único/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Comorbilidad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , NiñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and motherhood are very valuable but challenging for women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Given that there are limited studies in this field, this study aimed to determine the social determinants of health on attitudes toward childbearing among women with MS. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 206 women with MS in Alborz province, Iran, from February to June 2023 using convenience sampling. The data were collected using the questionnaire, and a linear regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 36.80 ± 6.50 years. Participants' Attitudes toward Fertility and Childbearing (PAFC) had a positive significant association with social support (B = .10, SE = .04, p = .023) and a significant negative association with the total score of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (B = -.13, SE = .06, p = .047) and depression (B = -.40, SE = .18, p = .023). However, the association between anxiety (B = -.25, SE = .20, p = .211), stress (B = -.36, SE = .18, p = .050), MS severity (B = .04, SE = .30, p = .890), and socioeconomic status scale (SES) (B = -.08, SE = .32, p = .806) was nonsignificant with PAFC. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that factors, including social support and mental health especially depression, can affect PAFC in women with MS. Therefore, it is necessary to determine specific strategies for policymakers to help MS patients manage pregnancy and motherhood.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Irán , Embarazo , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , ActitudRESUMEN
There is evidence that vaccine acceptability is strongly associated with mental health. However, no studies assessing intention to vaccinate (ITV) intention toward children of military parents have been documented. The current research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors of ITV children against COVID-19 in military parents in Lambayeque-Peru, 2021. Analysis was conducted with the dependent variable ITV children reported by military parents. The independent variables were history of mental health, searching for mental health support, food insecurity, resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, posttraumatic stress, and suicidal risk. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Of 201 military personnel evaluated, 92.5% were male, 82.5% were of the Catholic faith, and the median age was 40.9% of respondents reported seeking mental health help during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was reported anxiety (20.3%), depression (6.5%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (6.5%). Most reported ITV in children against COVID-19 (93%). In the multiple models, we found that Catholics had a 23% higher prevalence of ITV in the children where PR = prevalence ratios and CI = confidence intervals (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.50). Likewise, seeking mental health support increased the prevalence of ITV by 8% (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.15). Seeking mental health support and belonging to the Catholic faith had a higher ITV of children of Peruvian military personnel. Finding mental health support, experiencing burnout syndrome, having a relative who suffers from mental health problems, and being part of the Catholic religion were associated with a higher willingness to immunize the children of Peruvian military members.