RESUMEN
The mechanisms accounting for the loss of muscle function with obesity and type 2 diabetes are likely the result of a combination of neural and muscular factors. One muscular factor that is important, yet has received little attention, is the protein machinery involved in longitudinal and lateral force transmission. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of force transfer and membrane integrity proteins before and after a 12-week endurance training program in lean, obese, and obese type 2 diabetic adults. Nineteen sedentary subjects (male = 8 and female = 11) were divided into three groups: Lean (n = 7; 50.3 ± 4.1 y; 69.1 ± 7.2 kg); Obese (n = 6; 49.8 ± 4.1 y; 92.9 ± 19.5 kg); and Obese with type 2 diabetes (n = 6; 51.5 ± 7.9 years; 88.9 ± 15.1 kg). Participants trained 150 min/week between 55% and 75% of VO2max for 12 weeks. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before and after the training intervention. Baseline dystrophin and muscle LIM protein levels were higher (~50% p < .01) in lean compared to obese and type 2 diabetic adults, while the protein levels of the remaining force transfer and membrane integrity proteins were similar between groups. After training, obese individuals decreased (-53%; p < .01) the levels of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein and lean individuals decreased dystrophin levels (-45%; p = .01), while the levels of the remaining force transfer and membrane integrity proteins were not affected by training. These results suggest that there are modest changes to force transfer and membrane integrity proteins in middle-aged individuals as a result of 12 weeks of lifestyle and training interventions.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Entrenamiento Aeróbico/métodos , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Delgadez/metabolismo , Ancirinas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Distrofina/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Obesidad/patología , Obesidad/terapia , Delgadez/patología , Delgadez/terapiaRESUMEN
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la influencia de factores sociales, específicamente de vínculos cercanos (madre, padre y pareja), sobre la vivencia del cuerpo en mujeres jóvenes con peso normal y con obesidad. Se realizó una investigación exploratoria cualitativa y se analizaron los datos a través de codificación abierta, basada en la Teoría Fundamentada. La muestra estuvo conformada por ocho mujeres, cuatro con obesidad mórbida y cuatro normopeso, entre 20 y 25 años. Los resultados confirman que la insatisfacción corporal está presente en todas las participantes independiente de su peso corporal. Las personas cercanas ejercen presión por la delgadez, la madre estaría más centrada en lo estético, mientras el padre expresaría mayor preocupación por la salud. Las participantes se muestran vulnerables a los mensajes contradictorios de la pareja, generando inseguridad. Sin embargo, la presión de los vínculos cercanos no sería suficiente para generar cambios de hábitos. Se observa ambivalencia entre la valoración de un cuerpo delgado y otro curvilíneo, ideales que se superponen y generan malestar.
The objective of this study was to describe the influence of social factors, specifically close affective bonds (mother, father and couple), on body experience in young women with obesity and normal weight. A qualitative exploratory research was carried out and data were analyzed with Grounded Theory. A sample of eight women between 20 and 25 years old participated, four of them with morbid obesity and four with normal weight. The results confirm that body dissatisfaction is present in all the participants, which is associated with the pressure to be thin exerted by the people close to them. Mothers are more centered on the aesthetic, while fathers seem to have more concern about health. Participants are vulnerable to the couple's conflicting messages, generating insecurity. However, the pressure of the environment does not seem to be enough to change the habits. Ambivalence is observed between the appreciation of a thin body and a curvilinear one at the same time, ideals that overlap and generate discomfort.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Delgadez/terapia , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Entrevista , Conflicto Familiar/psicología , Peso Corporal Ideal , Influencia de los Compañeros , Insatisfacción Corporal/psicología , Obesidad/psicologíaRESUMEN
In some countries, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes show an impact on maternal and child health. Juntos, the CCT programme in Peru, has been evaluated several times operationally, but seldom for maternal and child health outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of Juntos on children under 6 years, pregnant women and mothers of children under 17 years. Outcomes evaluated included (1) anaemia in women and children; (2) acute malnutrition in children; (3) post-partum complications in mothers; and (4) underweight and overweight in mothers. We identified Juntos eligible respondents from the Demographic and Health Surveys of Peru for years 2007 to 2013. Propensity score matching was used to identify comparable treatment and control groups, including eligible respondents enrolled in Juntos vs. those not enrolled in Juntos (individual-level analysis), as well as eligible respondents living in Juntos districts vs. those not residing in Juntos districts (district-level analysis). We then used generalized linear models to estimate prevalence ratios. Individual level analysis showed that Juntos reduced underweight in women (PR:0.39, 95%CI:0.18 - 0.85) and anaemia in children (PR:0.93, 95%CI:0.86 - 1.00). In the district level analysis, the programme was associated with a reduction of overweight in women (PR:0.94, 95%CI:0.90 - 0.98) and acute malnutrition in children (PR:0.49, 95%CI:0.32 - 0.73), but an increase in the prevalence of anaemia in children (PR:1.09, 95%CI:1.01 - 1.17). We found that Juntos had an effect on maternal and child health indicators, but further studies are required to overcome some limitations encountered here.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Ferropénica/epidemiología , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Asistencia Pública , Delgadez/epidemiología , Adolescente , Anemia Ferropénica/terapia , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Salud Infantil/economía , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Desnutrición/terapia , Salud Materna/economía , Madres , Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso/terapia , Cooperación del Paciente , Perú/epidemiología , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Delgadez/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether weight recovery among children with weight faltering varied by enrollment age and child and household risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: Observational, conducted in an interdisciplinary specialty practice with a skill-building mealtime behavior intervention, including coaching with video-recorded interactions. Eligibility included age 6-36 months with weight/age Asunto(s)
Terapia Conductista/métodos
, Insuficiencia de Crecimiento/terapia
, Delgadez/terapia
, Cuidadores/psicología
, Conducta Infantil
, Preescolar
, Insuficiencia de Crecimiento/etiología
, Insuficiencia de Crecimiento/psicología
, Conducta Alimentaria
, Femenino
, Humanos
, Lactante
, Conducta del Lactante
, Modelos Lineales
, Masculino
, Factores de Riesgo
, Autoeficacia
, Delgadez/etiología
, Delgadez/psicología
, Resultado del Tratamiento
RESUMEN
O estudo de magreza em indivíduos saudáveis pode ser devido a origem familiar, a uma ingestão inadequada de energia e, ou a excessiva atividade. Também a perda de peso poderá ser a primeira indicação de grave doença orgânica ou de distúrbios psicológicos. Na elaboração do presente trabalho ficaram constatados que os métodos atualmente utilizados para avaliação do estado de magreza não apresentam inovações. São indicados tratamentos dietoterápicos.