RESUMEN
Introducción: Durante los meses de verano, un grupo de niños/as saharauis es acogido por familias españolas con el objetivo de que aprendan una realidad diferente y mejoren su estado de salud. Al revisar las herramientas educativas existentes para este tipo de población infantil dirigidas a las familias de acogida, se vio la necesidad de desarrollar una guía alimentaria educativa y específica con el fin de resolver las posibles dudas sobre alimentación y nutrición. Objetivos: Elaboración de una guía alimentaria, la jaima alimentaria, dirigida a las familias de acogida de los niños/as saharauis con la que se contribuya a mejorar su salud durante su estancia en España. Métodos: Desarrollo de la jaima alimentaria y de las actividades diarias para los niños/as saharauis acogidos. Resultados: Nuestra propuesta trata de una jaima alimentaria, un modelo gráfico-cromático, similar a las conocidas pirámides alimentarias. En cada uno de los escalones se detallan los diferentes alimentos y por orden descendente en cantidad diaria recomendada y a un lateral de la misma aparecen las actividades diarias para los niños/as saharauis acogidos. Discusión y conclusiones: La jaima alimentaria es una guía alimentaria que permite cubrir las necesidades nutricionales de este tipo de población en la prevención de las enfermedades relacionadas con la dieta, como la anemia o el bocio, y el normal crecimiento (AU)
Introduction: During the summer months, a large group of children are welcomed by Spanish families in order to learn a different reality and improve their state of health and nutrition. Reviewing existing for this type of kids educational tools to foster families, was the need to develop an educational and specific dietary guide in order to solve any doubts about food and nutrition. Objectives: Elaboration of a food guide, the food jaima, to host families of the Saharawi children that will help improve their health during their stay in Spain. Methods: Development of the food jaima and daily activities for the hosted Saharawi children. Results: Our proposal is a food jaima, a graphic-chromatic model, similar to the well-known food pyramids. Different foods are listed in each of the steps and by descending order in recommended daily amount and to one side of it appear daily activities for the hosted Saharan children. Discussion and conclusions: The food jaima is a food guide that allows you to meet the nutritional needs of this type of population in the prevention of diseases related to diet, such as anemia and goiter, and normal growth (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/psicología , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/economía , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
The Bucharest Early Intervention Project is the first ever randomized controlled trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care for young abandoned children. This article examines ethical issues in the conceptualization and implementation of the study, which involved American investigators conducting research in another country, as well as vulnerable participants. We organize the discussion of ethical questions about the study around several key issues. These include the nature and location of the vulnerable study population, the social value of conducting the study, the risks and benefits to participants of participating in the study, and posttrial obligations of the investigators. In discussing how these questions were addressed as the study was designed and after it was initiated, we describe our attempts to wed sound scientific practices with meaningful ethical protections for participants.
Asunto(s)
Niño Abandonado , Ética en Investigación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/ética , Niño , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Humanos , Poblaciones VulnerablesAsunto(s)
Maltrato a los Niños/ética , Ética Médica , Pediatría/ética , Muerte Encefálica , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/legislación & jurisprudencia , Maltrato a los Niños/mortalidad , Violencia Doméstica/ética , Violencia Doméstica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Violencia Doméstica/psicología , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Humanos , Cuidados para Prolongación de la Vida/ética , Notificación Obligatoria , Síndrome de Munchausen Causado por Tercero/diagnóstico , Relaciones Profesional-Familia/éticaRESUMEN
Although literature supports the association between harmonious coparenting practices and lowered child problems, little is known about coparenting influences among family constellations in the foster care system. Via a compilation of a new coparenting practices measure, we examined similarities and differences on foster parent-derived perceptions of support/flexibility, shared communication, conflict/triangulation, and total coparenting between foster and biological parents and their independent contribution to child internalizing and externalizing problems. Self-reports were gathered from foster parents (N=80) in 2 groups: kin and nonkin. As compared with nonkin, kin foster parents reported higher perceived support/flexibility, shared communication, and total coparenting. A tendency for higher conflict/triangulation among kin foster parents was also found. After considering foster parent group, psychological distress, and harsh discipline, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that perceived total coparenting and conflict/triangulation contributed to child internalizing and externalizing problems. Results support the linkage between perceptions of coparenting and child problems among caregivers (foster and biological alike) in kin and nonkin arrangements and highlight training in coparenting in general, and conflict management in particular, as an important intervention focus to reduce the high level of child problems in this vulnerable population.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Infantil/psicología , Crianza del Niño/psicología , Familia/psicología , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Adulto , Investigación Conductal , Niño , Preescolar , Conflicto Psicológico , Empatía/ética , Femenino , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Psicometría , Autoinforme , Percepción SocialRESUMEN
This narrative presents issues faced by the author and her research assistants in attempting to locate 40 subjects who had participated in a child welfare research study two decades earlier. The experience of the researchers suggests that attempting to locate subjects, especially where contact has not been maintained over the years, may not be accomplished without considerable time and expense. The author reflects on possible contributors to the difficulties in contacting these participants, highlights some recent developments in techniques for locating subjects after long periods of time have elapsed, and discusses some relevant ethical dilemmas.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/estadística & datos numéricos , Sujetos de Investigación , Adulto , Investigación Biomédica/ética , Investigación Biomédica/métodos , Estudios de Cohortes , Confidencialidad , Femenino , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ciudad de Nueva York , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
Este trabalho tem como foco discutir a atual cultura da adoção. O eixo escolhido gira em torno dos conceitos de identidade, família e cultura. O estudo das várias modalidades de adoção ressaltou a importância de se reconhecer a a existência de profundas diferenças culturais e econômicas entre as duas famílias, biológica e adotiva, participantes do processo. Este reconhecimento passa pela inclusão da família doadora, desde o início do processo de adoção, caminhando no sentido de uma adoção aberta, onde o contato e as trocas entre as duas famílias estejam, cada vez mais e verdadeiramente, a serviço dos interesses da criança. Este estudo evidenciou também a intrincada relação entre abandono e adoção no Brasil, apontando para as inúmeras frentes de pesquisa que podem surgir a partir daí, no sentido de se entender melhor o problema, em busca de possíveis soluções.
The objective of this work is to discuss the current adoption culture. The axle selected turns around the concepts of identity, family and culture. The study of the several adoption modalities emphasized the importance of knowing the existence of deep cultural and economical differences between both families the biological and the adoptive families, participants of the process. This acknowledgment passes by the inclusion of the donating family from the very beginning of the adoption process, heading for an open adoption, where the contact and the exchanges between both families are progressively and truly for childs interest. This study also evidenced the complex relation between abandonment and adoption in Brazil, pointing out to several research fronts that may appear therefrom, so as to better understand the problem looking for possible solutions.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adopción/etnología , Adopción/psicología , Cultura , Familia/etnología , Familia/psicología , Prejuicio , Autopsicología , Brasil/etnología , Ciencias Sociales/ética , Ciencias Sociales , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/tendencias , Factores Socioeconómicos/efectos adversos , Factores Socioeconómicos/etnología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Attachment theory and therapy have established themselves as major constructs in foster care and adoption practice. The depth of the explanatory power of attachment theory and research have done much to both identify the source of developmental difficulties in adopted and fostered children, and of the significant changes that can be made when these children are placed with 'autonomously' classified carers. However, the power of the concept has also led to a proliferation of ideas, particularly therapeutic models that can, in some cases, stray a long way from the core of what is effective, safe and ethical clinical practice. Holding therapy is one of these models. The British Association for Adoption and Fostering developed a position statement on this practice, setting it within a broader framework of assessment and intervention. But like the model, the development of the position statement became controversial in its development. The article charts some of the critical issues and identifies the very significant dilemmas for parents and carers caught up in the maelstrom of challenging behaviours and disturbing feelings. The conclusion turns to one of the key components of an attachment-based idea: The critical importance of finding the space to think and to feel what the child is communicating without resorting to dangerous retaliation.
Asunto(s)
Ética Clínica , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/ética , Teoría Psicológica , Psicoterapia/ética , Psicoterapia/métodos , Trastorno de Vinculación Reactiva/psicología , Trastorno de Vinculación Reactiva/terapia , Adopción , Niño , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Humanos , Relaciones Profesional-PacienteRESUMEN
Mental health service (MHS) providers confront questions of informed consent for evaluation and treatment of children in state custody who are placed in residential or foster care programs, where legal responsibility is shared between state and parent. There are ethical issues encountered by MHS providers who work with this growing population of children in placement. Matters of informed consent and access to information about treatment influence relationships with the parents, legal guardians, Child Protective Service workers, and the child. These specific concerns are addressed: informed consent, the right to be informed, and the rights of parents or foster carers to participate in a child's treatment. Recommendations for resolving dilemmas faced by MHS providers are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Custodia del Niño/ética , Servicios de Salud del Niño/ética , Cuidados en el Hogar de Adopción/ética , Consentimiento Informado/ética , Servicios de Salud Mental/ética , Instituciones Residenciales/ética , Adulto , Niño , Defensa del Niño , Servicios de Salud del Niño/estadística & datos numéricos , Confidencialidad , Guías como Asunto , Humanos , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Padres , Relaciones Profesional-Familia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Basic ethical principles are worth analysing step by step when dealing with refugee children and their families. Three issues where potential ethical conflicts might arise for healthcare professionals in treating refugees with different cultural background are pointed out--traumatic life events, hierarchy and repatriation. An ethical analysis of the decision to admit a traumatized teenage refugee to a psychiatric ward is discussed with respect for the ethical principles autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. There are both gains and losses, which are valued differently depending on the actors involved.