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BACKGROUND: The development of effective cosmetic products for the reduction of the signs of skin aging is a complex process which requires an optimized combination of ingredients and specialized systems to deliver the actives to the skin layers. AIM: To evaluate the tolerance and antiaging clinical efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing a blend of nanoencapsulated antioxidants: ascorbyl palmitate, resveratrol, tocopherol, caffeine, carnosine, and niacinamide. METHODS: Clinical efficacy was determined by subjective and instrumental analyses of collagen synthesis by fluorescence spectroscopy, by three-dimensional imaging analysis of suborbital edema, and by analysis of skin hydration and sebum content by biophysical techniques-Corneometer® and Sebumeter®. RESULTS: The studied formulation was safe and effective for the improvement of skin appearance by increasing collagen synthesis and skin moisturizing and by reducing facial blemishes, swelling, and oiliness. A preclinical exploratory approach using an experimental model of human cell and skin cultures agreed with the observed antiaging effects, identifying mechanisms related to the containment of oxidative stress, reduction of melanin production, increased synthesis of type I procollagen, and regulation of the epidermal cohesion protein filaggrin. CONCLUSIONS: The skin benefits obtained resulted from the combination of the ingredients in the formulation and the nanoencapsulation-based delivery system, which favors the solubility, safety, efficacy, and bioavailability of the preparation to the skin.

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Introdução: mapear os estudos que mensuraram o potencial Hidrogeniônico (pH) da região vulvar no ciclo vital da mulher. Métodos: revisão de escopo conforme recomendações do Manual for Evidence Synthesis do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), nas bases SCOPUS, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine e Google Acadêmico em janeiro de 2022. Foram incluídos estudos publicados em português, espanhol, francês e inglês, sem limite temporal. Resultados: dos 954 documentos recuperados, 13 foram selecionados. Apurou- se que os estudos utilizaram diferentes procedimentos para as medições quanto aos equipamentos, ambiente e preparo das participantes. A média de idade apresentada pela população feminina estudada variou entre 31 e 43 anos. Os locais de medição vulvar foram os grandes e pequenos lábios, dobra interlabial e períneo. O menor valor do pH aferido foi 4,6 e o maior 6,3. Conclusões: constatou-se baixa produção de estudos acerca do pH vulvar e ênfase das pesquisas na população de mulheres adultas. A diversidade de procedimentos e locais de aferição encontrados não permite afirmações seguras sobre uma faixa de valor de pH da superfície da pele vulvar.

Introduction: to map the studies that measured the Potential of Hydrogen (pH) of the vulvar region in women's life cycle. Methods: scoping review according to recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis in the SCOPUS, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine and Google Scholar databases in January 2022. Studies published in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English, without time limit, were included. Results: of the 954 documents retrieved, 13 were selected. Different measurement procedures in relation to equipment, environment and preparation of participants were used in the studies. The average age of the female population ranged between 31 and 43 years. The vulvar measurement sites were the labia majora and minora, interlabial sulci and perineum. The lowest pH value measured was 4.6 and the highest was 6.3. Conclusions: there was a low production of studies on vulvar pH and an emphasis of studies on the population of adult women. The diversity of procedures and measurement sites found does not allow for safe statements about a range of pH values on the surface of the vulvar skin.

Introducción: mapear los estudios que midieron el Potencial de Hidrógeno (pH) de la región vulvar en el ciclo vital de las mujeres. Métodos: revisión del alcance según las recomendaciones del Manual for Evidence Synthesis del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), en las bases de datos SCOPUS, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine y Google Scholar en enero de 2022. Se incluyeron estudios publicados. en portugués, español, francés e inglés, sin límite de tiempo. Resultados: de los 954 documentos recuperados, se seleccionaron 13. En los estudios se utilizaron diferentes procedimientos de medición en relación con el equipo, el entorno y la preparación de los participantes. La edad media de la población femenina osciló entre 31 y 43 años. Los sitios de medición vulvar fueron los labios mayores y menores, el pliegue interlabial y el perineo. El valor de pH más bajo medido fue 4,6 y el más alto fue 6,3. Conclusiones: hubo una baja producción de estudios sobre pH vulvar y un énfasis de estudios en población de mujeres adultas. La diversidad de procedimientos y sitios de medición encontrados no permite realizar afirmaciones seguras sobre un rango de valores de pH en la superficie de la piel vulvar.

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Recently, the addition of moringa to skincare products has become a popular trend, especially in the natural beauty industry. It is being marketed for its intended moisturizing, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties; however, data are scarce demonstrating its clinical effects as well as standardized concentration, formula, source, and extraction methods. Skin specialists must be aware of this trendy ingredient, including its recent claims in marketing material and current evidence in the literature.

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Treatments that attenuate the effects of hypoestrogenism in menopausal women have been gaining visibility. This study investigated the skin response to a phytoestrogen-enriched cosmetic formulation created by incorporating a biotransformed soybean extract (BE) into a cream-like matrix. Collagen-I expression was analyzed both in vitro (fibroblast cells) and ex vivo (skin explants). The results revealed an increased amount of collagen-I both in fibroblasts and human skin when treated with BE and BE-incorporated cream. Also, this collagen-I overexpression was inhibited by PHTPP, indicating a dependence on estrogen hormone receptor beta (ERß) signaling. Moreover, BE was not harmful to skin microbiota, showing a promising nutricosmetic potential. Thus, this work presented a fully functional cream-like formulation that was shown to be safe and effectively increase collagen-I levels both in vitro and ex vivo.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To map topical interventions used to prevent hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy. Method: This is a scoping review reported in accordance with the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR (extension for scoping review) and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual. The searches were carried out in the electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; and gray literature (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). Results: The searches resulted in 12,016 references and the final sample consisted of 45 studies. A total of 42 topical interventions were identified, including: moisturizing creams, corticosteroids, acids, mapisal, silymarin, and henna. However, urea was the most cited intervention (62%). As for the presentations of the interventions, they varied among creams, ointments, gels, hydrocolloids, decoctions, patches, powders, oils, and soaps. Conclusion: The results allowed reviewing topical interventions, with emphasis on the use of urea and moisturizing creams. However, most of the interventions identified in this review require evaluation in future studies for better understanding of their benefits.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las intervenciones tópicas utilizadas para prevenir el síndrome mano-pie en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a terapia antineoplásica. Método: Esta es una revisión del alcance reportada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de PRISMA-ScR (extensión para la revisión del alcance) y el Manual del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos electrónicas CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; y literatura gris (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). Resultados: Las búsquedas resultaron en 12.016 referencias y la muestra final estuvo compuesta por 45 estudios. Se identificaron 42 intervenciones tópicas, entre ellas: cremas humectantes, corticoides, ácidos, mapisal, silimarina y henna. Sin embargo, la urea fue la intervención más citada (62%). En cuanto a las presentaciones de las intervenciones, variaron entre cremas, ungüentos, geles, hidrocoloides, decocciones, parches, polvos, aceites y jabones. Conclusión: Los resultados permitieron revisar las intervenciones tópicas, con énfasis en el uso de urea y cremas humectantes. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las intervenciones identificadas en esta revisión deben evaluarse en estudios futuros para mejor comprensión de sus beneficios.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as intervenções tópicas utilizadas para a prevenção da síndrome mão-pé em pacientes com câncer em terapia antineoplásica. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo reportada de acordo com as recomendações do PRISMA-ScR (extensão para revisão de escopo) e o Manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases eletrônicas CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; e literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). Resultados: As buscas resultaram em 12.016 referências e a amostra final foi composta por 45 estudos. Um total de 42 intervenções tópicas foram identificadas, dentre elas: cremes hidratantes, corticosteroides, ácidos, mapisal, silimarina e henna. Entretanto, a ureia foi a intervenção mais citada (62%). Quanto às apresentações das intervenções, estas variaram entre cremes, pomadas, géis, hidrocoloides, decocções, adesivos, pós, óleos e sabões. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitaram uma recensão das intervenções tópicas, com destaque ao uso da ureia e cremes hidratantes. Todavia, grande parte das intervenções identificadas nesta revisão necessitam ser avaliadas, em estudos futuros, para melhor compreensão dos seus benefícios.

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a produção científica referente às ações/Intervenções de Enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar relacionadas ao cuidado com crianças e adolescentes com epidermólise bolhosa. Métodos Revisão sistemática, cuja busca se deu nas bases Cinahl, MEDLINE®/PubMed®, SCOPUS, LILACS e SciELO, realizada no período de setembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Para a busca, foram utilizados os descritores "epidermólise bolhosa" AND "criança" AND "adolescente" AND "enfermagem", nas bases Lilacs e SciELO, e "epidermolysis bullosa" AND "children" AND "adolescent" AND, "nursing" nas demais bases em inglês. Resultados Houve maior registro de artigos publicados com base na pergunta norteadora tendo como país de origem os Estados Unidos (22%). A maioria da classificação era no nível VI (44%) da evidência científica. Ainda, 86% dos estudos envolveram pesquisas para o plano de cuidados. As evidências encontradas decorreram de opiniões de especialistas, estudos de casos e consenso. Os fatores de cuidados mais citados foram planos de cuidados voltados à pele; troca de fraldas; cuidados com as roupas e uso de coberturas antiaderentes. Conclusão As pesquisas reportaram dificuldades quanto à disponibilidade de materiais, tratamento e profissionais especializados, além das limitações dos conhecimentos na prática clínica voltada às características da epidermólise bolhosa. Dentre os cuidados, houve destaque para informação sobre a complexidade e as características da ferida como forma de antecipar as estratégias de cuidado.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la producción científica referente a las acciones/intervenciones de enfermería en el ambiente hospitalario relacionadas con el cuidado a niños y adolescentes con epidermólisis ampollosa. Métodos Revisión sistemática, cuya búsqueda se realizó en las bases Cinahl, MEDLINE®/PubMed®, SCOPUS, LILACS y SciELO, realizada en el período de septiembre de 2020 a enero de 2021. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los descriptores "epidermólisis ampollosa" AND "niño" AND "adolescente" AND "enfermería", en las bases Lilacs y SciELO, y "epidermolysis bullosa" AND "children" AND "adolescent" AND, "nursing" en las demás bases en inglés. Resultados Con base en la pregunta orientadora, hubo un mayor registro de artículos publicados que tenían como país de origen Estados Unidos (22 %). La mayoría de la clasificación era de nivel VI (44 %) de la evidencia científica. Además, el 86 % de los estudios incluyeron investigaciones en el plano de los cuidados. Las evidencias encontradas derivaban de opiniones de especialistas, estudios de casos y consenso. Los factores de cuidados más citados fueron planos de cuidados orientados a la piel, cambio de pañales, cuidados con la ropa y uso de coberturas antiadherentes. Conclusión Las investigaciones indicaron dificultades en cuanto a la disponibilidad de material, tratamiento y profesionales especializados, además de las limitaciones de conocimientos en la práctica clínica orientada hacia las características de la epidermólisis ampollosa. Entre los cuidados, se destacó la información sobre la complejidad y las características de la herida como forma de anticipar las estrategias de cuidado.

Abstract Objective To analyze the scientific production regarding actions/Nursing Interventions in hospital environments related to the care of children and adolescents with epidermolysis bullosa. Methods This is a systematic review, which was searched in the CINAHL, MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO databases, carried out from September 2020 to January 2021. For the search, the descriptors "epidermólise bolhosa" AND "criança" AND "adolescente" AND "enfermagem" were used, in Portuguese, in the LILACS and SciELO databases, and "epidermolysis bullosa" AND "children" AND "adolescent" AND "nursing" in the other databases. Results There was a greater number of articles published based on the guiding question having the United States as the country of origin (22%). Most of the classification was at level VI (44%) of scientific evidence. Still, 86% of studies involved research for the care plan. The evidence found resulted from expert opinions, case studies and consensus. The most cited care factors were skin care plans, diaper changing, clothing care and non-stick coating use. Conclusion The surveys reported difficulties regarding the availability of materials, treatment and specialized professionals, in addition to limitations of knowledge in clinical practice focused on the characteristics of epidermolysis bullosa. Among the care, there was emphasis on information about the wound complexity and characteristics as a way of anticipating care strategies.

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OBJECTIVE: Hard-to-heal wounds are a common problem, worsened by ageing, and the increased prevalence of diabetes and morbid obesity. The provider-patient relationship has undergone a transformation, from a paternalistic to a mutual participation model, in which 'the physician tries to enter the patient's world to see the illness through the patient's eyes'. The indepth assessment of the impact of psychosocial, physical issues and provider-patient dynamics is crucial to wound healing and patient wellbeing. It can customise future treatment including physical therapy, psychological and social interventions to improve outcomes. METHOD: A new health-related quality of life instrument (HRQOL) proposal based on a survey consisting of 20 questions was completed by patients as a pilot project. The psychosocial, physical and provider-patient dynamics were evaluated. A total wound impact score (WIs) was tabulated, ranging from 20-80 points. A wound assessment and plan (PBW-AP) was created. RESULTS: In our sample of 25 patients, 75% experienced a moderate WIs (50-69) and 5% experienced a severe WIs (31-49). Feeling angry about having a wound was reported by 40% of patients. A majority of patients (60%) thought about their wounds >1 hour per day. Importantly, 24% answered that their primary care physicians never mentioned their wounds. CONCLUSION: It is important for all physicians taking care of patients with hard-to-heal wounds to see 'the patient behind the wound'. The PBW-AP algorithm is an individualised, multidisciplinary assessment and intervention based on a WIs. It is designed not only to identify but also to tackle psychosocial, physical, and provider-patient issues, to improve overall quality of life, patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Based on the results, the PBW-AP algorithm was designed to be used at initial and subsequent visits as a roadmap for problem identification and intervention.

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Skincare products containing ingredients derived from Centella asiatica, more commonly known as Cica, have become popular as anti-aging remedies, moisturizers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and in treating scars, wounds, and atopic dermatitis, among other skin conditions.1-7 Cica has been used in homeopathy for centuries to treat a variety of ailments.2,6 Due to the many purported benefits of its skincare formulations, we examined the mechanisms of cica and reviewed the existing literature in order to shed more light on its role in dermatology. (SKINmed. 2022;20:94-96).

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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that UVB radiation may cause changes in the epidermal permeability barrier and in the stratum corneum hydration. It is also well known that sun exposure causes erythema, skin cancer, and other physiologic alterations. Furthermore, because of the cultural barrier, men usually apply less sunscreen. AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic use and sun protection habits of young men, correlating their lifestyle with the biophysical and morphological skin characteristics, as well as to study how skin unprotected sun exposure can affect these features even in young people. PATIENTS/METHODS: 60 participants between 18 and 28 years old were divided into two groups: with photoprotection habits (PP habits) and without photoprotection habits (No PP habits). They were questioned about their sunscreen and cosmetic products use. The skin parameters were evaluated using biophysical and skin imaging techniques. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 60% of the participants did not apply sunscreen often, and 80% did not consume other skin care products. No PP habits group presented an increase in the transepidermal water loss-TEWL and sebum level, as well as a reduction in the stratum corneum water content and dermis echogenicity. The skin characteristics evaluated in this study were correlated with the sun protection habits and skin care behavior showing that men face some sociocultural barrier to start the use of cosmetic products. Thus, it is important to consider this information for the dermatological clinical and development of cosmetic products for men's skin.

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BACKGROUND: The emollients are important ingredients used in skincare formulations that can act as moisturizing agents through their occlusive potential, preventing skin water loss. Consumer interest in natural and sustainable products has grown considerably in the last few years, requiring efforts from the cosmetic industry to design products with raw materials of natural, organic, and sustainable origin. Thus, it is essential to improve the knowledge about the behavior of cosmetic raw materials that can be used as sustainable alternatives to synthetic ingredients. AIM: This work aimed to evaluate the occlusive performance of different vegetable oils used as emollients in skincare cosmetics, through comparative analysis with petrolatum, a synthetic emollient with a high occlusive skin potential. METHOD: The study included 80 healthy female adult volunteers. TEWL measurements were performed before and after 15 min, 2 and 6 h of emollients application on the forearms of the research participants. All research participants provided written informed consent. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that the vegetable oils were effective in providing an occlusive effect on the skin. When compared to the petrolatum, the vegetable oils did not provide a high immediate skin occlusion effect. However, most of them showed a skin occlusion performance comparable to petrolatum throughout the 6 h time course. CONCLUSION: Vegetable oils can be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic emollients, and they are promising in replacing petrolatum in skincare formulations with respect to the occlusion effect of the skin. The vegetable oils did not provide a high immediate skin occlusion effect (15 min post-application) as the petrolatum, which is known to have increased occlusion properties. However, most of them showed a skin occlusion performance comparable to petrolatum throughout the 6-hour time course.

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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of formulation and procedure parameters in obtaining thick and continuous chitosan/PVA/glycerol nanofibres to be applied in skin care. For that, the polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography. After this, 96 chitosan/PVA/glycerol nanofibre scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning method, using factorial designs. The independent variables were crude and pure chitosan, 2 brands of PVA, 2 needle gauges, high and low polymer concentration, high and low glycerol concentration, and final solution with and without ultrafiltration. Morphological analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and confocal microscopy. The best sample (NF67) presented an average thickness of 268.3 nm, uniform distribution, and high yield. It was obtained at a 1:3.5 (crude chitosan: PVA with lower molecular weight, but more hydrolysed) ratio and lower glycerol concentration, suggesting that the degree of hydrolysis of the PVA is more important than its molecular weight for obtaining better quality nanofibres and that the glycerol also makes the electrospinning process difficult. Thus, it was possible to choose parameters that provide scaffolds that could be applied as a matrix extracellular-like material in wound healing.

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Polysaccharides are macromolecules with important inherent properties and potential biotechnological applications. These complex carbohydrates exist throughout nature, especially in plants, from which they can be obtained with high yields. Different extraction and purification methods may affect the structure of polysaccharides and, due to the close relationship between structure and function, modify their biological activities. One of the possible applications of these polysaccharides is acting on the skin, which is the largest organ in the human body and can be aged by intrinsic and extrinsic processes. Skincare has been gaining worldwide attention not only to prevent diseases but also to promote rejuvenation in aesthetic treatments. In this review, we discussed the polysaccharides obtained from plants and their innovative potential for skin applications, for example as wound-healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and anti-aging compounds.

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Abstract The purpose of this research was to develop a hydrogel containing the extract of Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) with appropriate physicochemical properties and good dermatological efficacy. The Gac aril fruit was extracted by maceration in dichloromethane, and its antioxidant activity was determined through a DPPH assay. The very low water-solubility of the Gac extract is responsible for its incompatibility with the hydrogel. To overcome this drawback, LabrafacTM PG and Tween 60 were used to develop the hydrogel due to their potent potential for solubilizing the Gac extract. The prepared hydrogels displayed good physical properties, a homogenous orange gel, appropriate pH, and viscosity. After storage in an accelerated condition for six months, the hydrogels of the Gac extract had physical stability and high remaining amounts of beta-carotene and lycopene within the range of 90.25 - 94.61%. The skin efficacy of hydrogel containing the Gac fruit extract was found using 14 healthy female volunteers over a 30-day period of daily application. Topical application of the hydrogel containing the Gac fruit extract, which contains antioxidants, significantly moisturizes the skin and enhanced its elasticity (p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA). This makes it suitable for use as a skin care product

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INTRODUCCION. El paciente crítico presenta mayor riesgo de lesiones por presión, su incidencia en cuidados intensivos continúa elevada y variable, a pesar de su prevención. En Ecuador se desconoce la realidad de esta complicación. OBJETIVO. Realizar una caracterización demográfica y epidemiológica a los pacientes críticos con lesiones por presión. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. De una población de 2 087 ingresados en la Unidad de Adultos Área de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, se recolectaron datos demográficos y epidemiológicos de 147 registros de historias clínicas físicas y electrónicas de pacientes que presentaron lesiones por presión, en el periodo 01 de enero al 31 diciembre 2018. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 22. RESULTADOS. La mediana de edad fue 66 años; sexo hombre 63,3%, pre obesidad 40,8%, hipertensos 37,6% y diabéticos 23,8%. Más del 60,0% recibieron ventilación mecánica invasiva, sedantes y drogas vasoactivas, la mediana del Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System II fue 20 (IQ 14-27), mortalidad 34,0%. La prevalencia de lesiones por presión fue 7,0% y la incidencia 3,49%. En la localización de las lesiones por presión: en región sacra 62,6%, talón 24,0% y cara 7,5%; 59,2% estadío 2 y 5,4% estadío 3. Al comparar los grupos de lesiones por presión no adquiridas versus adquiridas hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en duración de hospitalización previa a la detección de lesiones por presión (p<0,001), duración de hospitalización (p=0,003), localización de lesiones por presión en sacro (p=0,02), cara (p=0,02) y estadío 3 de lesiones por presión (p=0,03), en el resto de variables no se encontró diferencias. CONCLUSIÓN. La prevalencia de lesiones por presión está en los estándares aceptados a nivel internacional, su frecuencia y estadíos son similares a otros reportes, gracias a las medidas de prevención y control adoptadas por la Unidad.

INTRODUCTION. A patient at a critical situation has a higher risk of pressure injuries, and their incidence in intensive care continues being high and variable, despite its prevention. In Ecuador the reality of this complication is unknown. OBJECTIVE. To perform a demographic and epidemiological characterization of critically ill patients with pressure injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive, retrospective study. From a population of 2 087 admitted to the Adult Unit Intensive Care Area of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, demographic and epidemiological data were collected from 147 records of physical and electronic Medical Records of patients who pressure injuries, in the period January 1 to December 31, 2018. The data were analyzed in the statistical program International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22. RESULTS. Median age was 66 years; male sex 63,3%, pre-obese 40,8%, hypertensive 37,6% and diabetic 23,8%. More than 60,0% received invasive mechanical ventilation, sedatives and vasoactive drugs, the median of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System II was 20 (IQ 14-27), mortality 34,0%. The prevalence of pressure injuries was 7,0% and incidence 3,49%. The location of pressure injuries were: the sacral region 62,6%, heel 24,0% and face 7,5%; 59,2% stage 2 and 5,4% stage 3. When comparing the groups of non-acquired versus acquired pressure lesions, there was a statistically significant difference in hospital-stay lengths prior to the detection of pressure lesions (p<0,001), hospital-stay lengths (p=0,003), location of pressure lesions in sacrum (p=0,02), face (p=0,02) and stage 3 of pressure lesions (p=0,03); no differences were found in the rest of the variables. CONCLUSION. The prevalence of pressure injuries remains within international accepted standards, their frequency and stages are similar to other reports.

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Objective: To build and validate a flowchart for the prevention and treatment of intestinal peristomal skin complications. Method: For the construction of the algorithms, a systematic reviewwas carried out in health sciences databases comprising the last 10 years. The evaluation of the algorithms was carried out by 38 nurses. For the validation of the algorithms, theDelphi technique was used. The statistical analysis used was the content validity index and the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail and in person after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee. Results: In the first evaluation of the algorithms, there was no agreement among the experts. However, after making the corrections suggested by the evaluators, the algorithms were resent, with a 100% consensus among the evaluators. The questions used to validate the algorithms contributed favourably to the internal consistency and content validation of the instrument, since the respective Cronbach alpha was 0.9062 and the global content validity index (g-CVI) was 0.91 in the first validation and 1.0 in the second validation. Conclusion: After an integrative literature review, the flowcharts were built and validated by a professional with experience in the area, showing 100% agreement among the experts in the second evaluation. (AU)

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Introduction: Acne is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated disease of the pilosebaceous unit, highly prevalent in adolescents. However, an increasing number of adults over 25 years old with facial acne, particularly women, have been observed. It is considered a different disease when compared to acne vulgaris. Face is the mainly involved area with inflammatory lesions and more sensitive skin, pointing out the need of a holistic approach.Areas covered: We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed database, up to January 2021, regarding adult female acne. We synthesized data about pathogenesis; differences compared to acne vulgaris; and treatment, with focus in the management challenges and perspectives.Expert opinion: It is essential to value the negative impact on quality of life of adult female acne, independently of severity. The disease has prolonged evolution, and patient might be resilient once the improvement, regardless of the treatment option, will just be noticeable after 3 months. Aggravating factors should be clearly discussed, such as the need of changing many habits, especially lesions manipulation. The therapeutic regimen includes make-up and tailored skin care (considering proneness to sensitivity), while anti-acne drugs should be chosen in accordance with desire to be pregnant, presence of pregnancy or breastfeeding.

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La exposición excesiva al sol constituye una de las causas más comunes de enfermedades cutá-neas. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir los hábitos de fotoprotección de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de dermatología del área III de salud, en el municipio Cienfuegos, Cuba, durante el período comprendido entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, cuya población estuvo constituida por 3045 pacientes, de los que se seleccionó una muestra de 1066 individuos a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por sujetos voluntarios. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario cerrado, el que fue validado por criterio de especialistas. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. "Raúl Dorticós Torrado" de Cienfuegos, Cuba. El grupo con más de 59 años resultó el más representado (37,8%), mientras que los menores de 15 años (6,8%) fue el menos. El género femenino prevaleció (53,4%). El cuidado de la piel ante la sobreexposición solar fue insuficien-te. Predominaron los que no conocen su tipo de piel y aquellos que no recibieron orientaciones sobre su cuidado. También prevalecieron aquellos cuya declaración indica que nunca realizan autoexamen de este importante órgano y los que no utilizan aditamentos de fotoprotección, espe-cíficamente: sombrero, gorra y sombrilla

Excessive sun exposure is one of the most common causes of skin diseases. This research aimed to describe the photoprotection habits of patients treated in the dermatology consultation of health area III, in the municipality of Cienfuegos, Cuba, during the period between the months of January and May 2020. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out. The population consisted of 3045 patients, from which a sample of 1066 individuals was selected through a non-probabilistic sampling by volunteer subjects. The data were collected by applying a closed questionnaire, which was validated by specialists' criteria. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Dr. "Raúl Dorticós Torrado" University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cuba. The group over 59 years of age was the most represented (37.8%), while those under 15 years of age (6.8%) were the least. The female gender prevailed (53.4%). Skin care for overexposure to the sun was insufficient. Those ones who do not know their skin type and those who did not receive guidance on their care predominated; as well as those ones whose statement indicates that they never perform self-examination of this important organ and those ones who do not use photoprotection accessories, specifically: hat, cap and umbrella

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BACKGROUND: New technologies, such as sonic devices, have been developed to optimize the skin cleansing process and improve its efficiency. To evaluate the effectiveness of these cosmetic procedures, skin bioengineering is an objective method to assess the biophysical parameters of the skin. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the effect of facial cleansing on the physiological properties of the skin by comparing a cleansing process with cosmetic product applied manually to cleansing with cosmetic product associated with the use of an electric sonic device. PATIENTS/METHODS: A gentle skin cleanser was applied to the entire face of 12 subjects; the sonic device was used on one half of the face and the manual process was performed on the other half. Instrumental skin analyses included sebummetry, corneometry, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), infrared thermography, and high-frequency ultrasound and were measured before and up to 90 min after cleansing. Results were compared using two-way ANOVA and Friedman tests. RESULTS: Data obtained from the statistical analysis of sebummetry, TEWL, thermography, and ultrasound parameters did not show any significant difference. When assessing the corneometry parameters, a significant reduction in hydration values (17.19%) was observed in the manual cleansing area, while the values remained similar to baseline values in the area where the sonic device was used. CONCLUSION: The cleansing process with a sonic device did not cause a significant hydration reduction, suggesting better preservation of skin homeostasis when compared to manual cleansing.

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