RESUMEN
Abstract The goal of this study is to identify the global trigger tool trackers used to place the adverse drug events presented in children that use psychotropic drugs accompanied by Child-adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers. This is a descriptive study carried out with the secondary data of 112 child care records that began in January 2017 in two Child-adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers. A median of medicine per child was 1.71 and among the most used we were to risperidone 100%, followed by valproic acid and periciazine with 16% each. A total of 42 adverse drug events were found in 36 medical records, being agitation 29.7% and agressive 16.2%, being the most frequent, and in 45.2% of infants presenting only one event. 50 were trackers detected in 83.3%, two records that identified adverse drug events. In 38.8% were found only one tracker, the most found ones were: combination of psychotropic medicines 32%, abrupt reduction of medicine dose 22% and abrupt cessation of medicine 12%. Finally, the present study showed that the global trigger tool evidenced adverse drug events by means of the detection of trackers in children and that it had to offer interventions to improve the quality of psychiatric therapy within two community services.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Psicotrópicos/agonistas , Niño , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/complicaciones , Rehabilitación Psiquiátrica/clasificación , Servicios de Salud Mental/clasificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to report the experience of designing and implementing the nursing care project with mothers and babies in prison. METHODS: this is an experience report about the nursing care project with mothers and children in prison, having as a guiding axis Winnicottian concepts about the mother-baby relationship. RESULTS: nursing consultations were held in childcare, thematic conversation circles and the manufacture of artifacts to encourage child development, as well as women's health care. The positive impact of the project has made it a health education program. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: elaborating the nursing care project encouraged other ways of providing care and implementing it, using Winnicottian concepts. It is recommended that training institutions consider the prison and the individuals there as a field in the learning process of health professionals.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Madres/psicología , Atención de Enfermería/psicología , Prisioneros/psicología , Adulto , Brasil , Cuidado del Niño/métodos , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Atención de Enfermería/métodos , Atención de Enfermería/normas , Responsabilidad Parental/psicologíaRESUMEN
CONTEXTO: Actualmente, el rol que cumplen los padres en el cuidado de sus hijos hospitalizados gravemente enfermos en una Unidad de Paciente Crítico Pediátrico (UPCP), dista mucho de ser definido en nuestro medio. Sin embargo, las últimas recomendaciones incluyen a los padres y familia con un papel protagónico en el cuidado del usuario hospitalizado. OBJETIVO: Explorar las creencias de los padres y las expectativas del equipo de enfermería acerca del rol que debe cumplir un cuidador durante la hospitalización de un niño en la UPCP. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Se entrevista de forma semiestructurada a padres y/o cuidadores de niños que ingresan a UPCP de Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna (HLCM) y a los profesionales del equipo de enfermería de la misma unidad. RESULTADO: Se identifican tres dimensiones a partir de las entrevistas realizadas: Elementos que constituyen el rol de padre y/o cuidador de un niño hospitalizado, patrones de cuidado de un niño hospitalizado y estrategias para incorporar a los padres en el cuidado de sus hijos.
CONTEXT: Actually, the role executed by parents taking care of their very seriously sick children in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), is too far to be defined in our context. However, the last recommendations include the parents and family as the protagonist of caring hospitalised users. OBJECTIVE: To explore the parents' beliefs and health care team expectations related to the role which should execute a carer while a child is hospitalised in a PICU. METHOD: Qualitative Phenomenon study. Parents and carers of children, who are admitted to PICU an Hospital in Santiago, Chile are interviewed in a semi-structured style. Also, the heath care team is interviewed. RESULT: Three dimensions are identified from the done interviews. Constitutive elements of the parent or carer role, caring pattern of a hospitalised child and strategies to incorporate the parents in the care of their children.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Niño Hospitalizado/psicología , Cuidadores , Relaciones Padre-Hijo , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Chile , Grupo de EnfermeríaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objectives: to report the experience of designing and implementing the nursing care project with mothers and babies in prison. Methods: this is an experience report about the nursing care project with mothers and children in prison, having as a guiding axis Winnicottian concepts about the mother-baby relationship. Results: nursing consultations were held in childcare, thematic conversation circles and the manufacture of artifacts to encourage child development, as well as women's health care. The positive impact of the project has made it a health education program. Final Considerations: elaborating the nursing care project encouraged other ways of providing care and implementing it, using Winnicottian concepts. It is recommended that training institutions consider the prison and the individuals there as a field in the learning process of health professionals.
RESUMEN Objetivos: informar la experiencia de elaborar e implementar proyecto asistencial de enfermería con madres y bebés en la cárcel. Métodos: se trata de relato de experiencia sobre proyecto asistencial de enfermería con madres e hijos en la prisión, teniendo como eje orientador conceptos winnicottianos sobre la relación madre-bebé. Resultados: se realizaron consultas de enfermería en puericultura, ruedas de conversación temáticas y confección de artefactos para el estímulo al desarrollo infantil, además de cuidados a la salud de la mujer. El impacto positivo del proyecto lo convirtió en un programa de educación en salud. Consideraciones Finales: elaborar el proyecto asistencial de enfermería estimuló otros modos de prestar cuidados e implementarlo, utilizando los conceptos winnicottianos, se mostró apropiado. Se recomienda que instituciones formadoras consideren la prisión y los individuos que allí están como campo del proceso de aprendizaje de los profesionales de salud.
RESUMO Objetivos: relatar a experiência de elaborar e implementar o projeto assistencial de enfermagem com mães e bebês na prisão. Métodos: trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o projeto assistencial de enfermagem com mães e filhos na prisão, tendo como eixo norteador conceitos winnicottianos sobre a relação mãe-bebê. Resultados: foram realizadas consultas de enfermagem em puericultura, rodas de conversa temáticas e confecção de artefatos para o estímulo ao desenvolvimento infantil, além de cuidados à saúde da mulher. O impacto positivo do projeto tornou-o um programa de educação em saúde. Considerações Finais: elaborar o projeto assistencial de enfermagem estimulou outros modos de prestar cuidados e implementá-lo, utilizando os conceitos winnicottianos. Recomenda-se que instituições formadoras considerem a prisão e os indivíduos que lá estão como campo do processo de aprendizagem dos profissionais de saúde.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Prisioneros/psicología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Madres/psicología , Atención de Enfermería/psicología , Brasil , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Cuidado del Niño/métodos , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Atención de Enfermería/normas , Atención de Enfermería/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare caregiver features and caregiving arrangements of children with physical abuse vs accidental injuries. STUDY DESIGN: Data came from a prospective, observational, multicenter study investigating bruising and psychosocial characteristics of children younger than 4 years of age. Using logistic regression, we examined how abuse vs accidental injury and severity of injury were associated with caregiver sex, relation to the child, whether caregiving arrangements were different than usual at the time of injury, and length of the main caregiver's relationship with his/her partner. RESULTS: Of 1615 patients, 24% were determined to have been physically abused. Abuse was more likely when a male caregiver was present (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.38-4.62). When the male was the boyfriend of the mother (or another female caregiver), the odds of abuse were very high (OR 169.2, 95% CI 61.3-614.0). Severe or fatal injuries also were more likely when a male caregiver was present. In contrast, abuse was substantially less likely when a female caregiver was present (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.17-0.37) with the exception of a female babysitter (OR 3.87, 95% CI 2.15-7.01). Caregiving arrangements that were different than usual and caregiver relationships <1 year were also associated with an increased risk of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: We identified caregiver features associated with physical abuse. In clinical practice, questions regarding caregiver features may improve recognition of the abused child. This information may also inform future abuse prevention strategies.
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Lesiones Accidentales/epidemiología , Cuidadores , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Cuidado del Niño , Cuidadores/normas , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to characterize the maternal care for children under one year of age with a view to child health promotion at home. METHOD: exploratory study with qualitative data analysis, thematic mode, based on the conceptual framework of the essential needs of children, based on interviews recorded with 16 mothers. RESULTS: the analysis of the maternal narratives showed elements that facilitate the promotion of child safety: presence and involvement of the parents, constant surveillance for physical and emotional protection, experiences to stimulate child development, support networks for childcare at home; and inhibiting elements of child safety: limited perception of characteristics of child development and of children's singularities, overprotection and difficulties to set limits. CONCLUSION: the study enhances the understanding of home care in child health promotion, directing professional actions to guarantee ongoing nurturing relationships, protection, respect for individual differences, experiences appropriate to child development, limit setting and construction of stable and supportive social networks. In addition, the relevance of considering the maternal perspective in child health care is considered, as a strategy to apprehend aspects related to the attendance of the growth and development needs, particularly for child health promotion at home.
Asunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño/normas , Promoción de la Salud , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Conducta Materna , Seguridad , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño/normas , Guarderías Infantiles/normas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Adolescente , Edad de Inicio , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Niño , Cuidado del Niño/métodos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Preescolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Actividad Motora , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate maternal and child care practices in areas with extreme poverty in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted between August and September 2012; with probabilistic, three-stage stratification by "department" (geographic region) sampling. 540 households were selected that had at least one child younger than 36 months (475 households) and/or a pregnant women (80 households), in rural areas of Cajamarca, Amazonas, Huanuco, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Apurimac, Cusco, Puno and Ucayali. RESULTS: Regarding the last pregnancy, 69.0% of the mothers reported having had their first prenatal care in the first trimester; 65.3% reported having completed more than six check-ups throughout the pregnancy; 81.1% reported having given birth in a health facility, and only 31.0% chose a method of family planning within 42 days postpartum. With regard to the last child under 3 years old, 64.1% had early mother-infant contact, and 62.8% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. In addition, 89.6% of children under 6 months old exclusively received breastfeeding and 89.1% of children aged 6-8 months old already had received complementary feeding. Fever, diarrhea, vomiting and breathing difficulty were the most mentioned warning signs for seeking care for children. CONCLUSIONS: Through this study, a baseline has been established on which a strategy can be designed and implemented to improve best practices for maternal and child care as part of the "Programa de Apoyo" within the Health Sector Reform.
Asunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño/normas , Conducta Materna , Cuidado del Niño/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Perú , Áreas de Pobreza , Población RuralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to characterize the maternal care for children under one year of age with a view to child health promotion at home. METHOD: exploratory study with qualitative data analysis, thematic mode, based on the conceptual framework of the essential needs of children, based on interviews recorded with 16 mothers. RESULTS: the analysis of the maternal narratives showed elements that facilitate the promotion of child safety: presence and involvement of the parents, constant surveillance for physical and emotional protection, experiences to stimulate child development, support networks for childcare at home; and inhibiting elements of child safety: limited perception of characteristics of child development and of children's singularities, overprotection and difficulties to set limits. CONCLUSION: the study enhances the understanding of home care in child health promotion, directing professional actions to guarantee ongoing nurturing relationships, protection, respect for individual differences, experiences appropriate to child development, limit setting and construction of stable and supportive social networks. In addition, the relevance of considering the maternal perspective in child health care is considered, as a strategy to apprehend aspects related to the attendance of the growth and development needs, particularly for child health promotion at home. .
OBJETIVO: caracterizar os cuidados maternos às crianças menores de um ano para a promoção da segurança infantil no domicílio. MÉTODO: estudo exploratório, com análise qualitativa dos dados, modalidade temática, fundamentado no quadro conceitual das necessidades essenciais da criança, a partir de entrevistas gravadas com 16 mães. RESULTADOS: a análise das narrativas maternas mostrou elementos facilitadores da promoção da segurança infantil: presença e envolvimento dos pais, vigilância constante para proteção física e emocional, experiências estimuladoras do desenvolvimento, redes amparadoras para o cuidado da criança no domicílio; e elementos inibidores da segurança infantil: pouca percepção das características do desenvolvimento infantil e das singularidades da criança, superproteção e dificuldades para estabelecimento de limites. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo amplia a compreensão sobre o cuidado domiciliar na promoção da saúde infantil, orientando ações profissionais para garantir relacionamentos sustentadores contínuos, proteção, respeito às diferenças individuais, experiências adequadas ao desenvolvimento, estabelecimento de limites e construção de redes sociais estáveis e amparadoras. Também reafirma a relevância de se considerar as perspectivas maternas no cuidado da saúde da criança, como estratégia para apreender aspectos relacionados ao suprimento das necessidades do crescimento e desenvolvimento, particularmente à promoção da segurança infantil no domicílio. .
OBJETIVO: caracterizar los cuidados maternos a menores de un año para la promoción de la seguridad infantil en el domicilio. MÉTODO: estudio exploratorio, con análisis cualitativo de los datos, modalidad temática, fundamentado en el cuadro conceptual de las necesidades esenciales del niño, a partir de entrevistas grabadas con 16 madres. RESULTADOS: el análisis de las narraciones maternas mostró elementos facilitadores de la promoción de la seguridad infantil: presencia y participación de los padres; vigilancia constante para protección física y emocional; experiencias estimuladoras del desarrollo; redes de amparo para el cuidado del niño en el domicilio; y, elementos inhibidores de la seguridad infantil (poca percepción de las características del desarrollo infantil y de las singularidades del niño, sobreprotección y dificultades para establecimiento de límites). CONCLUSIÓN: el estudio amplia la comprensión sobre el cuidado domiciliar en la promoción de la salud infantil, orientando acciones profesionales para garantizar relaciones sustentadores continuas, protección, respeto a las diferencias individuales, experiencias adecuadas al desarrollo, establecimiento de límites y construcción de redes sociales estables y de amparo. También reafirma la relevancia de considerar las perspectivas maternas en el cuidado de la salud del niño, como la estrategia para aprender aspectos relacionados al suministro de las necesidades del crecimiento y desarrollo, particularmente para la promoción de la seguridad infantil en el domicilio. .
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Promoción de la Salud , Conducta Materna , SeguridadRESUMEN
Objetivos. Evaluar las prácticas de cuidado materno-infantil en áreas con pobreza extrema del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado entre agosto y septiembre de 2012, con muestreo probabilístico, trietápico y estratificado por departamento. Se seleccionaron 540 hogares que tenían al menos un niño menor de 36 meses (475 hogares) y/o mujer gestante (80 hogares) en áreas rurales de Cajamarca, Amazonas, Huánuco, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Apurímac, Cusco, Puno y Ucayali. Resultados. Con relación al último embarazo, 69,0% de la madres refirió haber tenido su primer control prenatal en el primer trimestre; 65,3% haber cumplido más de seis controles a lo largo del embarazo; 81,1% haber dado a luz en un establecimiento de salud, y solo 31,0% haber elegido un método de planificación familiar dentro de los 42 días posparto. Con relación al último niño menor de 3 años, 64,1% tuvo contacto precoz madre-niño, y 62,8% inició la lactancia materna dentro de la hora de nacido. Además, 89,6% de los niños menores de 6 meses recibía lactancia materna exclusiva, y 89,1% de los niños de 6 a 8 meses ya tenía alimentación complementaria. Fiebre, diarrea, vómitos y dificultad respiratoria fueron las señales de peligro más referidas para la búsqueda de atención en niños. Conclusiones. La evaluación ha permitido establecer una línea de base sobre la cual se diseñará e implementará una estrategia que posibilite una mejora en las prácticas clave de cuidado materno-infantil en la población objetivo del Programa de Apoyo a la Reforma del Sector Salud.
Objectives. To evaluate maternal and child care practices in areas with extreme poverty in Peru. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study conducted between August and September 2012; with probabilistic, three-stage stratification by department (geographic region) sampling. 540 households were selected that had at least one child younger than 36 months (475 households) and/or a pregnant women (80 households), in rural areas of Cajamarca, Amazonas, Huanuco, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Apurimac, Cusco, Puno and Ucayali. Results. Regarding the last pregnancy, 69.0% of the mothers reported having had their first prenatal care in the first trimester; 65.3% reported having completed more than six check-ups throughout the pregnancy; 81.1% reported having given birth in a health facility, and only 31.0% chose a method of family planning within 42 days postpartum. With regard to the last child under 3 years old, 64.1% had early mother-infant contact, and 62.8% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. In addition, 89.6% of children under 6 months old exclusively received breastfeeding and 89.1% of children aged 6-8 months old already had received complementary feeding. Fever, diarrhea, vomiting and breathing difficulty were the most mentioned warning signs for seeking care for children. Conclusions. Through this study, a baseline has been established on which a strategy can be designed and implemented to improve best practices for maternal and child care as part of the Programa de Apoyo within the Health Sector Reform.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Conducta Materna , Cuidado del Niño/estadística & datos numéricos , Perú , Áreas de Pobreza , Población RuralRESUMEN
This study explored opportunities and choices related to child feeding among women living in a remote and low-income district in the Andean highlands. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with mothers (N = 7) with reputations for providing good child care, and who participated in an NGO-run social and health programme. The aim of this study was to learn about women's positive experience with child feeding, in the context of living in low-income communities. Such knowledge could be of substantial practical value to health promotion practitioners, in illuminating existing local circumstances and practices that produce good child nutrition. The women who were most knowledgeable about child health and diet were better educated and had relatively higher social positions in the community. Regarding contextual factors related to child feeding, numerous references were made to the extensive use of own crops and food stuffs, seen to provide a better diet than that available in cities where people buy their food. In discussing food and meal preparation habits, there were clear references to child welfare and health as motivating factors in the choices that were made. The NGO programme was not mentioned by the interviewer, to avoid prompting, yet the respondents referred to it explicitly, and attributed improved health-related knowledge and skills to the NGO education interventions (e.g. education about nutritious meal preparation, child care skills, and sanitation practices). It is concluded that the women were concerned about providing a good diet to their children, they were aware of the impact of feeding practices on child health, and that education about health and diet helped them to improved feeding practices.
Asunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño/métodos , Ciencias de la Nutrición del Niño/educación , Dieta/economía , Madres/educación , Áreas de Pobreza , Agricultura/economía , Agricultura/educación , Agricultura/métodos , Niño , Cuidado del Niño/economía , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Ciencias de la Nutrición del Niño/economía , Conducta de Elección , Dieta/etnología , Femenino , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/economía , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/normas , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud/etnología , Humanos , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Madres/psicología , Organizaciones , Perú , Investigación Cualitativa , Salud RuralRESUMEN
O cuidado à criança sustenta-se em um agir compartilhado, enriquecido por subjetividades de profissionais e família, com objetivo de atender às características peculiares do crescimento e do desenvolvimento infantil. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender modos de cuidar e de cuidado à criança na Atenção Primária de Saúde, com base na Grounded Theory. Participaram da investigação 29 sujeitos entre gestores, coordenadores de serviços e de cursos de enfermagem e medicina, enfermeiros, médicos e mães de crianças atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em São Luís - MA. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada para a coleta de dados. A categoria Qualificando o cuidado à criança na Atenção Primária de Saúde e suas subcategorias reconhecem que cuidar tem diferentes sentidos que se fundam no valor da vida e na dignidade humana e que o cuidado se constrói a partir de esforços, colaboração, comunicação, complementaridade e no fazer/agir de profissionais, famílias, serviços e gestores.
Child care is supported by a shared action enriched by subjectivities of professionals and family in order to meet peculiar characteristics of child growth and development. This study aimed to understand modes of child care in Primary Health Care, supported by the Grounded Theory. Twenty-nine subjects participated in the research, including managers, coordinators of nursing and medicine courses, doctors, nurses and mothers of children assisted by the Family Health Strategy in São Luís-MA, Brazil. To collect data it was used a semi-structured interview. The category Qualifying child care at PHC and its respective subcategories recognize that care has different meanings based on the value of life and human dignity and that the value of care is built by efforts, collaboration, communication, complementarity and in the actions of professionals, families, services and managers.
El cuidado a los niños debe estar sostenido en un acto compartido enriquecido por las subjetividades de profesionales y familia con el objetivo de atender a las características propias del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las maneras de cuidado a los niños en la Atención Primaria de Salud apoyado en la Grounded Theoory. Participaron de la investigación 29 sujetos entre gerentes, coordinadores de servicios y de cursos de enfermería y medicina, enfermeros y médicos y madres de los niños atendidos por la Estrategia del Salud del Familia en el municipio de São Luís - MA. Para la colecta de datos fue utilizada la entrevista semiestructurada. La categoría Calificando el cuidado a los niños en la Atención Primaria de Salud y sus respectivas subcategorías reconocen que cuidar tiene sentidos diferentes que se fundan en el valor de la vida e en la dignidad humana y que el valor al cuidado se construye en los esfuerzos, en la colaboración, en la comunicación, en la complementariedad y en el hacer/actuar de profesionales, familias, servicios y gerentes.
Asunto(s)
Niño , Humanos , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Atención Primaria de SaludRESUMEN
Child care is supported by a shared action enriched by subjectivities of professionals and family in order to meet peculiar characteristics of child growth and development. This study aimed to understand modes of child care in Primary Health Care, supported by the Grounded Theory. Twenty-nine subjects participated in the research, including managers, coordinators of nursing and medicine courses, doctors, nurses and mothers of children assisted by the Family Health Strategy in São Luís-MA, Brazil. To collect data it was used a semi-structured interview. The category Qualifying child care at PHC and its respective subcategories recognize that care has different meanings based on the value of life and human dignity and that the value of care is built by efforts, collaboration, communication, complementarity and in the actions of professionals, families, services and managers.
Asunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño/normas , Atención Primaria de Salud , Niño , HumanosRESUMEN
Revisão narrativa da literatura, a partir das bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, entre 2004 e 2009, com a qual se objetivou identificar as publicações relativas à temática da advocacia em saúde no âmbito da atenção à saúde da criança. Foram analisados treze artigos e identificados três temas: Ênfase em conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes para desenvolvimento de competências; Parcerias como um imperativo; Saúde e Direito: relação intersetorial. Os estudos sobre o exercício da advocacia em saúde são relevantes para nossa realidade, especialmente na atenção primária à saúde, chamando a atenção para as possibilidades de sua aplicabilidade no papel do enfermeiro atuante na estratégia saúde da família, junto a famílias e crianças.
This narrative literature review aimed to identify the publications about health law, in the ambit of child health care. The databases LILACS and MEDLINE were searched, between 2004 and 2009. Thirteen articles were analyzed, and three themes were identified: Emphasis on knowledge, abilities and attitudes for the development of competencies; Partnerships as an imperative; Health and Law: intersectorial relationship. The studies about the practice of health law are relevant to our reality, especially in primary health care, pointing out for the possibilities of its applicability in the role of the nurses acting in the family health strategy, with families and children.
Revisión narrativa de la literatura, por búsquedas en las bases de datos LILACS y MEDLINE, entre 2004 y 2009, con que se intentó identificar las publicaciones relativas a la temática de la abogacía en salud en el ámbito de la atención a la salud del niño. Fueron analizados trece artículos e identificados tres temas: Énfasis en conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes para desarrollo de competencias; Parecerías como un imperativo; Salud y Derecho: relación intersectorial. Los estudios sobre el ejercicio de la abogacía en salud son relevantes para nuestra realidad, especialmente en la atención primaria a la salud, llamando la atención para las posibilidades de su aplicabilidad en el papel del enfermero actuante en la estrategia de salud familiar, junto a familias y niños.
Asunto(s)
Niño , Humanos , Cuidado del Niño , Protección a la Infancia , Cuidado del Niño/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Protección a la Infancia/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess preschoolers' cumulative daily screen time, measure the contributions of the home and the child care setting to this total, and characterize children that are most at risk for excessive screen time. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, to calculate daily screen time based on reports by preschooler's parents and care providers. RESULTS: The sample size of 8950 represented approximately 4 million children. By preschool age, >80% of children were in some child care. On average, children in this study were exposed to 4.1 hours of screen time daily, including 3.6 hours at home and 0.4 hours in child care. Children in centers had the lowest screen time (3.2 hours) compared with children in parental care only (4.4 hours), home-based care (5.5 hours), and Head Start (4.2 hours). Even when adjusted for relevant covariates, these differences remained significant (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Preschoolers' cumulative screen time exceeds recommendations and most previous estimates. Pediatric clinicians are uniquely positioned to encourage families to discuss screen time with their children's caregivers and to advocate for high quality child care. Efforts to decrease screen time in homes and home-based child care settings are needed.
Asunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño/normas , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Protección a la Infancia , Televisión/estadística & datos numéricos , Juegos de Video , Cuidado del Niño/tendencias , Guarderías Infantiles , Preescolar , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Evaluación de Necesidades , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Medio Social , Factores de Tiempo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
This narrative literature review aimed to identify the publications about health law, in the ambit of child health care. The databases LILACS and MEDLINE were searched, between 2004 and 2009. Thirteen articles were analyzed, and three themes were identified: Emphasis on knowledge, abilities and attitudes for the development of competencies; Partnerships as an imperative; Health and Law: intersectorial relationship. The studies about the practice of health law are relevant to our reality, especially in primary health care, pointing out for the possibilities of its applicability in the role of the nurses acting in the family health strategy, with families and children.
Asunto(s)
Cuidado del Niño , Protección a la Infancia , Niño , Cuidado del Niño/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Protección a la Infancia/legislación & jurisprudencia , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As interventions increasingly emphasize early child care settings, it is necessary to understand the state regulatory context that provides guidelines for outdoor physical activity and safety and sets standards for child care environments. METHODS: Researchers reviewed regulations for child care facilities for 50 states, the District of Columbia and the Virgin Islands. We compared state regulations with national standards for 17 physical activity- and safety-related items for outdoor playground settings outlined in Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards: Guidelines for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs (CFOC). State regulations were coded as fully, partially or not addressing the CFOC standard and state-level summary scores were calculated. RESULTS: On average, state regulations fully addressed one-third of 17 CFOC standards in regulations for centers (34%) and family child care homes (27%). Data suggest insufficient attention to outdoor play area proximity and size, equipment height, surfacing, and inspections. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable variation exists among state regulations related to physical activity promotion and injury prevention within outdoor play areas. Many states' regulations do not comply with published national health and safety standards. Enhancing regulations is one component of a policy approach to promoting safe, physically active child care settings.
Asunto(s)
Cuidadores/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cuidado del Niño/legislación & jurisprudencia , Regulación Gubernamental , Actividad Motora , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Seguridad/estadística & datos numéricos , Gobierno Estatal , Cuidadores/normas , Niño , Cuidado del Niño/normas , Protección a la Infancia , District of Columbia , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Islas Virgenes de los Estados Unidos , Heridas y Lesiones/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Objetivo: Avaliar as condições do transporte de crianças (um a quatro anos) em veículos particulares em Curitiba - PR. Métodos: Delineamento - estudo transversal não controlado. Observação da colocação das crianças no interior dos veículos e preenchimento de protocolo previamente elaborado na saída de uma escola. Não foram avaliados tipo, certificação ou instalação das cadeiras. Resultados: Das 23 crianças do estudo, seis (26,08%) estavam soltas no banco traseiro, cinco (21,73%) presas ao cinto de segurança do banco traseiro, sem nenhum dispositivo de segurança, e nove (39,13%) estavam em cadeiras de segurança fixadas no banco traseiro, viradas para a frente. Três crianças foram transportadas no banco dianteiro, sendo que duas (8,69%) estavam sem o cinto de segurança e a outra (4,34%) presa a ele, todas sem cadeirinhas. Conclusão: As causas externas ocupam o segundo lugar na mortalidade pediátrica brasileira e os transportes o segundo lugar neste grupo. A National Highway Traffic Safety Administration orienta que crianças de um a quatro anos sejam transportadas em cadeirinhas de segurança certificadas e instaladas no banco traseiro dos veículos, viradas para a frente. Mesmo não tendo sido avaliados todos os critérios para o transporte seguro das crianças, em veículos de passeio, 60,86% estavam sendo transportadas incorretamente e apenas 39,13% adequadamente. Os resultados apresentados servem de alerta aos pediatras, para que maior atenção seja dada a esta orientação.