RESUMEN
Chromomycosis is an infection caused by dematiaceous fungi. These fungi belong to several genera with varied clinical presentations and parasitic forms. The disease is roughly classified into three types: chromoblastomycosis, black-grain mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. While there are many kinds of dematiaceous fungi, the major etiologic agent is Fonsecaea pedrosoi, which to date has accounted for 90% of chromoblastomycosis cases. The genus Fonsecaea has recently been assessed via rRNA ITS sequence analysis, and species have been classified into F. pedrosoi, F. monophora, and others. We encountered two cases of chromomycosis that had developed on facial and upper arm areas. Neither of the etiologic agents could be identified through morphological examination under a microscope; however, F. monophora was confirmed using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Indeed, molecular phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the etiologic agents in many reported cases of F. pedrosoi infections were actually F. monophora. This suggests that it is now necessary to reconsider the classification of genus Fonsecaea.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromoblastomicosis/diagnóstico , Cromoblastomicosis/microbiología , Filogenia , Anciano , Ascomicetos/clasificación , Ascomicetos/patogenicidad , Cromoblastomicosis/clasificación , Cromoblastomicosis/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cara , Femenino , Antebrazo , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Dermatomicosis/clasificación , Actinomicosis/diagnóstico , Actinomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Blastomicosis/diagnóstico , Blastomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Cromoblastomicosis/clasificación , Cromoblastomicosis/diagnóstico , Cromoblastomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Coccidioidomicosis/diagnóstico , Coccidioidomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Criptococosis/diagnóstico , Criptococosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomicosis/diagnóstico , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Histoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Histoplasmosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Micetoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Paracoccidioidomicosis/diagnóstico , Paracoccidioidomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Pronóstico , Rinosporidiosis/diagnóstico , Rinosporidiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Esporotricosis/diagnóstico , Esporotricosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Clima Tropical , Cigomicosis/diagnóstico , Cigomicosis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Chromomycosis is a general term to express human and animal fungal infections caused by members of the family Dematiaceae (dark brown or black fungi). Unique host-parasite relationships produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease, sometimes difficult to treat. Four major categories are recognized: 1) Superficial Chromomycosis--A pigmented macule produced by fungus inhabiting exclusively the dead horny layer (stratum corneum) of the skin, as in tinea nigra palmaris. 2) Chromoblastomycosis--A verrucous, slow growing nodule or plaque produced by fungi, characteristically and exclusively present as large brown spherical bodies (chromo bodies) in the dermis. 3) Chromohyphomycosis--A dermal nodule produced by fungi displaying typical brown septated hyphae. Rarely, the fungus may appear as a yeast. It may occur in deeper tissues, i.e., muscles, bone and brain or it may also involve the eye (Keratomycosis). 4) Chromomycetoma--Tumefaction, draining sinuses and presence of colony of organisms as "grain". Dematiaceae are found more frequently in veterinary than in human medicine.