Asunto(s)
Humanos , Trastornos Psicofisiológicos/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Santos/historia , Trastornos Psicofisiológicos/historia , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/historia , Cristianismo/historia , Historia Medieval , EmocionesAsunto(s)
Cristianismo/psicología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Trastornos Psicofisiológicos/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Santos , Cristianismo/historia , Emociones , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/historia , Historia Medieval , Humanos , Trastornos Psicofisiológicos/historia , Santos/historiaRESUMEN
Este artigo trata da disputa gerada por profissionais identificados como "psicólogos cristãos" que defendem publicamente seu direito de oferecer auxílio terapêutico com o fim de reverter a homossexualidade. Esta polêmica adquiriu contornos particulares no Brasil, onde o Conselho Federal de Psicologia desde 1999 proíbe qualquer forma de patologização da orientação sexual. Com base na literatura especializada começamos por expor, por um lado, a trajetória da homossexualidade como objeto de discurso da Psicologia e, por outro, no campo evangélico. A seguir, explicamos a conformação da Psicologia como profissão regulamentada no Brasil. Em seguida, com base em fontes documentais de caráter público, examinamos a posição do Conselho Federal de Psicologia e analisamos as disputas jurídicas travadas por psicólogos que defendem seu direito a tratar a homossexualidade como expressão de desordem moral e desvio patológico. O antagonismo que emerge na polêmica em torno da chamada "cura gay" não opõe simplesmente ciência e religião, mas envolve atores públicos capazes de se localizar estrategicamente em um ou outro campo e de fazer uso do direito em seu favor. Sua capacidade de recolocar a homossexualidade como signo de desvio moral e transtorno mental constela a política sexual como questão de peso para a democracia brasileira.(AU)
This article examines the claims of professionals identified as "Christian psychologists" who publicly defend their right to offer therapy to "reverse homosexuality". This debate took shape when "conversion therapy" was banned by the Brazilian Federal Council of Psychology in 1999. Based on specialized literature, we begin by introducing, on the one hand, the itinerary of homosexuality as object of discourse in Psychology, and in the evangelical field, on the other. And we go on explaining the process of constitution of Psychology as a regulated practice in Brazil. Then, based on public records, we examine the stand taken by the Federal Council of Psychology, and analyze the legal claims made by psychologists who defend their right to treat homosexuality as a moral offense and a mental disorder. The antagonism that emerges in the so-called "gay cure" debate does not simply oppose science and religion but involves public actors capable of strategically placing themselves in one field or the other and use the Law in their favor. Their ability to consider homosexuality as a sign of moral deviance and a mental disorder places sexual politics as a significant issue with regards to Brazilian democracy.(AU)
Este artículo aborda la disputa generada por profesionales identificados como "psicólogos cristianos" que defienden públicamente su derecho a ofrecer apoyo terapéutico con el fin de revertir la homosexualidad. Esta polémica adquirió contornos particulares en Brasil, donde el Consejo Federal de Psicología desde 1999 prohíbe cualquier forma de patologización de la orientación sexual. Basándonos en literatura especializada, comenzamos por exponer, por un lado, la trayectoria de la homosexualidad como objeto de discurso de la Psicología y, por otro, en el campo evangélico. A continuación, explicamos la conformación de la Psicología como profesión reglamentada en Brasil. Luego, basándonso en fuentes documentales de carácter público, examinamos la posición del Consejo Federal de Psicología y analizamos las disputas jurídicas entabladas por psicólogos que defienden su derecho a tratar la homosexualidad como expresión de desorden moral y desvío patológico. El antagonismo que emerge en la polémica en torno de la llamada "cura gay" no opone simplemente ciencia y religión, sino que involucra actores públicos capaces de localizarse estratégicamente en uno u otro campo y de hacer uso del derecho a su favor. Su capacidad de re-colocar la homosexualidad como signo de desvío moral y trastorno mental constela la política sexual como cuestión de peso para la democracia brasileña.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Religión y Psicología , Homosexualidad/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Sexualidad/psicología , PsicologíaRESUMEN
Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico, sus tipos y niveles en función de edad, género, cultura y estrato socioeconómico, así como contemplar las relaciones entre ambas. Se contó con 811 participantes. El 71.6% de la muestra eran musulmanes, mientras que el 28.4% eran cristianos; el 46.1% hombres y el 53.9% mujeres. Como instrumentos de evaluación se empleó el STAIC (Spielberger, 2001) y las calificaciones del alumnado. Se reflejan niveles medio-bajos en ansiedad y medios en rendimiento académico. En la ansiedad influyen edad, género, cultura/religión y estatus socio-económico-cultural. Sobre el rendimiento actúan la edad, la cultura y el estatus. No se halló relación estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico.
Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyze the types and levels of Anxiety and Academic Achievement according to age, gender, culture and socioeconomic and cultural, as well as the relationships between both variables. We focused on 811 participants 71.6% of whom were Muslims and 28.4% Christian; 46.1% male and 53.9% female. The techniques used in this survey were the STAIC (Spielberger, 2001) as well as the students' grades. The results reflect medium-low levels in Anxiety and medium levels in Achievement. Anxiety is influenced by age, gender, culture and status. Academic Achievement is influenced by age, culture and socioeconomic and cultural. There is no statistically significant relationship between Anxiety and Achievement, except in Mathematics, increasing as the Anxiety scores are lower.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ansiedad/psicología , Padres/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Docentes/psicología , Rendimiento Académico/psicología , Regulación Emocional , Islamismo/psicología , EspañaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the auditory hallucinatory experience in a clinical sample of patients with psychiatric symptoms (e.g. Schizophrenia), a religious group (eg. Christians) and a "control" group (with no mental disorder and non-religious). The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes. The patient sample was recruited in two psychiatric hospitals of Buenos Aires City, the religious from an evangelical cult, and people with no religious beliefs or previous psychiatric symptoms (control group). The Hallucinatory Experiences Questionnaire and the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory Feelings and Experiences were the measurement tools used. The White Christmas Test was also administered in order to assess the degree of vivid imagery hearing based on a version of signal detection paradigm in which the subjects think that they hear a song in the background of white noise. The results showed that patients showed greater attributional bias (compared with evangelicals and the control group), but the religious group also tended to show greater bias (although less) than the control group. In addition, patients tended to show greater schizotypal and hallucinatory experiences compared with the evangelicals and the control group, but surprisingly, the control group showed higher negative schizotypy than the religious group, which indicates that religious practices could help reduce the negative effects of schizotypy.
Asunto(s)
Cristianismo/psicología , Alucinaciones/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Sesgo , Femenino , Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Música/psicología , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
O estigma dos profissionais de saúde em relação às pessoas com transtornos mentais é um fenômeno que necessita ser alvo de estudo para que sejam realizadas reflexões e construções de estratégias de intervenções anti-estigma. Um dos métodos utilizados para a investigação do fenômeno é a utilização de escalas de mensuração de estigma. Nessa perspectiva, a escala Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes Scale, versão 4, MICA-4, foi utilizada em um projeto-piloto do Centre for Addiction and Mental Health da Universidade de Toronto, Canadá. Com o compromisso de reproduzir o projeto no Brasil, este estudo buscou adaptar culturamente a MICA-4 para o português brasileiro. Assim, foram realizadas as etapas do processo de adaptação cultural, sendo a primeira delas a tradução, a qual foi realizada por três tradutores. Dois dos tradutores conheciam os objetivos do estudo e o outro os desconhecia. A equipe de pesquisa analisou as três traduções e, com base nessa análise, obteve a Versão Português 4. Essa versão foi encaminhada para o Comitê de Juízes e o índice de concordância para modificações foi de 60%. Por conta desse baixo índice, a equipe de pesquisa manteve a Versão Português 4. Na etapa seguinte, Retrotradução, essa versão foi enviada para dois tradutores nativos de país de língua inglesa e que possuem bom conhecimento da língua portuguesa, originando duas versões em inglês. A equipe de pesquisa enviou para o autor a versão em inglês obtida por meio das comparações entre essas versões. O autor da MICA-4 sugeriu pequenos ajustes na referida versão, os quais não ocasionaram modificações na Versão Português 4. Após, seguiu-se com a fase do pré-teste, onde a Versão Português 4 foi aplicada em 40 profissionais de saúde de Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (87,5%), com média de idade de 45 anos e com formação como técnicos em enfermagem. Nesta fase, os profissionais de saúde sugeriram modificações em dois itens da escala (5 e 11) para melhor compreensão. A equipe de pesquisa acatou as sugestões, originando a Versão Português Final. Dessa forma, ficou demonstrado que este estudo buscou compreender de maneira profunda as considerações dos profissionais de saúde, com o objetivo de realizar rigorosamente o processo de Adaptação Cultural
The stigma of health professionals in relation to people with mental illness is a phenomenon that needs to be studied in order to reflect and construct strategies of antistigma interventions. One of the methods used to investigate the phenomenon is the use of stigma measurement scales. In this perspective, Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes Scale, version 4, MICA-4, was used in a pilot project of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health of the University of Toronto, Canada. With the commitment to reproduce the project in Brazil, this study sought to adapt MICA-4 to Brazilian Portuguese. Thus, the stages of the process of cultural adaptation, were carried out, the first being the translation, which was carried out by three translators. Two of the translators knew the aims of the study and the other did not. The research team analyzed the three translations and, based on this analysis, obtained the Portuguese Version 4. This version was sent to the Judges Committee and the concordance index for modifications was 60%. Because of this low index, the research team maintained the Portuguese Version 4. In the following stage, Back-Translation, this version was sent to two native English-speaking translators who have a good knowledge of the Portuguese language, originating two English versions. The research team sent the author the English version obtained through the comparisons between these versions. The author of MICA-4 suggested small adjustments in the version, which did not cause modifications in the Portuguese Version 4. After, it was followed with the phase of the pre-test, where Portuguese Version 4 was applied in 40 health professionals of Basic Health Units and Family Health Units in the city of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo. Most of the participants were female (87.5%), mean age 45 years old and with educational background as a nursing technician. At this stage, health professionals suggested modifications to two items on the scale (5 and 11) for the better understanding. The research team accepted the suggestions, originating the Portuguese Final Version. In this way, it was demonstrated that this study sought to understand health professionals' considerations, in order to rigorously performing the process of Cultural Adaptation
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cristianismo/psicología , Personal de Salud/psicología , Trastornos MentalesRESUMEN
Elective abortion has become an issue of ethical and political debate in many countries including Mexico. As gynecologists are directly involved in the practice of abortion, it is important to know the psychological meaning that the term 'elective abortion' has for them. This study explores the psychological meaning and attitudes toward elective abortion of one hundred and twenty-three Mexican gynecologists. We used the semantic networks technique, which analyzed the words the participants associated with the term 'elective abortion'. The defining words most frequently used by participants implied a negative sanction. There were important differences by gender and religiosity: male gynecologists, as well as those with strong religious beliefs (mainly Catholics), revealed a more negative psychological meaning and more negative attitudes than females or physicians with weak religious beliefs. A contribution of the present study is that it highlights the importance of psychology to enhancing understanding of the issue of elective abortion.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Inducido/psicología , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Catolicismo , Ginecología , Médicos , Adulto , Catolicismo/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Médicos/psicología , Médicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
The Mapuche communities living in the urban areas of Chile have undergone radical cultural changes due to Christian conversion. This article analyzes the influence of these changes on the Mapuche ideas and practices of the traditional healers (machi) and patients in Temuco (IX Region), Chile, and the changes and adaptations in the perceptions of healing practices and rituals by the patients. The paper shows how, despite some evident challenges, the encounter with the religion of Christianity can create a process of cultural and spiritual syncretism and push traditional medicine toward an increased specialization in the therapeutic practices.
Asunto(s)
Aculturación , Cristianismo/psicología , Indígenas Sudamericanos/psicología , Medicina Tradicional/psicología , Religión y Medicina , Adulto , Anciano , Chile , Cultura , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto/métodos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This article relays the experiences of a nurse practitioner serving in Haiti, before and after the 2010 Earthquake. She concludes, "I realized that God had indeed called me to serve--not as I had envisioned, but as he needed."
Asunto(s)
Cristianismo/psicología , Terremotos , Enfermeras Practicantes/organización & administración , Misiones Religiosas/organización & administración , Enfermería Transcultural/organización & administración , Haití , Humanos , Enfermeras Practicantes/psicología , Misiones Religiosas/psicologíaRESUMEN
A manda is a religious quid pro quo whereby an older Mexican American promises to perform a religious act if the Virgin or one of the saints grants a request. The purpose of this study is to see whether making mandas is associated with health among older Mexican Americans. Findings from the study model suggest that making mandas is associated with a greater sense of personal control, and more personal control is associated, in turn, with better health.
Asunto(s)
Cristianismo/psicología , Estado de Salud , Control Interno-Externo , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Anciano , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Sudoeste de Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Desde os primeiros séculos da era cristã, a sexualidade foi amplamente discutida pelo cristianismo, aparecendo nas pregações, nos tratados teológicos, nas orientações doutrinárias e nos códigos morais. A instituição eclesiástica preocupou-se com a vida sexual da sociedade ocidental, dispondo-se a orientá-la segundo suas prescrições. A partir da revisão da literatura histórica, o presente trabalho demonstra o interesse do cristianismo pela sexualidade a ponto de tentar torná-la domínio exclusivo da Igreja. Ao longo da história, a Igreja cristã desenvolveu mecanismos de observação e instrumentos de controle para manter desejo e sexo sob sua tutela com o propósito de ampliar seus dispositivos de poder. (AU)
Since the early centuries of the Christian era, sexuality has been broadly discussed by Christianity. It has appeared in sermons, theological treatises, doctrinal orientations and moral codes. The ecclesiastical institution has been concerned about the sexual life of Western society, and has decided to guide it according to its prescriptions. Based on a review of the historical literature, the present work shows the interest of Christianity in sexuality as it has tried to make sexuality become the Churchs exclusive domain. Throughout history, the Christian Church developed observation mechanisms and control instruments to keep desire and sex under its protection, aiming to extend its power devices. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Poder Psicológico , Catolicismo/psicología , Cristianismo/psicología , Sexualidad/psicología , Protestantismo/psicología , Abstinencia Sexual/psicologíaRESUMEN
This essay examines inmate "crucifixion protests" in Ecuador's largest prison during 2003-04. It shows how the preventively incarcerated-of whom there are thousands-managed to effectively denounce their extralegal confinement by embodying the violence of the Christian crucifixion story. This form of protest, I argue, simultaneously clarified and obscured the multiple layers of sovereign power that pressed down on urban crime suspects, who found themselves persecuted and forsaken both outside and within the space of the prison. Police enacting zero-tolerance policies in urban neighborhoods are thus a key part of the penal state, as are the politically threatened family members of the indicted, the sensationalized local media, distrustful neighbors, prison guards, and incarcerated mafia. The essay shows how the politico-theological performance of self-crucifixion responded to these internested forms of sovereign violence, and were briefly effective. The inmates' cross intervention hence provides a window into the way sovereignty works in the Ecuadorean penal state, drawing out how incarceration trends and new urban security measures interlink, and produce an array of victims.
Asunto(s)
Cristianismo , Rol Judicial , Sistemas Políticos , Prisiones , Salud Pública , Castigo , Cristianismo/historia , Cristianismo/psicología , Ecuador/etnología , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Rol Judicial/historia , Aplicación de la Ley/historia , Sistemas Políticos/historia , Prisioneros/educación , Prisioneros/historia , Prisioneros/legislación & jurisprudencia , Prisioneros/psicología , Prisiones/economía , Prisiones/educación , Prisiones/historia , Prisiones/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Pública/economía , Salud Pública/educación , Salud Pública/historia , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Castigo/historia , Castigo/psicología , Religión/historia , Medidas de Seguridad/economía , Medidas de Seguridad/historia , Medidas de Seguridad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Violencia/economía , Violencia/etnología , Violencia/historia , Violencia/legislación & jurisprudencia , Violencia/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depressive patients may derive consolation as well as struggle from their religion. Outside the Western-Christian cultures these phenomena did not receive much empirical exploration. The current study aims to describe how positive and negative religious coping strategies relate to depressive symptoms in different ethnic groups in The Netherlands. METHODS: Interview data were derived from the second phase of the Amsterdam Health Monitor, a population based survey, with stratification for ethnicity (native Dutch N=309, Moroccan 180, Turkish 202, Surinamese/Antillean 85). Religious coping was assessed using a 10-item version of Pargament's Brief RCOPE; depression assessment included the SCL-90-R and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The five positive religious coping items constituted one sub-scale, but the five negative religious coping items had to be examined as representing separate coping strategies. Across the ethnic groups, negative religious coping strategies had several positive associations with depressive symptoms, subthreshold depression, and major depressive disorder: the most robust association was found for the item 'wondered whether God has abandoned me'. Other significant associations were found for interpreting situations as punishment by God, questioning whether God exists, and expressing anger to God. LIMITATIONS: Due to the two-phase design and low participation in this urban sample, the non-response was substantial. Therefore, the study focused on associations, not on prevalences. CONCLUSION: The more or less universal finding about 'feeling abandoned by God' may suggest how depression represents an existential void, irrespective of the religious background.
Asunto(s)
Cristianismo/psicología , Comparación Transcultural , Trastorno Depresivo/etnología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Etnicidad/psicología , Islamismo/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Población Urbana , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Marruecos/etnología , Países Bajos , Antillas Holandesas/etnología , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Suriname/etnología , Traducción , Turquía/etnología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to establish test-retest reliability of a Spanish version of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity (Campo-Arias, Oviedo, & Cogollo, 2009) among adolescent students in Cartagena, Colombia. A group of ninth grade students from two public schools in Colombia (N = 157) completed the five-item scale. Cronbach's alphas were .74 and .76 in the first and second administrations, respectively. Both Pearson's rho and intra-class correlation coefficient were .69. A Spanish translation of the 5-item scale had consistent stability over four weeks.
Asunto(s)
Actitud , Cristianismo/psicología , Psicometría , Adolescente , Colombia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , EspañaRESUMEN
The short form of the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity (L. J. Francis, 1992) is a 7-item Likert-type scale that shows high homogeneity among adolescents. The psychometric performance of a shorter version of this scale has not been explored. The authors aimed to determine the internal consistency of a 5-item form of the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity among 405 students from a school in Cartagena, Colombia. The authors computed the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 5 items with a greater corrected item-total punctuation correlation. The version without Items 2 and 7 showed internal consistency of .87. The 5-item version of the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity exhibited higher internal consistency than did the 7-item version. Future researchers should corroborate this finding.
Asunto(s)
Actitud , Cristianismo/psicología , Pruebas Psicológicas , Religión y Psicología , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicología del Adolescente , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , EspañaRESUMEN
Abordarei a corporeidade em Paulo. Boyarin, um judeu norte-americano acusou Paulo de dicotômico na questão da corporeidade. A partir desta ótica, ele reflete sobre as conseqüências que isto trouxe para os judeus até os dias de hoje. Não é verdade. Boyarin, equivocadamente, interpretou Paulo a partir de Filon. Mostrarei aqui um Paulo que vê o ser humano total e completo, a pessoa toda inteira. A partir desta visão, mostro como o apóstolo sugere que a unidade pessoal, portanto, sem dicotomia, leva à unidade comunitária.(AU)
I will treat the concept of corporality in Paul. Boyarin, a North American Jew accuses Paul of dichotomy. And in this view, he reflects on the consequences this has brought to Jews up to the present time. This is not true. Boyarin, equivocally, interprets Paul from the point of view of Philo. I will show here that Paul sees the human as a complete and unified being, an entire human person. And starting from this view I will show how personal unity without any dichotomy can lead to unity in a community.(AU)
Será abordada en este trabajo, la corporeidad en Pablo. Boyarin, un judío estadounidense acusó a Pablo de dicotómico en la cuestión de la corporeidad. A partir de esta óptica, él reflexiona sobre las consecuencias que esto les trajo a los judíos hasta los días actuales. No es verdad. Boyarin, erróneamente, interpretó a Pablo a partir de Filón. Mostraré aquí a un Pablo que ve al ser humano total y completo, a la persona toda, entera. A partir de esta visión, muestro como el apóstol sugiere que la unidad personal, por lo tanto sin dicotomía, lleva a la unidad comunitaria.(AU)