RESUMEN
: In the present study, 90 coprolites from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for 3 diarrhea-inducing protozoan parasites, Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia duodenalis , and Cryptosporidium parvum , to determine whether these parasites were present among the people who utilized this cave 1,200-1,400 yr ago. These people, the Loma San Gabriel, developed as a culture out of the Archaic Los Caracoles population and lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The Loma San Gabriel persisted through a mixed subsistence strategy of hunting-gathering and agricultural production. The results of ELISA testing were negative for both E. histolytica and G. duodenalis across all coprolites. A total of 66/90 (â¼73% prevalence) coprolites tested positive or likely positive for C. parvum . The high prevalence of C. parvum among CMC coprolites contributes to our growing knowledge of the pathoecology among the Loma San Gabriel who utilized CMC. Herein, we report the successful recovery of C. parvum coproantigens from prehistoric coprolites. The recovery of these coproantigens demonstrates the existence of C. parvum in Mesoamerica before European contact in the 1400s.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/aislamiento & purificación , Criptosporidiosis/historia , Cryptosporidium parvum/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Fósiles/parasitología , Cryptosporidium parvum/inmunología , Historia Medieval , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMEN
Twenty-two coprolites of human origin, collected from excavations along the north-central coast of Peru, were examined using fluorescent microscopy for the presence of fecal parasites, with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp., and Cyclospora sp. Three samples were positive. One coprolite dated between ca. 2,375 and 1,525 BC contained Giardia sp. cysts. This coprolite corresponded to the Peruvian preceramic period. Another positive coprolite ca. AD 770-830 corresponded to Epoch 3 of the Middle Horizon and contained Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. The third positive coprolite (corresponding to the Middle Horizon. ca. AD 500-900) contained Giardia sp. cysts. This report demonstrates that Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. were present in Peruvian coastal populations for at least 4,300 and 1,100 BP.
Asunto(s)
Criptosporidiosis/historia , Ciclosporiasis/historia , Heces/parasitología , Giardiasis/historia , Animales , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Cyclospora/aislamiento & purificación , Giardia/aislamiento & purificación , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Paleopatología , PerúRESUMEN
This is a continuation study of the survival of antigenic material over the centuries using mummified human remains from the Andean area of South America. The fluorescent antibody kit from Meridian Diagnostics (Cincinnati, OH) was used to identify some Cryptosporidium species and Giardia species found in feces from the intestines of mummies 500 to 3,000 years old. The specimens that were positive by direct visualization using fluorescent antibody were then tested with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reaction using a Meridian kit just released on the market. Since all of the feces used were formed, it would seem that the organisms found were from carriers rather than active cases of disease. Similar fecal specimens were shown to harbor antigens from Helicobacter pylori almost 3,000 years old.
Asunto(s)
Criptosporidiosis/historia , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Giardia/aislamiento & purificación , Giardiasis/historia , Indígenas Sudamericanos/historia , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Antígenos de Protozoos/análisis , Criptosporidiosis/parasitología , Cryptosporidium/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Giardia/inmunología , Giardiasis/parasitología , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Humanos , Momias , Paleopatología , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , América del SurRESUMEN
La criptosporidiosis es básicamente una infección gastrointestinal causada por protozoarios coccidios pertenecientes al género Cryptosporidium. Tiene una distribución cosmopolita, siendo más frecuente en países en vía de desarrollo. Es una causa frecuente de diarrea en animales y en humanos, sobre todo en menores de 5 años. Constituye un importante problema de Salud Pública a nivel mundial. El mecanismo por el cual el coccidio causa diarrea se desconoce. El diagnóstico generalmente se hace por la detección de los ooquistes en las heces, mediante el uso de diversas técnicas de concentración y tinción. Hasta el presente no existe una droga efectiva: la inmunoterapia se perfila con utilidad potencial. No hay una vacuna disponible para prevenir la infección. Se tratarán los aspectos más importantes de esta infección desde el punto de vista clínico: patogenicidad, inmunidad, sintomatología, diagnóstico, tratamiento, pronóstico y prevención. En forma menos exhaustiva, se describirán otros aspectos del parásito: historia, taxonomía, ciclo evolutivo, morfología y epidemiología