RESUMEN
Se narra el uso del cine comercial para realizar evaluaciones formativas de Psicología en tres grados diferentes de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF): Criminología, Biología Humana y Medicina. Se comparan los resultados en los tres grados. Los estudiantes de Criminología obtuvieron resultados inferiores a los de Biología Humana y de Medicina. (AU)
The use of commercial cinema to carry out formative examinations of Psychology in three different degrees of the Pompeu Fabra University (UPF): Criminology, Human Biology and Medicine is narrated. Results in the three grades are compared. The students of Criminology obtained lower results than those of Human Biology and Medicine. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Películas Cinematográficas , Psicología , Evaluación Educacional , Biología/educación , Criminología/educación , Educación MédicaRESUMEN
Some argue that training and/or coursework in domestic violence (DV) could impact the beliefs criminal justice (CJ) majors have about DV and, in turn, affect their future job performance in cases involving victims of DV. This study examined the association of previous education and training in DV on the beliefs college students hold about what behaviors qualify as DV. Further, it examined the association between CJ versus non-CJ majors on beliefs about DV behaviors. Results indicated prior education on DV, but not training outside of coursework, was associated with differences in students' beliefs about acts of sexual aggression qualifying as DV. Education and training on DV were not significantly related to differences in beliefs about acts of physical or verbal/emotional aggression being DV. Moreover, CJ majors are less likely to believe that verbal/emotional aggression was an act of DV, compared to non-CJ majors. Implications of these findings for policy and educational efforts impacting CJ majors are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Agresión/psicología , Violencia Doméstica/psicología , Percepción Social , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Criminología/educación , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribución por Sexo , Universidades , Virginia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The increasing significance of forensic anthropology in the 21st century, yet unequitable worldwide distribution of expertise, necessitates a stocktaking of the discipline on a local scale. The purpose of this work is to appraise the current state of forensic anthropology in the Philippines and provide the rationale for its further development within the country. Recent efforts in research, education, and legislation that seek to boost Philippine forensic anthropology specifically and forensic sciences generally are highlighted. Furthermore, this work hopes to serve as a springboard for future students, scholars, and practitioners seeking to advance the field in the Philippines.
Asunto(s)
Antropología Forense/organización & administración , Conflictos Armados , Criminología/educación , Curriculum , Desastres , Predicción , Antropología Forense/educación , Antropología Forense/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Licencia Médica , Filipinas , Densidad de Población , Investigación , ViolenciaRESUMEN
Attitudes toward punishment have long been of interest to policymakers, researchers, and criminal justice practitioners. The current study examined the relationship between academic education in criminology and attitudes toward punishment among 477 undergraduate students in three subgroups: police officers, correctional officers, and criminology students who were not employed by the criminal justice system (CJS). Our main findings concluded that (a) punitive attitudes of the correctional officers and police officers at the beginning of their academic studies were harsher than those of the criminology and criminal justice students who were not employed by the CJS, (b) punitive attitudes of the correctional officers at the end of their academic studies were less severe than their first-year counterparts, (c) fear of crime was higher among women than among men, and (d) the strongest predictor of punitive attitudes was a firm belief in the principles of the classical and labeling theories (beyond group). Implications of these results are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Actitud , Derecho Penal/educación , Criminología/educación , Castigo/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto , Crimen/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Miedo , Femenino , Humanos , Israel , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Policia/psicología , Factores Sexuales , Estadística como Asunto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Meta-analyses reveal that behavioral differences between liars and truth tellers are small. To facilitate lie detection, researchers are currently developing interviewing approaches to increase these differences. Some of these approaches assume that lying is cognitively more difficult than truth telling; however, they are not based on specific cognitive theories of lie production, which are rare. Here we examined one existing theory, Walczyk et al.'s (2014) Activation-Decision-Construction-Action Theory (ADCAT). We tested the Decision component. According to ADCAT, people decide whether to lie or tell the truth as if they were using a specific mathematical formula to calculate the motivation to lie from (a) the probability of a number of outcomes derived from lying vs. telling the truth, and (b) the costs/benefits associated with each outcome. In this study, participants read several hypothetical scenarios and indicated whether they would lie or tell the truth in each scenario (Questionnaire 1). Next, they answered several questions about the consequences of lying vs. telling the truth in each scenario, and rated the probability and valence of each consequence (Questionnaire 2). Significant associations were found between the participants' dichotomous decision to lie/tell the truth in Questionnaire 1 and their motivation to lie scores calculated from the Questionnaire 2 data. However, interestingly, whereas the expected consequences of truth telling were associated with the decision to lie vs. tell the truth, the expected consequences of lying were not. Suggestions are made to refine ADCAT, which can be a useful theoretical framework to guide deception research.
Asunto(s)
Decepción , Toma de Decisiones , Teoría Psicológica , Revelación de la Verdad , Adolescente , Adulto , Criminología/educación , Femenino , Humanos , Juicio , Masculino , Motivación , Probabilidad , Estudiantes/psicologíaRESUMEN
Frontline workers in the area of child welfare often enter the field without having taken any specialized coursework in the area of child maltreatment. This article discusses an interdisciplinary certificate program that is specifically designed to teach persons from various academic areas the knowledge and skills necessary to work with children who experience maltreatment. The child advocacy studies certificate program specifically focuses on coursework in the area of child maltreatment and child advocacy to better train future frontline workers in their vital roles. This certificate will decrease underreporting of child abuse cases by mandated reporters by making them more aware of the signs and symptoms of child maltreatment and also give students a greater understanding of how to work with individuals from various fields.
Asunto(s)
Maltrato a los Niños/terapia , Personal de Salud/educación , Relaciones Interprofesionales , Servicio Social/educación , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/legislación & jurisprudencia , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Defensa del Niño/legislación & jurisprudencia , Defensa del Niño/psicología , Conducta Cooperativa , Criminología/educación , Humanos , Salud MentalRESUMEN
Development of behavioral pattern recognition and analysis skills is an essential element of Counter-Terrorism training, particularly in the field. Three classes of behavioral measures were collected in an assessment of skill acquisition during a US Joint Forces Command-sponsored course consisting of Combat Tracking and Combat Profiling segments. Measures included situational judgment tests, structured behavioral observation checklists, and qualitative assessments of the emergence of specific knowledge-skills-attitudes over the course of the training. The paper describes statistical evidence across the three types of measures that indicate that behavioral pattern recognition and analysis skills were successfully acquired by most students (a mix of Army and civilian law enforcement personnel) during the field training exercises. Implications for broader training of these critical skills are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Criminología/educación , Enseñanza/métodos , Terrorismo/prevención & control , Actitud , Lista de Verificación , Cognición , Conducta Peligrosa , Toma de Decisiones , Humanos , Intuición , Juicio , Aplicación de la Ley , Aprendizaje , Procesos Mentales/fisiología , Personal Militar/educación , Destreza Motora , Patrones de Reconocimiento FisiológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The strategies of novice and expert crime scene examiners were compared in searching crime scenes. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that experts frame a scene through reconstructing the likely actions of a criminal and use contextual cues to develop hypotheses that guide subsequent search for evidence. METHOD: Novice (first-year undergraduate students of forensic sciences) and expert (experienced crime scene examiners) examined two "simulated" crime scenes. Performance was captured through a combination of concurrent verbal protocol and own-point recording, using head-mounted cameras. RESULTS: Although both groups paid attention to the likely modus operandi of the perpetrator (in terms of possible actions taken), the novices paid more attention to individual objects, whereas the experts paid more attention to objects with "evidential value." Novices explore the scene in terms of the objects that it contains, whereas experts consider the evidence analysis that can be performed as a consequence of the examination. CONCLUSION: The suggestion is that the novices are putting effort into detailing the scene in terms of its features, whereas the experts are putting effort into the likely actions that can be performed as a consequence of the examination. APPLICATION: The findings have helped in developing the expertise of novice crime scene examiners and approaches to training of expertise within this population.
Asunto(s)
Crimen , Criminología/organización & administración , Competencia Profesional , Adulto , Criminología/educación , Criminología/normas , Señales (Psicología) , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Providing care for patients who have carried out criminal acts is a source of questioning for caregivers, who must position themselves in this specific care relationship. For three years, the nursing training institute (IFSI) in Orthez has offered students an optional module in criminology. Through discussions and critical reflection, its aim is to enable future nurses to be better prepared.
Asunto(s)
Psicología Criminal , Criminología/educación , Prisioneros/psicología , Enfermería Psiquiátrica/educación , Curriculum , Conducta Peligrosa , Empatía , Francia , Humanos , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , PrisionesRESUMEN
This essay presents an overview of artists and writers who read Freud's work in Mexico between 1920 and 1968. The focus is on cultural readings of Freud: non-clinical interpretations of psychoanalysis that applied Freud's theory to literary, artistic, philosophical, or religious questions. The essay focuses on Salvador Novo, one of the poets associated with the Contemporáneos group, and his reading of the "Three Essays in the Theory of Sexuality;" Raúl Carrancá y Trujillo, a judge and criminologist who used psychoanalysis in his work, including the trial of Trotky's assassin; Octavio Paz, a poet and intellectual who wrote an essay on Mexican history, "The Labyrinth of Solitude," as a response to "Moses and Monotheism;" and Gregorio Lemercier, a Benedictine monk who placed his monastery in group analysis. These unorthodox readings of Freud opened the door for some of the most daring intellectual experiments in the 20th century.
Asunto(s)
Diversidad Cultural , Teoría Freudiana , Psicoanálisis , Publicaciones , Austria/etnología , Autoria/historia , Criminología/educación , Criminología/historia , Características Culturales/historia , Teoría Freudiana/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , México/etnología , Filosofía/historia , Psicoanálisis/educación , Psicoanálisis/historia , Publicaciones/historia , Religión/historiaAsunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Etnicidad , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Delitos Sexuales , Sexología , Clase Social , Víctimas de Crimen/historia , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Criminología/educación , Criminología/historia , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Europa Oriental/etnología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Medios de Comunicación de Masas/historia , Psiquiatría/educación , Psiquiatría/historia , Opinión Pública/historia , Delitos Sexuales/etnología , Delitos Sexuales/historia , Delitos Sexuales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Sexología/educación , Sexología/historia , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Conducta Sexual/historia , Conducta Sexual/fisiología , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Clase Social/historia , Condiciones Sociales/economía , Condiciones Sociales/historia , Condiciones Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Urbana/historia , Población Urbana/historiaRESUMEN
Students learn science by actually performing science activities. The 12 laboratories described in this article assist students in applying the fundamental techniques germane to the field of forensic science to "solve" contrived cases and present "evidence" in a mock trial. Moreover, students are also confronted with some of the legal and ethical issues concerning the validity, reliability, and application of some forensic techniques. The pedagogical design of the laboratory course provides a rich, challenging, and interdisciplinary academic experience intended to augment and compliment the didactic forensic lecture portion of the course. This laboratory course was designed to engender, embody, and articulate one of the University's directive goals to support interdisciplinary teaching, research, and programming. Because we developed the laboratories on minimal funds, we demonstrated that it could be cost-effective. And thus, we recommend a laboratory science course be included as part of the curriculum of all forensic nursing students and practitioners.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Criminología/educación , Testimonio de Experto , Enfermería Forense/educación , Boston , Equipos y Suministros/economía , Humanos , Desarrollo de Programa , Enseñanza/métodosRESUMEN
Psychological police interrogation methods in America inevitably involve some level of pressure and persuasion to achieve their goal of eliciting confessions of guilt from custodial suspects. In this article, we surveyed potential jurors about their perceptions of a range of psychological interrogation techniques, the likelihood that such techniques would elicit a true confession from guilty suspects, and the likelihood that such techniques could elicit a false confession from innocent suspects. Participants recognized that these interrogation techniques may be psychologically coercive and may elicit true confessions, but believed that psychologically coercive interrogation techniques are not likely to elicit false confessions. The findings from this survey study indicate that potential jurors believe that false confessions are both counter- intuitive and unlikely, even in response to psychologically coercive interrogation techniques that have been shown to lead to false confessions from the innocent. This study provides empirical support for the idea that expert witnesses may helpfully inform jurors about the social science research on psychologically coercive interrogation methods and how and why such interrogation techniques can lead to false confessions.
Asunto(s)
Coerción , Decepción , Entrevistas como Asunto/métodos , Conocimiento , Policia , California , Crimen/legislación & jurisprudencia , Criminología/educación , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Juicio , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In late nineteenth-century France, several criminologists maintained that the perpetrators of the contemporary wave of anarchist terrorism were victims of mental disorders who deserved judicial leniency. French courts did not accept this theory, but instead declared the principal terrorists sane and fully responsible for their crimes and, based on this view, handed down severe sentences. Many criminologists accused the jurists of deliberately ignoring the mental illness of the anarchists because of government and public pressures to impose the death penalty, but evidence from the anarchist trials fails to support this charge. The controversy highlights the conflicts between the judicial establishment and the emerging discipline of criminology, whose pathological explanations of anarchist terrorism reflected a positivist attack on the traditional concepts of free will and moral responsibility, concepts the jurists viewed as fundamental to the legal system.