RESUMEN
Introduction: The antiviral activity of recombinant bovine interferon lambda 3 (bovIFN-λ3) against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been demonstrated in vitro in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK) and in vivo in cattle. However, anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 has not been studied in bovine respiratory tract epithelial cells, supposedly a primary target of BVDV infection when entering the host by the oronasal route. Methods: Here we investigated the anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 in bovine turbinate-derived primary epithelial cells (BTu) using BVDV infection and immunoperoxidase staining, TCID50, RT-qPCR, DNA and transcriptome sequencing, and transfection with plasmids containing the two subunits, IL-28Rα and IL-10Rß that constitute the bovIFN-λ3 receptor. Results: Our immunoperoxidase staining, RT-qPCR, and TCID50 results show that while BVDV was successfully cleared in MDBK cells treated with bovIFN-λ3 and bovIFN-α, only the latter, bovIFN-α, cleared BVDV in BTu cells. Preincubation of MDBK cells with bovIFN-λ3 before BVDV infection was needed to induce optimal antiviral state. Both cell types displayed intact type I and III IFN signaling pathways and expressed similar levels of IL-10Rß subunit of the type III IFN receptor. Sequencing of PCR amplicon of the IL-28Rα subunit revealed intact transmembrane domain and lack of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BTu cells. However, RT-qPCR and transcriptomic analyses showed a lower expression of IL-28Rα transcripts in BTu cells as compared to MDBK cells. Interestingly, transfection of BTu cells with a plasmid encoding IL-28Rα subunit, but not IL-10Rß subunit, established the bovIFN-λ3 sensitivity showing similar anti-BVDV activity to the response in MDBK cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of cells to bovIFN-λ3 depends not only on the quality but also of the quantity of the IL-28Rα subunit of the heterodimeric receptor. A reduction in IL-28Rα transcript expression was detected in BTu as compared to MDBK cells, despite the absence of spliced variants or SNPs. The establishment of bovIFN-λ3 induced anti-BVDV activity in BTu cells transfected with an IL-28Rα plasmid suggests that the level of expression of this receptor subunit is crucial for the specific antiviral activity of type III IFN in these cells.
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Interferón lambda , Interferones , Cornetes Nasales , Animales , Bovinos , Interferones/metabolismo , Interferones/inmunología , Cornetes Nasales/virología , Cornetes Nasales/inmunología , Cornetes Nasales/metabolismo , Antivirales/farmacología , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/inmunología , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/fisiología , Receptores de Interleucina/genética , Receptores de Interleucina/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/virología , Células Epiteliales/inmunología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Interleucinas/genética , Interleucinas/farmacología , Interleucinas/inmunología , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/inmunología , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/virología , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Subunidad beta del Receptor de Interleucina-10/genética , Subunidad beta del Receptor de Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Receptores de CitocinasRESUMEN
To compare the success rates of probing with or without monocanalicular intubation, and/or inferior turbinate fracture in resolving simple congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on children aged 12-36 months exhibiting symptoms of epiphora and/or mucous discharge along with a positive fluorescein dye disappearance test (DDT). Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: (1) probing; (2) probing and monocanalicular intubation; (3) probing and inferior turbinate fracture; (4) probing, inferior turbinate fracture, and monocanalicular intubation. Participants were categorized into two age groups (12-24 months and 24-36 months) and assessed for resolution of CNLDO three months post-surgery. Success was defined as the absence of epiphora or mucopurulent discharge and a negative DDT. Among the 201 participants, 51 underwent probing alone, 53 underwent probing with intubation, 47 underwent probing with turbinate fracture, and 50 underwent probing with turbinate fracture and intubation. No significant differences were observed in age, gender, or laterality of the disease between the groups (Ps > 0.05). While there was no significant difference in success rates among interventions in both age groups (Ps > 0.05), patients aged 24-36 months who underwent interventions involving intubation exhibited a significantly higher success rate compared to those without intubation (93.0% vs. 76.2%; P = 0.018). However, this difference was not observed in patients aged 12-24 months (95.7% vs. 92.9%; P = 0.551). Incorporating interventions such as intubation and/or turbinate fracture alongside conventional probing does not significantly alter the success rate of simple CNLDO resolution in children aged 12-24 months. However, older patients (24-36 months) may derive greater benefits from interventions involving intubation.
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Intubación , Obstrucción del Conducto Lagrimal , Conducto Nasolagrimal , Cornetes Nasales , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Lactante , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Obstrucción del Conducto Lagrimal/congénito , Obstrucción del Conducto Lagrimal/terapia , Preescolar , Conducto Nasolagrimal/cirugía , Método Doble Ciego , Intubación/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Dacriocistorrinostomía/métodosRESUMEN
Adhesion of the middle turbinate to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and synechia of the middle meatus are one of the common reasons for the failure of surgical interventions for chronic sinusitis. The use of specially shaped intranasal splints can solve the problem of preventing synechiae in the postoperative period. Many different devices and approaches have been proposed to prevent the development of this category of complications. This study proposes an anatomical version of the splint for the middle turbinate, developed using 3D computer modeling technologies followed by printing from a biocompatible elastic material on a Formlabs 3BL 3D printer. The shape and size of the splint were developed based on the analysis of computed tomography data of 50 adult patients. The safety of the developed device was studied in a group of 20 volunteers in whom the developed splint was installed on one side of the nasal cavity for 2 weeks after bilateral surgery. According to endoscopic examination and patient questionnaires, the developed splint did not cause local or systemic allergic reactions and did not create additional discomfort for the patient in the postoperative period. Installing a splint helped prevent the formation of synechiae. However, to determine clinical effectiveness, a study with a larger sample of patients is required.
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Impresión Tridimensional , Férulas (Fijadores) , Cornetes Nasales , Humanos , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Sinusitis/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Diseño de Equipo , Adherencias Tisulares/prevención & control , Adherencias Tisulares/etiología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effectiveness of a 30-degree anteriorly tilted coronal CT in visualizing the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. METHODS: Medical records and CTs of patients who underwent septoplasty, inferior turbinectomy, or endoscopic sinus surgery were reviewed. We evaluated the visibility of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus on conventional coronal CT scans and categorized its orientation. We then created anteriorly tilted coronal CT images to evaluate its improved visibility. RESULTS: A total of 129 patients were evaluated. While conventional coronal CT scans fully visualized the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus in cases with an Onodi cell, 17.7% remained unidentified when the Onodi cell was absent. However, anteriorly tilted coronal CT scans consistently identified the anterior wall regardless of the presence of an Onodi cell. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the effectiveness of anteriorly tilted coronal CT scans in consistently visualizing the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus, regardless of the presence of an Onodi cell. It is possible that some other structures may become less identifiable on anteriorly tilted coronal CT.
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Seno Esfenoidal , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Seno Esfenoidal/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , Endoscopía/métodos , Adulto Joven , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Tabique Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tabique Nasal/cirugíaRESUMEN
The article presents the results of a study that included 127 children aged 8 to 17 years with a diagnosis of turbinate hypertrophy. The children are divided into three groups depending on the chosen vasotomy method. The methods of vasotomy were determined, after which there was a faster restoration of mucociliary clearance of the mucous membrane of the lower nasal concha.
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Hipertrofia , Depuración Mucociliar , Mucosa Nasal , Cornetes Nasales , Humanos , Depuración Mucociliar/fisiología , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Niño , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Mucosa Nasal/cirugía , Mucosa Nasal/fisiopatología , Hipertrofia/fisiopatología , Hipertrofia/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Obstrucción Nasal/cirugía , Obstrucción Nasal/fisiopatología , Obstrucción Nasal/diagnóstico , Obstrucción Nasal/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the effect of Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction (RFVTR) on hypertrophic turbinates and clinical outcome in brachycephalic dogs when included in multi-level surgery (MLS). STUDY DESIGN: Clinical retrospective multicenter study. ANIMALS: 132 client-owned brachycephalic dogs. METHODS: 132 brachycephalic dogs with high-grade Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Ayndrome (BOAS) and hypertrophic turbinates were treated with RFVTR as part of MLS of the upper airways. Intranasal obstruction was evaluated by computer tomography (CT) and antero-/retrograde rhinoscopy before and 6 months after RFVTR. The clinical records, the CT images and the rhinoscopy videos were reviewed and clinical evolution was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. The data was scored semi-quantitatively. RESULTS: In this study, 132 patients were included for a follow-up period of 120 weeks. RFVTR resulted in minor complications, including serous nasal discharge within the first postoperative week in all dogs, and intermittent nasal congestion between 3-8 weeks after treatment in 24.3% of the patients. Rhinoscopy and CT follow-ups were available for 33 patients. Six months after treatment intranasal airspace was increased (p = 0.002) and the presence and overall amount of mucosal contact points was reduced (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: MLS with RFVTR led to a significant reduction in turbinate volume at the 6-month follow-up examination and significant clinical improvement over a long-term period of 120 weeks. This suggests the viability of RFVTR as a turbinate-preserving treatment for intranasal obstruction in dogs with BOAS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: RFVTR is a minimally invasive turbinoplasty technique for intranasal obstruction in dogs with BOAS and can be included in MLS without increasing complication rates.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Cornetes Nasales , Animales , Perros , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Cornetes Nasales/patología , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Obstrucción Nasal/cirugía , Obstrucción Nasal/veterinaria , Obstrucción Nasal/patología , Hipertrofia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/veterinaria , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/cirugía , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine which comorbidities were associated with intractable epistaxis requiring electrocauterization or embolization, and to identify the location where intractable epistaxis frequently occurred. METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups: patients with epistaxis successfully controlled in outpatient department (OPD) and those with intractable epistaxis in OPD which was controlled by surgical exploration or arterial embolization (OP/EM). Evaluations of the bleeding locations, related vessels, and patient's comorbidities were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 41 patients from the OP/EM group and 725 patients from the OPD group were enrolled. The following comorbidities showed elevated risks of the intractable epistaxis (p< 0.05) in multivariate analysis; hypertension (OR 1.089, 95% CI 1.049 - 1.132), dyslipidemia (1.132, 1.041 - 1.232), liver cirrhosis (1.272, 1.152 - 1.406), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.234, 1.078 - 1.412) and asthma (1.205, 1.053 - 1.379). Inferior and middle turbinate were equally the most common location of the intractable bleeding. CONCLUSION: In patients with epistaxis requiring hemostatic treatments, comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, liver diseases, COPD, and asthma were associated with intractable epistaxis. The main bleeding sites of intractable epistaxis were the middle and inferior turbinate.
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Comorbilidad , Dislipidemias , Embolización Terapéutica , Epistaxis , Hipertensión , Humanos , Epistaxis/epidemiología , Epistaxis/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Adulto , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/epidemiología , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Electrocoagulación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis Multivariante , Adulto Joven , Estudios Retrospectivos , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Nasal vaccination elicits a humoral immune response that provides protection from airborne pathogens1, yet the origins and specific immune niches of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the upper airways are unclear2. Here we define nasal glandular acinar structures and the turbinates as immunological niches that recruit IgA-secreting plasma cells from the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALTs)3. Using intact organ imaging, we demonstrate that nasal vaccination induces B cell expansion in the subepithelial dome of the NALT, followed by invasion into commensal-bacteria-driven chronic germinal centres in a T cell-dependent manner. Initiation of the germinal centre response in the NALT requires pre-expansion of antigen-specific T cells, which interact with cognate B cells in interfollicular regions. NALT ablation and blockade of PSGL-1, which mediates interactions with endothelial cell selectins, demonstrated that NALT-derived IgA-expressing B cells home to the turbinate region through the circulation, where they are positioned primarily around glandular acinar structures. CCL28 expression was increased in the turbinates in response to vaccination and promoted homing of IgA+ B cells to this site. Thus, in response to nasal vaccination, the glandular acini and turbinates provide immunological niches that host NALT-derived IgA-secreting cells. These cellular events could be manipulated in vaccine design or in the treatment of upper airway allergic responses.
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Inmunoglobulina A , Tejido Linfoide , Mucosa Nasal , Células Plasmáticas , Linfocitos T , Cornetes Nasales , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Bacterias/inmunología , Movimiento Celular , Quimiocinas CC/inmunología , Quimiocinas CC/metabolismo , Centro Germinal/inmunología , Centro Germinal/citología , Inmunoglobulina A/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Tejido Linfoide/inmunología , Tejido Linfoide/citología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mucosa Nasal/citología , Mucosa Nasal/inmunología , Células Plasmáticas/inmunología , Células Plasmáticas/citología , Células Plasmáticas/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/citología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Cornetes Nasales/citología , Cornetes Nasales/inmunología , Vacunación , Administración Intranasal , Vacunas/inmunología , SimbiosisRESUMEN
KEY POINTS: A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model can accurately localize and segment turbinates in images obtained during nasal endoscopy (NE). This model represents a starting point for algorithms that comprehensively interpret NE findings.
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Endoscopía , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Humanos , Endoscopía/métodos , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , Cornetes Nasales/anatomía & histología , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Cornetes Nasales/patología , Algoritmos , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The nasal cavity of living mammals is a unique structural complex among tetrapods, acquired along a series of major morphological transformations that occurred mainly during the Mesozoic Era, within the Synapsida clade. Particularly, non-mammaliaform cynodonts document several morphological changes in the skull, during the Triassic Period, that represent the first steps of the mammalian bauplan. We here explore the nasal cavity of five cynodont taxa, namely Thrinaxodon, Chiniquodon, Prozostrodon, Riograndia, and Brasilodon, in order to discuss the main changes within this skull region. We did not identify ossified turbinals in the nasal cavity of these taxa and if present, as non-ossified structures, they would not necessarily be associated with temperature control or the development of endothermy. We do, however, notice a complexification of the cartilage anchoring structures that divide the nasal cavity and separate it from the brain region in these forerunners of mammals.
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Fósiles , Mamíferos , Cráneo , Cornetes Nasales , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Animales , Mamíferos/anatomía & histología , Fósiles/anatomía & histología , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , América del Sur , Cornetes Nasales/anatomía & histología , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Evolución Biológica , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histología , Cavidad Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , FilogeniaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To compare and measure post-operative outcomes among various surgical techniques for reducing inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH), and to identify the factors associated with the clinical outcomes of turbinoplasty in patients with this condition. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2021 to December 2022 at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 301 adult patients with ITH were included and were divided into different groups. Postoperative follow-up assessments were completed after one week, one month, and 6 months to evaluate outcomes and complications associated with each surgical technique; descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation, and exact logistic regression were utilized as data analysis methods. RESULTS: Most patients in both groups experienced partial or complete improvement after surgery, with 92% showing positive outcomes. Common clinical signs included deviated nasal septum deviation and external nasal deformity, while nasal obstruction was most frequently reported as the primary symptom. Post-surgery bleeding occurred in 3.7% of cases; no adhesions were noted. Microdebrider, medial flap, out-fracture, and submucosal diathermy techniques all demonstrated significantly higher improvement rates than others. CONCLUSION: The identified techniques with higher improvement rates offer evidence-based guidance for selecting optimal surgical approaches, while the study's limitations warrant further prospective research to validate these findings. Ultimately, it contributes valuable knowledge to the field of otorhinolaryngology, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and improve the management of ITH worldwide.
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Hipertrofia , Obstrucción Nasal , Cornetes Nasales , Humanos , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Hipertrofia/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Obstrucción Nasal/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Arabia Saudita , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Tabique Nasal/cirugía , Adulto Joven , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/etiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing canine nasal diseases. However, it cannot easily detect minor abnormalities in inflammatory diseases because they are not accompanied by obvious morphological changes. Aim: The present study aimed to compare the differences in normal CT findings of turbinate structure and mucosa between breeds to establish criteria for CT diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity. Methods: CT data from 77 dogs of 5 breeds without nasal diseases were retrospectively studied. The nasal air percentage, which reflects the volume of the nasal turbinate structure and mucosa, was measured. The nasal turbinate mucosa was measured for contrast enhancement reflecting blood flow. Measurements were performed in the ventral and ethmoid turbinate (ET) regions. Comparisons were made between breeds and sections. Results: The air percentage in the ventral and ET regions was significantly different between breeds. Contrast enhancement was significantly different between breeds only in the ET. Moreover, different breeds had different correlations between body weight, age, nose length, and air percentage. Conclusion: In this study, reference values for normal CT findings of the nasal structure and mucosa were obtained, taking into account the breed, measurement section, and patient factors. The results showed that the volume of the turbinate structure and contrast enhancement of nasal mucosa differed depending on the breed. The measured values also differed depending on the cross-sections and patient factors.
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Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Cornetes Nasales , Animales , Perros/anatomía & histología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Cornetes Nasales/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Mucosa Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Mucosa Nasal/anatomía & histología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Cavidad Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Decongestion reduces blood flow in the nasal turbinates, enlarging the airway lumen. Although the enlarged airspace reduces the trans-nasal inspiratory pressure drop, symptoms of nasal obstruction may relate to nasal cavity air-conditioning. Thus, it is necessary to quantify the efficiency of nasal cavity conditioning of the inhaled air. This study quantifies both overall and regional nasal air-conditioning in a cohort of 10 healthy subjects using computational fluid dynamics simulations before and after nasal decongestion. The 3D virtual geometry model was segmented from magnetic resonance images (MRI). Each subject was under two MRI acquisitions before and after the decongestion condition. The effects of decongestion on nasal cavity air conditioning efficiency were modelled at two inspiratory flowrates: 15 and 30 L min-1 to represent restful and light exercise conditions. Results show inhaled air was both heated and humidified up to 90% of alveolar conditions at the posterior septum. The air-conditioning efficiency of the nasal cavity remained nearly constant between nostril and posterior septum but dropped significantly after posterior septum. In summary, nasal cavity decongestion not only reduces inhaled air added heat by 23% and added moisture content by 19%, but also reduces the air-conditioning efficiency by 35% on average.
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Cavidad Nasal , Obstrucción Nasal , Humanos , Cavidad Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cavidad Nasal/fisiología , Aire Acondicionado , Estudios de Cohortes , Cornetes Nasales , Hipertrofia , Simulación por ComputadorRESUMEN
This case report describes a patient in their 40s with a history of bronchiectasis, azoospermia, and epididymal cysts who presented with bilateral nasal obstruction.
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Senos Paranasales , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Cornetes Nasales , Humanos , Senos Paranasales/anomalías , Senos Paranasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Cornetes Nasales/anomalías , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Cornetes Nasales/patologíaRESUMEN
Nasal obstruction is a commonly reported issue in the Otorhinolaryngology Outpatient Department. In this case, an early adolescent boy with a long-standing problem of right-sided nasal obstruction since childhood sought consultation. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed a deviation of the nasal septum to the left, coupled with right inferior turbinate hypertrophy, all overlying healthy mucosa. A CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses further identified a bony hyperdense lesion with ground glass attenuation, confined to the right inferior turbinate. Subsequent biopsy confirmed juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF). The patient underwent endoscopic right medial maxillectomy, and the final histology affirmed the diagnosis of JTOF.
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Neoplasias Óseas , Enfermedades de los Cartílagos , Fibroma Osificante , Obstrucción Nasal , Senos Paranasales , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Cornetes Nasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Cornetes Nasales/patología , Fibroma Osificante/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibroma Osificante/cirugía , Obstrucción Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Obstrucción Nasal/etiología , Obstrucción Nasal/patología , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Enfermedades de los Cartílagos/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, following Alzheimer's disease. The onset of PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Stem cell therapy has great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and human nasal turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs) have been found to share some characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells. Although the Hippo signaling pathway was originally thought to regulate cell size in organs, recent studies have shown that it can also control inflammation in neural cells. METHODS: Dopaminergic neuron-like cells were differentiated from SH-SY5Y cells (DA-Like cells) and treated with 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide to stimulate Reactive oxidative species (ROS) production. A transwell assay was conducted to validate the effect of hNTSCs on the Hippo pathway. We generated an MPTP-induced PD mouse model and transplanted hNTSCs into the substantia nigra of PD mice via stereotaxic surgery. After five weeks of behavioral testing, the brain samples were validated by immunoblotting and immunostaining to confirm the niche control of hNTSCs. RESULTS: In-vitro experiments showed that hNTSCs significantly increased cell survival and exerted anti-inflammatory effects by controlling ROS-mediated ER stress and hippocampal signaling pathway factors. Similarly, the in-vivo experiments demonstrated an increase in anti-inflammatory effects and cell survival rate. After transplantation of hNTSCs, the PD mouse model showed improved mobility and relief from PD symptoms. CONCLUSION: hNTSCs improved the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons by manipulating the hippocampal pathway through Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) by reducing inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we found that controlling the niche of hNTSCs had a therapeutic effect on PD lesions.
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Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Células-Madre Neurales , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Transducción de Señal , Cornetes Nasales , Humanos , Animales , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/terapia , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Ratones , Cornetes Nasales/metabolismo , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/metabolismo , Porción Compacta de la Sustancia Negra/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Sustancia Negra/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Diferenciación CelularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the economic impact of a minimally invasive temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) device for treating nasal airway obstruction (NAO). METHODS: A budget impact model was developed for two scenarios: a reference scenario of functional rhinoplasty surgery with concomitant septoplasty and inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) performed in the hospital outpatient department where TCRF is not an available treatment option and a new scenario consisting of in-office TCRF treatment of the nasal valve and ITR. A payor perspective was adopted with a hypothetical population plan size of one million members. Costs were estimated over a time horizon of 4 years. The eligible population included patients with severe/extreme NAO and nasal valve collapse (NVC) as the primary cause or significant contributor. Data inputs were sourced from targeted literature reviews. Uncertainty within the model structure and input parameters was assessed using one-way sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: The introduction of a TCRF device resulted in population-level cost savings of $20,015,123 and per-responder average cost savings of $3531 through a 4-year time horizon due to lower procedure costs and complication rates of the device relative to the surgical comparator. Results were robust when varying parameter values in sensitivity analyses, with cost savings being most sensitive to the prevalence of NAO and estimated response rates to functional rhinoplasty and TCRF. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe/extreme NAO, with NVC as the primary or major contributor, introducing TCRF with ITR as a treatment option demonstrates the potential for significant cost savings over functional rhinoplasty with septoplasty and ITR.
Nasal valve dysfunction is a common cause of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) that has a significant impact on heath and quality of life for affected individuals. Previously, patients were offered temporary measures or a type of surgery called functional rhinoplasty which is a highly complex surgery that can be costly, requires recovery time, and in rare cases, not be successful. Recently, a new minimally invasive treatment alternative for NAO called temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) that may be performed in a surgery center or a doctor's office has become available. This paper provides the results of budget impact analysis performed to assess whether adding the TCRF procedure in place of surgery as a choice for patients with NAO will result in cost savings to an insurance payer with 1 million covered individuals in the United States over a period of 4 years. Results show that TCRF may result in an average of 9,416 fewer rhinoplasty surgeries, provide an average 4-year cost-savings of $3,531 for every patient that responds to TCRF treatment, and a savings of $20,015,123 over 4 years for the insurance provider. These potential cost savings over 4 years would likely be due to reduced procedure costs and complication rates compared to surgery.
Asunto(s)
Obstrucción Nasal , Rinoplastia , Humanos , Obstrucción Nasal/cirugía , Obstrucción Nasal/economía , Estados Unidos , Rinoplastia/economía , Rinoplastia/métodos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Cornetes Nasales/cirugía , Ahorro de Costo , Modelos Econométricos , Tabique Nasal/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the correlations between subjective nasal patency, nasal valve area size and aerodynamic parameters in normal nasal cavity by means of numerical simulation, and to explore the effect of nasal valve on nasal subjective sensation and nasal airflow regulation. Methods: A total of 52 healthy participants (31 males and 21 females) with the average age of 37.8 years, were recruited from the outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University between January and August 2023. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for unilateral nasal subjective sensation were obtained from all participants. Additionally, the aerodynamic characteristics of inspiratory airflow were simulated. A correlation matrix analysis was conducted to identify the correlation strength between these subjective and objective parameters. Results: VAS scores showed negative correlations with unilateral nasal valve cross-sectional area (r=-0.85, P<0.01) and unilateral intranasal airflow (r=-0.57, P<0.01), and was a positive correlation with unilateral nasal resistance (NR) at the front-end of inferior turbinate (r=0.61, P<0.01). The average cross-sectional area of unilateral nasal valve was (0.85±0.35) cm2. The cross-sectional area of unilateral nasal valve was negatively correlated with unilateral NR (r=-0.50, P<0.01), and positively correlated with unilateral nasal airflow (r=0.61, P<0.01). The NR at the nasal valve area accounted for (40.41±23.54)% of the total unilateral NR. Nearly half of the unilateral NR [(46.74±21.38)%] and air warming [(49.96±10.02)%] occurring before the front end of inferior turbinate were achieved. Conclusions: The nasal valve area plays a crucial role in influencing nasal NR, unilateral nasal airflow, and changes in nasal airflow temperature. Moreover, it is associated with subjective perception of nasal patency.