RESUMEN
Events that cause hopelessness following a myocardial infarction may include coronary heart disease, reality-based misperceptions, lack of future goals and lack of relatedness to others. The susceptibility to hopelessness will depend on how successful the patient has been in accepting previous cardiac-related problems. Once hopelessness occurs, the patient may perceive the future to be limited. Hopelessness centers around seven components: physiological, cognitive, temporal, affective, behavioral, affiliative and contextual loss of hope. This article outlines how hopeless patients may distort their immediate environment and future goals. Methods of identifying hopelessness and intervening with appropriate nursing interventions, which will assist with the management of hopelessness, are described.
Asunto(s)
Síntomas Afectivos/enfermería , Moral , Infarto del Miocardio/enfermería , Infarto del Miocardio/psicología , Adulto , Síntomas Afectivos/etiología , Síntomas Afectivos/fisiopatología , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/enfermería , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/psicología , Objetivos , Ambiente de Instituciones de Salud , Humanos , Control Interno-Externo , Contrapulsador Intraaórtico/enfermería , Contrapulsador Intraaórtico/psicología , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Evaluación en Enfermería , Autoimagen , Apoyo Social , Estrés Fisiológico/etiología , Estrés Fisiológico/enfermeríaRESUMEN
Commercially available equipment permits the extension of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) into the pediatric age range. The special needs of the pediatric patient, however, have to be recognized and well managed if IABP is to become an accepted mode of circulatory support for children.
Asunto(s)
Contrapulsador Intraaórtico , Niño , Preescolar , Cuidados Críticos , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Contrapulsador Intraaórtico/instrumentación , Contrapulsador Intraaórtico/psicología , Monitoreo Fisiológico/instrumentación , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Relaciones Profesional-Paciente , Choque Cardiogénico/prevención & controlRESUMEN
This study compared the perceptions of psychological stress experienced by patients on the IABP with that of other patients in the CCU. During 13 weeks, structured interviews were conducted with 17 male and 10 female patients: Seven were treated with the IABP; 10 were not on the pump but were present during its use; and 10 were neither on the pump nor in physical proximity to it. To measure psychological stress, each patient responded to a list of 20 potentially stressful situations using a stress rating scale. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in perceptions. The results identified factors in the CCU that patients perceived as stressful and were compared with those of earlier research. Data analysis demonstrated moderate support for the study's hypotheses. Stress levels of patients on the IABP were significantly higher than those of patients who were not on the IABP but present during its use. No significant differences were found between stress levels of patients on the IABP and patients with the IAPB absent or between those of the two groups who were not on the pump. Implications for nursing care of the patient on the IABP were also discussed.