RESUMEN
With the aging of the global population, neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as a major public health issue. The adoption of a less sedentary lifestyle has been shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms responsible are less clear. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the complex molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline and how lifestyle choices influence these processes. A review of the evidence from animal models, human studies, and postmortem analyses emphasizes the importance of integrating physical exercise with cognitive, multisensory, and motor stimulation as part of a multifaceted approach to mitigating cognitive decline. We highlight the potential of these non-pharmacological interventions to address key aging hallmarks, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, and neuroinflammation, and underscore the need for comprehensive and personalized strategies to promote cognitive resilience and healthy aging.
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Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Animales , Envejecimiento , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Inestabilidad GenómicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We examined the sedentary behavior and physical activity of 260 patients with peripheral artery disease. Women engaged in more light physical activity than men did. Light physical activity was associated with lower arterial stiffness in men only, while no significant associations were found between sedentary behavior, moderate-vigorous physical activity, and cardiovascular outcomes. BACKGROUND: â¼ Women with peripheral artery disease exhibited higher blood pressure and arterial stiffness than men. BACKGROUND: â¼ Low levels of physical activity, particularly moderate to vigorous activity, were observed in individuals with peripheral artery disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the time spent in sedentary behavior and physical activity of different intensities with cardiovascular health in men and women with peripheral artery disease. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty patients with peripheral artery disease and claudication symptoms (65.7% men; 66±1 years; ankle brachial index 0.57±0.18) were evaluated. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using an accelerometer. Physical activity was classified into light and moderate-vigorous intensities. The cardiovascular outcomes included blood pressure (oscillometric method), cardiac autonomic modulation (heart rate variability), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity). RESULTS: Women spent more time engaged in light physical activity than men (341±14 min/day versus 306±9 min/day; p=0.040, respectively). There was no significant difference in the time spent on sedentary behavior and moderate-vigorous physical activity. Women had a higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.025), higher augmentation index (p<0.001), and lower sympathovagal balance (p=0.047) than men. Pulse wave velocity was only negatively associated with light physical activity (ß= -4.66; 95%CI= -8.57; -0.76) in men. Light and moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior were not associated with other cardiovascular outcomes. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of light physical activity were associated with lower arterial stiffness in men with peripheral artery disease.
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Índice Tobillo Braquial , Presión Sanguínea , Ejercicio Físico , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso , Conducta Sedentaria , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Anciano , Rigidez Vascular/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Factores Sexuales , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Acelerometría , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Besides the effects on the lungs and heart, PAH can affect other organs, including the liver, kidneys, brain, glands, and testis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PAH and physical resistance training (RT), a complementary treatment for hypertension, on epididymis morphology and function and sperm parameters. Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8/ group): sedentary control, sedentary PAH, RT control, and RT + PAH. PAH was induced using monocrotaline injections on Day 1 and 7 of the experiment. Sixteen rats from RT groups underwent RT training for 30 days, while rats from sedentary groups did not exercise. The epididymis was processed and analyzed using microscopic, biochemical, and functional approaches. Sperm were harvested from the cauda epididymis and evaluated for morphology and motility. Our results showed that PAH compromised the epididymis antioxidant defense system and reduced NO levels, leading to an imbalance in the organ's mineral content. These alterations affected the epididymis morphology and reduced the sperm transit time in the proximal epididymis, resulting in an increase in abnormal sperm morphology in the cauda region. Unfortunately, RT was not a good therapy against the PAH effect on the epididymis. PAH negatively affected epididymis functions with consequences to male gametes. Dysfunctions in the post-testicular environment may lead to male infertility due to the disturbance of spermatozoa fecundity.
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Epidídimo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Ratas Wistar , Espermatozoides , Animales , Masculino , Epidídimo/metabolismo , Epidídimo/patología , Ratas , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar/metabolismo , Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar/patología , Motilidad Espermática/fisiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Considering the previous research that suggested that screen time (ST), sleep duration, physical activity (PA), obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors are related, it is essential to identify how these variables are associated over time, to provide knowledge for the development of intervention strategies to promote health in pediatric populations. Also, there is a lack of studies examining these associations longitudinally. The aims of the present study were: (1) to investigate the longitudinal relationships between ST, sleep duration, leisure PA, body mass index (BMI), and cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) in children and adolescents; and (2) to verify scores and prevalence of cMetS risk zones at baseline and follow-up. METHODS: This observational longitudinal study included 331 children and adolescents (aged six to 17 years; girls = 57.7%) from schools in a southern city in Brazil. ST, sleep duration, and leisure PA were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. BMI was evaluated using the BMI z-scores (Z_BMI). The cMetS was determined by summing sex- and age-specific z-scores of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglycerides, glucose, and systolic blood pressure and dividing it by four. A two-wave cross-lagged model was implemented. RESULTS: ST, sleep duration, and leisure PA were not associated with cMetS after 2-years. However, it was observed that higher ST at baseline was associated with shorter sleep duration at follow-up (B=-0.074; 95%IC=-0.130; -0.012), while higher Z_BMI from baseline associated with higher cMetS of follow-up (B = 0.154; 95%CI = 0.083;0.226). The reciprocal model of relationships indicated that the variance of ST, sleep time, leisure PA, Z_BMI, and cMetS explained approximately 9%, 14%, 10%, 67% and 22%, respectively, of the model. Individual change scores and prevalence indicated that cMetS had individual changes from 2014 to 2016. CONCLUSION: Sleep duration, ST and leisure PA were not associated with cMetS after 2 years. ST showed an inverse association with sleep duration, and Z_BMI was positively associated with cMetS after a 2-year follow-up. Finally, the prevalence of no clustering of risk factors increased after two years. These findings suggest the need to promote healthy lifestyle habits from childhood and considering individual factors that can influence cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents.
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Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Ejercicio Físico , Actividades Recreativas , Obesidad Infantil , Tiempo de Pantalla , Sueño , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Adolescente , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios Longitudinales , Medición de Riesgo , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidad Infantil/fisiopatología , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Conducta del Adolescente , Conducta Infantil , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Conducta Sedentaria , Duración del SueñoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify factors associated with excessive screen time among preschoolers in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis from a 2019 panel study in Lima, Peru, was conducted focusing on women, aged 18 and above, who are mothers of 3- to 5-year-olds in mid-high and mid-low districts. There were two outcome variables: excessive TV and excessive electronic devices screen time, defined as ≥ 1 h of screen exposure for each one. Explored factors included the mother's age, education and wealth index and the children's age, sex, physical activity, day care attendance and ultra-processed food consumption. Crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated for the association between associated factors and excessive screen time using the GLM Poisson of with a logarithmic link. RESULTS: Excessive TV screen time and electronic devices prevalence was 74% and 36.9%, respectively. For TV screen time, a high wealth index (aPR 1.13; 95%CI: 1.03-1.23) and children's age (aPR 1.18; 95%CI: 1.08-1.29 for 4 years, PR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.07-1.28 for 5 years) were significant. For electronic devices, significant associations included mothers with more than 3 children (aPR 0.77; 95%CI: 0.62-0.96), being single (aPR 1.27; 95%CI: 1.01-1.58) and a high wealth index (aPR 1.38; 95%CI: 1.13-1.68). Furthermore, significant associations were found between excessive electronic device screen time and consumption of candies and chocolates (aPR 1.38; 95%CI: 1.08-1.77). CONCLUSIONS: Seven out of 10 preschool children exceeded the recommended television screen time. Certain characteristics of the children, their mothers and the family's socio-economic situation are related to excessive television screen time and excessive electronic device screen time.
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Tiempo de Pantalla , Televisión , Humanos , Perú/epidemiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Televisión/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/psicología , Conducta Sedentaria , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents is alarming, and these substances are among the leading risk factors for current and future health among adolescents. Physical activity has the potential to help prevent substance use among adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity, modes of transportation to or from school, and sitting time with tobacco and alcohol use among 222,495 adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from national surveys conducted in 66 countries, obtained through the Global School-based Student Health Survey, and included adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Information on physical activity, transportation to or from school, sitting time, and tobacco and alcohol use was collected through self-report questionnaires. Generalized linear models were employed to estimate the associations between these variables. RESULTS: The analysis, adjusted for sex, age, and region, revealed that being physically active was associated with lower odds of smoking (OR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83-0.89), alcohol use (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.72-0.76), binge drinking (OR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.62-0.69), and drunkenness (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.83-0.88) compared to inactivity. Insufficiently active participants also had lower odds of tobacco use (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.80-0.85), alcohol use (OR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.75-0.79), binge drinking (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.87-0.96), and drunkenness (OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.85-0.90) compared to inactive participants. Additionally, active transportation to or from school was associated with lower odds of tobacco use (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99), alcohol use (OR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.92-0.96), and binge drinking (OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.75-0.81) compared to those using passive transportation. Participants with acceptable sitting time, however, were more likely to use tobacco (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.45-1.52), use alcohol (OR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.64-1.72), binge drink (OR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.62-1.75), and experience drunkenness (OR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.62-1.69) compared to those with excessive sitting time. CONCLUSION: Being physically active, even at insufficient levels, may have beneficial effects on tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents. Acceptable sedentary time, on the other hand, was positively associated with tobacco and alcohol use.
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Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Niño , Sedestación , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Transportes/métodos , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/estadística & datos numéricos , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Salud Global , Fumar/epidemiología , Conducta del AdolescenteRESUMEN
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with health impairments, while physical activity (PA) has been a protective factor. It is unclear whether SB and PA are associated with occurrence of signs and/or symptoms (SS) during cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) exercise sessions. The objective was to evaluate the association between SB and PA with occurrence of SS. Was included 48 patients from a CRP program (64.7 ± 10.4 years-old). Daily time and % of time of SB and weekly time in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity [MVPA], % of MVPA time, steps/day, and steps/minute were accelerometer-measured. Patients were followed-up during 24 CRP sessions, for accompaniment of SS. Age, sex, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity) were covariates. Log-transformed values of SB, MVPA and steps/day were also analyzed. As results, 43.7% (n = 21) of participants presented occurrence of signs, 62.5% (n = 30) presented occurrence of symptoms, and 81.2% (n = 39) present occurrence of SS. In fully adjusted model, % of time in MVPA (ß: -0.449,p = 0.045) and steps/minute (ß: -0.244,p = 0.026) were inversely associated with occurrence of symptoms. No association was observed between SB and PA and occurrence of signs. The occurrence of symptoms and SS among CRP participants was directly associated with SB and inversely associated with variables of PA.
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Rehabilitación Cardiaca , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Rehabilitación Cardiaca/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , AcelerometríaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Little is known on how the substitution of time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) patterns with time spent in physical activity impacts cardiovascular risk factors during adolescence. The study aimed to investigate how the substitution of time spent in SB and sedentary bouts with time spent in different physical activity intensities was associated with longitudinal changes in cardiovascular risk factors in analyses stratified by sex. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study with a mean follow-up period of 3.2 (±0.34) years, involving 109 (60 girls and 49 boys) Brazilian adolescents. Body mass index, waist circumference, and cardiorespiratory fitness were the cardiovascular risk factors considered. A cardiovascular risk score was calculated. Sedentary bouts, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured by accelerometers. Multivariate linear regression models adopting the isotemporal substitution were used to analyze the association between substitution of 10 minutes per day of sedentary bouts with LPA and MVPA and risk factors. All analyses considered 5% significance levels. RESULTS: Substitutions of SB, short and long bouts, with MVPA were associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in boys (ß = 0.077; 95% confidence interval, 0.001 to 0.55; ß = 0.076; 95% confidence interval, 0.003 to 0.154; and ß = 0.084; 95% confidence interval, 0.001 to 0.167, respectively). No associations were observed when analyses involved substitution of sedentary bouts with LPA, adiposity, cardiovascular risk score, and girls. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting SB bouts with MVPA appears to favorably influence changes of cardiorespiratory fitness in boys during adolescence. Greater benefits appear to occur when longer sedentary bouts are substituted by MVPA.
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Acelerometría , Índice de Masa Corporal , Capacidad Cardiovascular , Ejercicio Físico , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios Prospectivos , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Factores Sexuales , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
(1) Background: Physical inactivity is a recognized global problem, with schools identified by UNESCO and WHO as critical settings for intervention. Despite existing efforts, the prevalence of physical inactivity remains high. This study aims to explore the potential of the concept of body practices as a novel framework to address physical inactivity within school contexts, potentially offering an alternative to traditional intervention models. (2) Methods: This study carried out a systematic review of the concept of body practices to understand its use in the scientific literature. (3) Results: The results indicate that (a) the definition of the concept that the authors used is broad; (b) the problems they face are varied, such as the life cycle, negative emotions, gender, physical inactivity, well-being, and social problems; (c) the research methodologies are predominantly quantitative; (d) and the intervention in schools focuses on students, but not on the entire school community. (4) Conclusions: this concept has great potential for use in initiatives and/or policies that seek to address physical inactivity in the school context.
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Instituciones Académicas , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Ejercicio Físico , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Estudiantes/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of replacing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) with moderate to vigorous physical activity on sleep quality in young adults. METHODS: Multicenter cross-sectional study, carried out with students enrolled in undergraduate courses at universities in Brazil. Sleep quality was assessed using a question of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-brief) and classified as good or poor sleep quality. SB was evaluated by self-reported total sitting time, and the level of leisure-time PA was classified according to the intensity of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), which were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. An isotemporal replacement logistic model was used to evaluate the effects of different SB, MPA, and VPA sessions on sleep quality. RESULTS: A total of 8,059 study participants were evaluated, the majority had poor sleep quality (64.79%), were physically inactive (48.28%, defined as practicing < 150 min of MPA or < 75 min of VPA per week), and spent ≥ 9 h/day in SB (55.08%). The multivariate model showed an association between non-adherence to wake-based movement guidelines and poor sleep quality, where those with one altered behavior were 43% more likely to have poor sleep quality (OR:1.43;95%CI:1.27 to 1.60), while individuals with two altered behaviors were 97% more likely (OR:1.97;95%CI:1.73 to 2.24). In the isotemporal analysis, replacing MPA and VPA with equivalent time in SB increased the odds of poor sleep at all times assessed, with peaks of 56% for MPA and 68% for VPA. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that replacing SB with the same amount of MPA or VPA may reduce poor sleep quality.
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Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Calidad del Sueño , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Brasil , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto , Adolescente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Autoinforme , Universidades , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To construct a middle-range theory for the nursing diagnosis of Sedentary Lifestyle in young adults. METHODS: A methodological study for the validation of a nursing diagnosis based on a Middle-Range Theory, carried out in six stages: definition of the approach; definition of theoretical-conceptual models; definition of main concepts; development of a pictorial scheme; construction of propositions; establishment of causal relationships and evidence for practice. The theory construction was operationalized through an integrative review and supported by Roy's adaptation model. RESULTS: Three essential attributes were identified; 10 antecedents; 7 clinical consequences; a pictogram, 9 propositions, and 11 causal relationships and evidence for practice. CONCLUSION: The middle-range theory for the nursing diagnosis of Sedentary Lifestyle in young adults was constructed, expanding the understanding of this phenomenon, to be applied in clinical practice by nurses.
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Diagnóstico de Enfermería , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Diagnóstico de Enfermería/métodos , Teoría de Enfermería , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. METHODS: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.
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Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Conductas de Riesgo para la Salud , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Conducta Sedentaria , Autoinforme , Ejercicio Físico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Brasil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore changes in health-related behaviors and social practices in Hispanic cancer patients during a government-mandated lockdown and their relationship to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: Secondary analyses were conducted on data gathered by a longitudinal cohort study to describe the unmet needs of Hispanic cancer patients living in Puerto Rico exposed to Hurricane Maria in 2017, earthquakes in 2020, and COVID-19. However, our study solely focuses on the data from the COVID-19 pandemic period. RESULTS: Most participants were women (n = 72) with breast cancer (81.2%). Participants exhibited changes in religious practices (60%), physical activity (58.4%), and sedentary behavior (50%); 31.4% experienced changes in eating habits and sleeping patterns. Responses to the study questionnaire involved staying connected with family (85.5%) through phone calls (78.2%); 69.9% of the participants reported observing shifts in the family dynamics. A strong majority endorsed the government-imposed isolation measures (95.6%). Patients not undergoing treatment were likelier (r = -0.324; P = .010) to support the measures. Finally, younger patients experienced more work-related changes (r = -0.288; P = .017) and were less inclined (r = -0.293; P = .011) to find the isolation measures appropriate. CONCLUSION: This paper describes the lockdown related changes in health and social behaviors sustained by cancer patients, changes which could potentially impact their overall health and health-related quality of life. Our results fill an existing gap in our findings and contribute to understanding the experiences of cancer patients (in particular, Hispanic patients) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Hispánicos o Latinos , Neoplasias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto , Puerto Rico , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Anciano , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Cuarentena/psicología , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Neoplasias de la MamaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exercise training may reduce whole-body fat mass and percentage. However, whether exercise improves fat distribution assessed by fat mass ratio (FMR) and regional fat percentage in men living with HIV (MLHIV) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the FMR and total and regional body fat between physically active and inactive MLHIV and HIV-uninfected men. METHODS: Using a crosssectional design, total and regional body fat assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were compared between 19 MLHIV (ACT-MLHIV, 52±7 y, 23.8±4.1 kg.m-2) enrolled in a multimodal training program (aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises) for at least 12 months (60min sessions; 3 times/wk with moderate intensity) vs. 19 inactive MLHIV (IN-MLHIV, 51±7 y, 25.9±3.3 kg.m-2) and 19 HIV-uninfected men (HIV-, 51±8 y, 26.0±3.3 kg.m-2). FMR was calculated as the ratio between the percentage of fat in the trunk and the lower limbs. RESULTS: The ACT-MLHIV showed a lower trunk fat percentage (24.1±17.9% vs. 34.4±11.9%; P=0.02) and FMR (1.5±0.6 vs.1.9±0.5; P=0.02) than the IN-MLHIV, with no difference between them in lower limbs fat percentage (IN-MLHIV: 16.3±5.9 vs. ACT-MLHIV: 15.9±9.6%; P=0.98). HIV- showed a lower FMR (1.2±0.2; P<0.02) and superior lower limb fat percentage (24.1±8.0%; P<0.0001) than IN-MLHIV and ACT-MLHIV, as well as a higher total fat percentage than ACT-MLHIV (27.3±6.2 vs. 21.8±6.9%; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise seems to attenuate HIV-associated lipodystrophy by reducing trunk fat percentage while preserving lower limb fat mass. FMR and total fat percentage should not be used alone as markers of exercise-induced changes in lipodystrophy.
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Absorciometría de Fotón , Ejercicio Físico , Infecciones por VIH , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por VIH/fisiopatología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Adulto , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Asociada a VIH/fisiopatología , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Conducta SedentariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent statistics highlight cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as a major global cause of death. This review examines the methodological approaches and the main results of independent, stratified, and joint association of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) on CVD outcomes. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for prospective cohorts that examined the independent, stratified, or joint associations of ST and PA with CVD outcomes. Independent associations were defined as analyses mutually adjusted for PA and ST. Stratified associations were considered when there was a reference group in each stratum of PA or ST, and joint associations were defined by a single reference group for all other combined categories of ST and PA levels. RESULTS: Of 45 articles, 69% explored independent association of ST or PA on CVD outcomes, while 31% using a stratified/joint approach. Most studies used self-reports for ST and PA and focused on CVD mortality. Mutually adjusted analyses identified ST positively and PA inversely associated to CVD outcomes. Stratified studies showed higher ST's pronounced impact on CVD for lower PA levels. High PA mitigated but did not eliminate ST's negative impact. Joint analyses revealed highest CVD risk in those with both high ST and low PA, and elevated risk in various intermediate combinations. CONCLUSIONS: Employing independent, stratified, and joint association approaches can yield distinct and complementary public health messages aimed at promoting cardiovascular health. Recommendations should aim to not only to encourage boosting PA levels, but also, concurrently decrease ST.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad CardiacaRESUMEN
El presente documento se desarrolla con el fin de establecer el estado actual de una de las dimensiones de la Actividad Física (AF) como es el Transporte Activo (TA) (uso de bicicleta y caminata) entre los países andinos, haciendo un recuento de los últimos diez años, y estableciendo el diagnóstico de esta dimensión especialmente en cuatro aspectos: La infraestructura, la participación ciudadana, la normativa, la puesta en ejecución de dicha normatividad y aspectos del efecto de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre el TA, todo esto con el propósito de contribuir a tener mejores estándares de salud y mejores estilos de vida saludable entre todos los habitantes de los países andinos. La morbimortalidad se reduce en aquellas personas que realizan viajes en bicicleta y caminan como parte de su estrategia de transporte. Asimismo, describe el desarrollo en la última década y el estado actual de una de las dimensiones de la Actividad Física (AF) como es, el Transporte Activo (TA), o el uso de bicicleta y caminata, en los países andinos y México como país referente. Es importante, actuar como bloque frente a los altos y crecientes niveles de inactividad física en la población como una medida de impacto sanitario regional para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades en los países andinos, generando programas y políticas de salud orientadas a estimular la AF como parte de los estilos de vida saludable con modelos sostenibles y de participación multilateral de los entes gubernamentales y privados en los países
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Transporte Biológico Activo , Ejercicio Físico , Indicadores de Morbimortalidad , Caminata , Participación de la Comunidad , Conducta Sedentaria , Promoción de la Salud , Actividades Recreativas , Actividad MotoraRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and its association with the level of physical activity, alone and combined with sedentary behavior. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. The sample was composed of 317 women aged between 24 and 59 years. Sarcopenic obesity was determined by the coexistence of sarcopenia (reduced muscle mass and strength) and obesity (% fat). Dual-energy x-ray absorption was used to evaluate muscle mass and % fat, with cutoff points of <15 kg and <31.71%, respectively. Strength was assessed by the handgrip test, with a cutoff point of <21.68 kg. Levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals who did not achieve 150 minutes per week of physical activity were considered insufficiently active. The cutoff point for sedentary behavior was determined based on the 75th percentile (480 min/wk), considering excessive sedentary behavior (≥75th percentile) and low/moderate sedentary behavior (<75th percentile). RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 7.9% (95% CI, 4.9-10.8). Sarcopenic obesity was associated with the general physical activity level (odds ratio, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.32-11.8) and being insufficiently active together with low/moderate sedentary behavior (odds ratio, 4.88; 95% CI, 1.49-16.0). CONCLUSIONS: There was the presence of sarcopenic obesity in adult women which was associated with the level of general physical activity, alone and combined with sedentary behavior.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Obesidad , Sarcopenia , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Femenino , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Obesidad/epidemiología , Adulto , Prevalencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fuerza de la Mano , Adulto Joven , Índice de Masa Corporal , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Absorciometría de FotónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of to analyze the feasibility of isometric wall squat exercise (IWSE) over a 12-week period as a method of breaking up sitting time during occupational activities in sedentary adults. METHODS: This feasibility randomized study involved sedentary adults. Participants in the IWSE group ( n = 12) performed isometric wall squats, while participants in the STAND group ( n = 12) were recommended to stand up for 12 weeks. Feasibility was assessed through online questionnaires in the eighth week regarding adherence, safety, satisfaction, and acceptability. RESULTS: Adherence to weekly breaks was similar between groups ( P > 0.05). No serious side effects have been reported in the groups. Dropout rates (IWSE: 40% vs STAND: 40%, P = 1.000), satisfaction (IWSE +3.4 [1.2] vs STAND +3.0 [1.7], P = 0.709), and intention to continue with the intervention (IWSE: 75% vs STAND: 83%, P = 0.368) were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The IWSE is as feasible as stand up as a strategy to breaking up sedentary time in workplace.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Estudios de Factibilidad , Conducta Sedentaria , Sedestación , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lugar de Trabajo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud LaboralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior is linked to excess fat mass; however, this association may be inconclusive due to potential measurement errors in self-reported sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between changes in sedentary behavior and fat mass in a Cohort of Health Workers (HWCS) from 2004 to 2010. METHODS: A total of 1,285 adults participating in the Cohort of Health Workers were evaluated in 2004 and 2010. Fat mass (kg) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. A self-administered questionnaire was used to estimate the sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior was also estimated using accelerometry in a sample of 142 health workers. Accelerometry data were used to correct self-reported sedentary behavior using a generalized linear model, which included values for sleeping time, age, sex, sedentary behavior, glucose, and triglycerides. Concordance between both methods was assessed using a kappa and Bland-Altman analysis. Once sedentary behavior was corrected, the values were used to evaluate the association between changes in sedentary behavior and body fat mass using a fixed effect model in the cohort, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Self-reported sedentary behavior was 2.8 ± 1.8 and 2.3 ± 1.6 h/day, and body fat mass was 24.9 ± 8.1 and 26.8 ± 8.5 kg in 2004 and 2010, respectively. After applying the correction model, the self-reported sedentary behavior was 7.6 ± 1.2 and 7.5 ± 1.2 h/day in 2004 and 2010, respectively. For every hour increase in corrected sedentary behavior, there was an observed increase of 0.847 (p > 0.001) kg in body fat mass during the 6.8 years in the Cohort of Health Workers from 2004 to 2010. Conversely, non-corrected self-reported sedentary behavior was associated with a non-significant reduction of 0.097 kg (p = 0.228) for every hour of sedentary behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Increased sedentary behavior was associated with increased body fat mass when corrected self-reported sedentary behavior was used. Implementing public health strategies to reduce sedentary behavior is imperative.