RESUMEN
Aging can promote significant morphofunctional changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Regulation of GIT motility is mainly controlled by the myenteric neurons of the enteric nervous system. Actions that aim at decreasing the aging effects in the GIT include those related to diet, with caloric restriction (CR). The CR is achieved by controlling the amount of food or by manipulating the components of the diet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of CR on the plasticity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- (NADPH-) reactive myenteric neurons in the colon of Wistar rats during the aging process using ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) and morphoquantitative analysis. Wistar male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into 4 groups (n = 10/group): C, 6-month-old animals; SR, 18-month-old animals fed a normal diet; CRI, 18-month-old animals fed a 12% CR diet; CRII, 18-month-old animals fed a 31% CR diet. At 6 months of age, animals were transferred to the laboratory animal facility, where they remained until 18 months of age. Animals of the CRI and CRII groups were submitted to CR for 6 months. In the ultrastructural analysis, a disorganization of the periganglionar matrix with the aging was observed, and this characteristic was not observed in the animals that received hypocaloric diet. It was observed that the restriction of 12.5% and 31% of calories in the diet minimized the increase in density and cell profile of the reactive NADPH neurons, increased with age. This type of diet may be adapted against gastrointestinal disturbances that commonly affect aging individuals.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Restricción Calórica , Colon/inervación , Ganglios Autónomos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plexo Mientérico/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plasticidad Neuronal , Neuronas Nitrérgicas/fisiología , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Recuento de Células , Colon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colon/fisiología , Colon/ultraestructura , Colon Ascendente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colon Ascendente/inervación , Colon Ascendente/fisiología , Colon Ascendente/ultraestructura , Colon Descendente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colon Descendente/inervación , Colon Descendente/fisiología , Colon Descendente/ultraestructura , Ganglios Autónomos/citología , Ganglios Autónomos/fisiología , Ganglios Autónomos/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Plexo Mientérico/citología , Plexo Mientérico/fisiología , Plexo Mientérico/ultraestructura , NADPH Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuroprotección , Neuronas Nitrérgicas/citología , Neuronas Nitrérgicas/ultraestructura , Tamaño de los Órganos , Especificidad de Órganos , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to analyze morphometrically the colon wall strata of malnourished rats supplemented with probiotics. Sixteen recently weaned Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into four groups: animals that received commercial chow (G1, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G1 and were supplemented with probiotics (G2, n = 4); animals that received chow with 4% of proteins (G3, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G3 and were supplemented with probiotics (G4, n = 4). After 12 weeks, the proximal colon was collected and submitted to histological processing. Three-µm cuts were stained with H.E., Periodic Acid Schifff (P.A.S.) + diasthasis solution and Alcian Blue (A.B.) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. The morphometric analysis of the intestinal wall showed that the supplementation with ABT-4 probiotic culture prevents the growth deficit of colon wall strata that normally occurs in malnourished rats right after lactation. Besides, no alteration was observed in the proportion of the number of globet cells in relation to the number of enterocytes in malnourished rats, regardless of the supplementation with probiotics.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Colon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Desnutrición/dietoterapia , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Masculino , Desnutrición/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , DesteteRESUMEN
Considering the high frequency of anaemia due to Fe deficiency, it is important to evaluate the effects of prebiotics on the absorption of Fe. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of high-performance (HP) inulin, oligofructose and synergy1 during recovery from anaemia in rats through the intestinal absorption of Fe, food intake, body growth, caecal pH and weight of the intestine. Wistar rats (n 47) were fed with rations of AIN93-G with no Fe to induce Fe deficiency anaemia. At 36 d of life, anaemic rats were divided into four groups: (1) the HP inulin group; (2) the synergy1 group; and (3) the oligofructose group, all with 100 g of the respective prebiotic per kg of ration; and (4) a control group, in which the prebiotic was replaced by maize starch. Then, 25 mg of elemental Fe/kg of ration was added to all rations to allow recovery from anaemia. The final values of Hb in the HP inulin, synergy1, oligofructose and control groups were, respectively: 98 (94-99); 83 (81-92); 100 (90-114); 77 (72-81) g/l, with a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0·001) between the oligofructose and control groups and the HP inulin and control groups. The four groups had an increase in weight and body length and had similar consumption of rations. The intestinal weight and caecal pH were significantly different between the groups that consumed prebiotics and the control group. HP inulin and oligofructose increased the intestinal absorption of Fe in rats.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Ferropénica/dietoterapia , Absorción Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Inulina/uso terapéutico , Hierro de la Dieta/metabolismo , Oligosacáridos/uso terapéutico , Prebióticos , Anemia Ferropénica/sangre , Anemia Ferropénica/metabolismo , Animales , Ciego/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ciego/metabolismo , Colon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colon/metabolismo , Heces/química , Contenido Digestivo/química , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Intestinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hierro de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Colon cancer (CC) is a prevalent disease, with 800,000 new cases annually worldwide. In Chile the mortality is 6.2 per 100,000 inhabitants, which has increased in recent years, being more common in developed countries. Although, CC are most sporadic forms (70 percent), there are patients with family history (30 percent) and 10 percent have a hereditary component, with a predisposition to the formation of tumors, including CC, the most studied syndrome are: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).The progresses made by the human genome sequencing have allowed to known mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that occur in a cell of the normal intestinal mucosa and lead to carcinogenic transformation. This review is an update of the known genes related to the sporadic form of the CC, as well as the most common inherited forms of CC. It is important that health professionals, be aware of developments in this area, because they are who should promote in the community a timely screening for patients with increased risk factors for CC, with the aim of giving an accurate counseling for decrease the morbidity and mortality of this condition.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Colon/anomalías , Colon/cirugía , Colon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colon/lesiones , Genética/clasificación , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the colon's development in rats subjected to protein energy malnutrition followed by supplementation with rice bran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weaned Wistar male rats (21 days old), weight (40-50 g) were divided into two groups: diet with 17% protein (C; control group) or an aproteic diet (A; aproteic group), for 12 days. After this, 50% of the rats from each group were sacrificed. The remaining rats were further distributed in the three groups for a recovery (21 days): control (C) continued to receive the control diet whereas the aproteic group (A) received either a control diet (AC) or a control diet supplemented with 5% of rice bran (ARB). RESULTS: The A group showed alterations in the colon and cecum, excreted dry feces mass and fecal nitrogen, compared with C rats. In the proximal colon of A rats, the external muscularis and the width of the colon wall were higher whereas in the distal colon they were lower than C. After the recovery period, the relative cecum mass, colon mass and colon length of the recovered groups (AC and ARB) were higher than in the C group. Dry feces and fecal nitrogen excreted of the rats from recovered groups were lower than C group. Colon length of the AC group was lower than in the C group. Only the crypt's depth from ARB group was higher than in the C group. CONCLUSION: Control diet supplemented with 5% rice bran, reestablished the large intestine of aproteic rats. The recovery in the ARB group was even better than in the AC rats.
Asunto(s)
Colon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Oryza , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/dietoterapia , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Involution of lymphoid tissues in relation to age has not been defined for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Twenty-five bottlenose dolphins from the coast of Texas and western Louisiana were examined and complete necropsies were performed with histological samples taken of nearly all tissues. Ages ranged from several days to 27 years. The histology of four lymphoid organs-thymus, pharyngeal tonsil, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the colon, and anal tonsil-was assessed. Numerical scores were assigned to specific morphological features, thus creating an involution score. Definable and scorable features of each organ were selected for evaluation and determination of loss of lymphoid elements. Neonatal dolphins were recorded as the reference standard for no involution. The highest score for each organ represented the greatest amount of retention of tissue elements. Thus, the lower the score, the greater degree of involution. Comparing involution scores to tooth age permitted an assessment of involution over time. The greatest degree of involution was found in the MALT of the colon. The MALT of the colon declined dramatically so that after age 10 it was absent from 4 of 14 animals and minimally present in 8 others. Thymic tissue also suffered a precipitous drop in volume after about age 5, but was found in animals up to 24 years of age. Involution was moderate and variable in both pharyngeal and anal tonsils. In some animals, these tissues were reduced in volume early, and prominent in others well into adult life (over 20 years).
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Delfines/fisiología , Ecosistema , Tejido Linfoide/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tonsila Faríngea/anatomía & histología , Tonsila Faríngea/crecimiento & desarrollo , Envejecimiento/patología , Canal Anal/anatomía & histología , Canal Anal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Colon/anatomía & histología , Colon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Centro Germinal/citología , Mucosa Intestinal/anatomía & histología , Mucosa Intestinal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tejido Linfoide/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Océanos y Mares , Timo/anatomía & histología , Timo/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
A 50 ratos fêmeas recém-desmamadas foi administrada raçäo com 25 g de lactose/100 g de peso final de mistura, durante 26 dias e, a seguir, esta foi trocada por outra com quantidade equivalente de sacarose, por mais 21 dias. Como grupo controle foram utilizados 30 animais do mesmo sexo e peso que passaram a receber, por 49 dias, raçäo com 25 g de sacarose/100 g de peso final de mistura. Para avaliaçäo da evoluçäo do peso, animais representantes de cada subgrupo foram pesados semanalmente. Com 28, 30, 32, 35, 42 e 49 dias de experiência um grupo de animais foi sacrificado para retirada do intestino grosso e medida do volume externo e pesagem do ceco e cólon. Os resultados indicaram que o ganho ponderal deficiente dos animais que receberam lactose durante o período de 28 dias pode ser revertido com a substituiçäo deste açúcar por sacarose. Por outro lado, o aumento do volume externo do intestino grosso induzido pela lactose reduz-se rapidamente, já na primeira semana, após a retirada deste açúcar. O peso do ceco reduziu-se gradativamente, permanecendo contudo, com valores ligeiramente elevados até três semanas após a substituiçäo da lactose por sacarose. Em conclusäo, nas condiçöes do estudo, as repercussöes determinadas pela lactose sobre o intestino grosso e particularmente sobre o ceco de rato após o desmame näo foram permanentes