RESUMEN
We developed a mobile application to promote healthy lifestyles and collect non-communicable disease (NCD) data in Mexico. Its theoretical foundations are supported by a framework-guided literature review. With design sprints, Scrum, Model-View-Controller, and Representational State Transfer architecture, we operationalized evidence-based nutrition/physical activity information into a crowdsourcing- and gamification-based application. The application was piloted for three months to monitor the response of 520 adults. Potential improvements were characterized, considering benchmarking, expert guidance, and standards. Salud Activa (English: Active Health) has two crowdsourcing modules: Nutritional scanner, scanning products' bar codes, providing nutritional data, and allowing new product registry feeding our databases; Surveys, comprising gradually-released NCD questions. Three intervention modules were generated: Drinks diary, a beverage assessment component to receive hydration recommendations; Step counter, monitoring users' steps via Google Fit/Health-iOS; Metabolic Avatar, interconnecting modules and changing as a function of beverage and step records. The 3-month median of Salud Activa use was seven days (IQR = 3-12), up to 35% of participants completed a Survey section, and 157 food products were registered through Nutritional scanner. Better customization might benefit usability and user engagement. Quantitative and qualitative data will enhance Salud Activa's design, user uptake, and efficacy in interventions delivered through this platform.
Asunto(s)
Colaboración de las Masas , Aplicaciones Móviles , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Adulto , Humanos , Gamificación , Estilo de Vida Saludable , México , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Proyectos PilotoRESUMEN
As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado.(AU)
Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production.(AU)
Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Satisfacción Personal , Psicología Social , Trabajo , Organizaciones , Capitalismo , Organización y Administración , Innovación Organizacional , Grupo Paritario , Personalidad , Política , Corporaciones Profesionales , Práctica Profesional , Psicología , Relaciones Públicas , Gestión de Riesgos , Seguridad , Salarios y Beneficios , Ajuste Social , Cambio Social , Valores Sociales , Tecnología , Pensamiento , Horas de Trabajo , Toma de Decisiones en la Organización , Propuestas de Licitación , Financiación del Capital , Inteligencia Artificial , Conferencias de Consenso como Asunto , Cultura Organizacional , Salud , Personal Administrativo , Salud Laboral , Técnicas de Planificación , Adolescente , Emprendimiento , Empleos Subvencionados , Sector Privado , Modelos Organizacionales , Entrevista , Gestión de la Calidad Total , Administración del Tiempo , Eficiencia Organizacional , Conducta Competitiva , Recursos Naturales , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Servicios Contratados , Benchmarking , Patente , Servicios Externos , Evolución Cultural , Mercadotecnía , Difusión de Innovaciones , Competencia Económica , Eficiencia , Empleo , Eventos Científicos y de Divulgación , Comercialización de Productos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Agroindustria , Planificación , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Pequeña Empresa , Red Social , Administración Financiera , Invenciones , Colaboración de las Masas , Nube Computacional , Equilibrio entre Vida Personal y Laboral , Participación de los Interesados , Crecimiento Sostenible , Libertad , Macrodatos , Utilización de Instalaciones y Servicios , Comercio Electrónico , Cadena de Bloques , Diseño Universal , Realidad Aumentada , Inteligencia , Inversiones en Salud , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , OcupacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Health Sentinel (Centinela de la Salud, CDS), a mobile crowdsourcing platform that includes the CDS app, was deployed to assess its utility as a tool for COVID-19 surveillance in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. METHODS: The CDS app allowed anonymized individual surveys of demographic features and COVID-19 risk of transmission and exacerbation factors from users of the San Luis Potosí Metropolitan Area (SLPMA). The platform's data processing pipeline computed and geolocalized the risk index of each user and enabled the analysis of the variables and their association. Point process analysis identified geographic clustering patterns of users at risk and these were compared with the patterns of COVID-19 cases confirmed by the State Health Services. RESULTS: A total of 1554 COVID-19 surveys were administered through the CDS app. Among the respondents, 50.4 % were men and 49.6 % women, with an average age of 33.5 years. Overall risk index frequencies were, in descending order: no-risk 77.8 %, low risk 10.6 %, respiratory symptoms 6.7 %, medium risk 1.4 %, high risk 2.0 %, very high risk 1.5 %. Comorbidity was the most frequent vulnerability category (32.4 %), followed by the inability to keep home lockdown (19.2 %). Statistically significant risk clusters identified at a spatial scale between 5 and 730 m coincided with those in neighborhoods containing substantial numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The CDS platform enables the analysis of the sociodemographic features and spatial distribution of individual risk indexes of COVID-19 transmission and exacerbation. It is a useful epidemiological surveillance and early detection tool because it identifies statistically significant and consistent risk clusters in neighborhoods with a substantial number of confirmed COVID-19 cases.
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COVID-19 , Colaboración de las Masas , Adulto , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , SARS-CoV-2 , Autoinforme , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: With the evolution of digital media, areas such as public health are adding new platforms to complement traditional systems of epidemiological surveillance. Participatory surveillance and digital epidemiology have become innovative tools for the construction of epidemiological landscapes with citizens' participation, improving traditional sources of information. Strategies such as these promote the timely detection of warning signs for outbreaks and epidemics in the region. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the participatory surveillance platform Guardians of Health, which was used in a project conducted during the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and officially used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the monitoring of outbreaks and epidemics. METHODS: This is a descriptive study carried out using secondary data from Guardians of Health available in a public digital repository. Based on syndromic signals, the information subsidy for decision making by policy makers and health managers becomes more dynamic and assertive. This type of information source can be used as an early route to understand the epidemiological scenario. RESULTS: The main result of this research was demonstrating the use of the participatory surveillance platform as an additional source of information for the epidemiological surveillance performed in Brazil during a mass gathering. The platform Guardians of Health had 7848 users who generated 12,746 reports about their health status. Among these reports, the following were identified: 161 users with diarrheal syndrome, 68 users with respiratory syndrome, and 145 users with rash syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: It is hoped that epidemiological surveillance professionals, researchers, managers, and workers become aware of, and allow themselves to use, new tools that improve information management for decision making and knowledge production. This way, we may follow the path for a more intelligent, efficient, and pragmatic disease control system.
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Colaboración de las Masas/métodos , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Niño , Epidemiología/instrumentación , Epidemiología/tendencias , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Deportes/tendenciasAsunto(s)
Presupuestos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ahorro de Costo , Investigadores/economía , Ciencia/economía , Congresos como Asunto/economía , Colaboración de las Masas/economía , Electricidad , Organización de la Financiación/economía , México , Investigadores/psicología , Investigadores/provisión & distribución , DesempleoRESUMEN
We present three datasets from a project about the relationship between death anxiety and religiosity. These include data from 1,838 individuals in the United States (n = 813), Brazil (n = 800), Russia (n = 800), the Philippines (n = 200), South Korea (n = 200), and Japan (n = 219). Measures were largely consistent across samples: they include measures of death anxiety, experience of and exposure to death, religious belief, religious behaviour, religious experience, and demographic information. Responses have also been back-translated into English where necessary, though original untranslated data are also included.
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Ansiedad , Muerte , Prácticas Mortuorias , Religión , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Colaboración de las Masas , Miedo , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filipinas , República de Corea , Federación de Rusia , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Disgust is a universal emotion that plays a role in reducing people's exposure to situations with risks of contamination. By the same token, skin diseases could generate aversion in observers. The present study aimed to assess the aversion triggered when viewing skin disease lesions on the face and hands. METHODS: A questionnaire was applied over the Internet containing demographic questions, assessment of personal sensitivity to disgust - by the Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R) -, and the aversion triggered when viewing eight images of skin diseases using an image aversion score (IAS) ranging from 0 to 10. RESULTS: Six-hundred forty-nine people responded, 49% female, with a median age of 26 (p25-p75: 22-34). A total of 2596 evaluations of images were collected. The overall IAS median was 2 (0-4), and Cronbach's alpha resulted 0.87. There was a significant correlation between DS-R and IAS (Spearman's rho = 0.42; P < 0.01). Seven-hundred twenty-four (28%) evaluations were considered as contagious diseases and received higher IAS: 5 (2-7) × 1 (0-3); P < 0.01. In multivariate analysis, the higher IAS was independently associated with male gender, with no children, not working as a health professional or caregiver, and presenting higher DS-R (P < 0.01). By analyzing the IAS according to morphological characteristics, we identified lower scores for macular dyschromic lesions (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The aversion triggered by skin lesions varies according to the personal characteristics of the observer and the morphology of the lesion, being lower for macular dyschromic lesions, and associated with disgust sensitivity and the assignment of contagiousness to the lesion.
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Asco , Enfermedades de la Piel/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Concienciación , Colaboración de las Masas , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Emociones , Cara , Femenino , Mano , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Managing protected areas effectively requires information about patterns of visitor use, but these data are often limited. We explore how geotagged photos on Flickr, a popular photo-sharing social-media site, can generate hotspot maps and distribution models of temporal and spatial patterns of use in two mountain-protected areas of high conservation value. In Aconcagua Provincial Park (Argentina), two routes to the summit of Aconcagua were used in summer, but most visitors stayed close to the main road, using formal and informal walking trails and the Visitor Centre, while in winter, there was very limited visitation. In Kosciuszko National Park (Australia), alpine walking trails were popular in summer, but in winter, most visitors stayed in the lower altitude ski resorts and ski trails. Results demonstrate the usefulness of social-media data alone as well as a complement for visitor monitoring, providing spatial and temporal information for site-specific and park-level management of visitors and potential impacts in conservation areas.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Colaboración de las Masas/métodos , Parques Recreativos , Estaciones del Año , Viaje , Algoritmos , Altitud , Argentina , Australia , Biodiversidad , Ecosistema , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Humanos , RecreaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effects of orthognathic surgery go beyond objective cephalometric correction of facial and dental disproportion and malocclusion, respectively. The authors hypothesized that there is tangible improvement following surgery that alters publicly perceived personality traits and emotions. METHODS: The authors used Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing tool, to determine how preoperative and postoperative images of orthognathic surgery patients were perceived on six personality traits and six emotional expressions based on posteroanterior and lateral photographs. Blinded respondents provided demographic information and were randomly assigned to one of two sets of 20 photographs (10 subjects before and after surgery). RESULTS: Data on 20 orthognathic surgery patients were collected from 476 individuals. The majority of participants were female (52.6 percent), 18 to 39 years old (67.9 percent), Caucasian (76.6 percent), had some college or technical training or graduated college (72.7 percent), and had an annual income between $20,000 and $99,999 (74.6 percent). A paired t test analysis found that subjects were perceived significantly more favorably after orthognathic surgery in 12 countenance categories: more dominant, trustworthy, friendly, intelligent, attractive, and happy; and also less threatening, angry, surprised, sad, afraid, and disgusted (p < 0.05). Raters with the highest annual income perceived a greater magnitude of dominance after surgery than those earning less (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is significant improvement in the countenance of patients after orthognathic surgery, with both perceived personality traits and emotions deemed more favorable. Additional work is needed to better understand the physiologic underpinnings of such findings. Crowdsourcing technology offers a unique opportunity for surgeons to gather data regarding laypeople's perceptions of surgical outcomes in areas such as orthognathic surgery.
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Emociones , Expresión Facial , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos/psicología , Personalidad , Percepción Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Colaboración de las Masas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Periodo Posoperatorio , Periodo Preoperatorio , Método Simple Ciego , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Understanding the factors that underlie the production of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), as well as regularly monitoring production levels, are key to allow sustainability assessments of NTFP extractive economies. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) seed harvesting from natural forests is one of the cornerstone NTFP economies in Amazonia. In the Peruvian Amazon it is organized in a concession system. Drawing on seed production estimates of >135,000 individual Brazil nut trees from >400 concessions and ethno-ecological interviews with >80 concession holders, here we aimed to (i) assess the accuracy of seed production estimates by Brazil nut seed harvesters, and (ii) validate their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the variables that influence Brazil nut production. We compared productivity estimates with actual field measurements carried out in the study area and found a positive correlation between them. Furthermore, we compared the relationships between seed production and a number of phenotypic, phytosanitary and environmental variables described in literature with those obtained for the seed production estimates and found high consistency between them, justifying the use of the dataset for validating TEK and innovative hypothesis testing. As expected, nearly all TEK on Brazil nut productivity was corroborated by our data. This is reassuring as Brazil nut concession holders, and NTFP harvesters at large, rely on their knowledge to guide the management of the trees upon which their extractive economies are based. Our findings suggest that productivity estimates of Brazil nut trees and possibly other NTFP-producing species could replace or complement actual measurements, which are very expensive and labour intensive, at least in areas where harvesters have a tradition of collecting NTFPs from the same trees over multiple years or decades. Productivity estimates might even be sourced from harvesters through registers on an annual basis, thus allowing a more cost-efficient and robust monitoring of productivity levels.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Colaboración de las Masas , Bosques , Lecythidaceae/embriología , Semillas , PerúRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe and relate the main environmental risk factors in the emergency process after a large urban fire in Valparaiso, Chile, in April 2014. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. All 243 reports from an ad hoc web/mobile website created on the Ushahidi/Crowdmap platform were reviewed. Reports were recorded in a new database with dichotomist variables based on either the presence or absence of the relevant category in each report. RESULTS: Almost one-third of the reports presented data about garbage (30%) and chemical toilets (29%). Reports related to water, infrastructural damage, and garbage had significant associations with 4 categories by chi-square test. In the logistic regression model for chemical toilets, only the variable of water was significant (P value=0.00; model P value: 0.00; R2: 11.7%). The "garbage" category confirmed infrastructural damage (P value: 0.00), water (P value: 0.028), and vectors (P value: 0.00) as predictors (model P value: 0.00; R2: 23.09%). CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant evidence was found for the statistical dependence of 7 out of 10 studied variables. The most frequent environmental risk factors in the reports were garbage, chemical toilets, and donation centers. The highest correlation found was for damaged infrastructure, vectors, and garbage. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:239-243).
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Colaboración de las Masas/métodos , Incendios , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Chile , Estudios Transversales , Residuos de Alimentos , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Cuartos de Baño , Población Urbana/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Assessing surgical skill is critical in improving patient care while reducing medical errors, length of stay, and readmission rates. Crowdsourcing provides 1 potential method for accurately assessing this; only recently has crowdsourcing been studied as a valid way to provide feedback to surgeons. The results of such studies are explored. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed to identify studies that have attempted to validate crowdsourcing as a method for assessing surgical skill. Through a combination of abstract screening and full-length review, 9 studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Crowdsourcing has been validated as an important way to provide feedback for surgical skill. It has been demonstrated to be effective in both dry-lab and live surgery, for a variety of tasks and methods. However, more studies must be performed to ensure that crowdsourcing can provide quality feedback in a wider variety of scenarios.
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Competencia Clínica/normas , Colaboración de las Masas/métodos , Cirugía General/normas , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Colaboración de las Masas/economía , Retroalimentación Psicológica , Humanos , Grabación en VideoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted gynecologic surgery is common, but requires unique training. A validated assessment tool for evaluating trainees' robotic surgery skills is Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether crowdsourcing can be used as an alternative to expert surgical evaluators in scoring Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills. STUDY DESIGN: The Robotic Training Network produced the Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills, which evaluate trainees across 5 dry lab robotic surgical drills. Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills were previously validated in a study of 105 participants, where dry lab surgical drills were recorded, de-identified, and scored by 3 expert surgeons using the Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills checklist. Our methods-comparison study uses these previously obtained recordings and expert surgeon scores. Mean scores per participant from each drill were separated into quartiles. Crowdworkers were trained and calibrated on Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills scoring using a representative recording of a skilled and novice surgeon. Following this, 3 recordings from each scoring quartile for each drill were randomly selected. Crowdworkers evaluated the randomly selected recordings using Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills. Linear mixed effects models were used to derive mean crowdsourced ratings for each drill. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the correlation between crowdsourced and expert surgeons' ratings. RESULTS: In all, 448 crowdworkers reviewed videos from 60 dry lab drills, and completed a total of 2517 Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills assessments within 16 hours. Crowdsourced Robotic-Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills ratings were highly correlated with expert surgeon ratings across each of the 5 dry lab drills (r ranging from 0.75-0.91). CONCLUSION: Crowdsourced assessments of recorded dry lab surgical drills using a validated assessment tool are a rapid and suitable alternative to expert surgeon evaluation.
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Colaboración de las Masas , Evaluación Educacional/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/educación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/educación , Entrenamiento Simulado , Competencia Clínica , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/normas , Humanos , India , Modelos Lineales , México , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/normas , Estados Unidos , Grabación en VideoRESUMEN
Crowdfunding represents an attractive new option for funding research projects, especially for students and early-career scientists or in the absence of governmental aid in some countries. The number of successful science-related crowdfunding campaigns is growing, which demonstrates the public's willingness to support and participate in scientific projects. Putting together a crowdfunding campaign is not trivial, however, so here is a guide to help you make yours a success.
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Colaboración de las Masas/economía , Investigación/economía , Comunicación , Medios de Comunicación SocialesRESUMEN
OBJETIVOS: Criar um sistema baseado em conceitos de gamificação e crowdsourcing, para auxiliar no combate/prevenção ao Aedes aegypti. Com ênfase nos indicadores: número de notificações de focos do mosquito; tempo médio para gerar relatórios utilizados no planejamento e tempo médio entre a notificação e o recebimento da mesma pelo agente de campo. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-exploratório em parceria com as vigilâncias para a idealização, especificação, implementação e teste piloto do sistema proposto. RESULTADOS: Foi produzido um aplicativo móvel para a população realizar notificações que alimentam um sistema de informação na web, georreferenciado e usado pela VA/VE para apoio à gestão de seus serviços. No piloto foi verificado uma melhoria significativa nos indicadores considerados. CONCLUSÃO: O sistema poderá funcionar como um novo canal de denúncia, assim como auxiliar os processos e serviços da VA/VE para um combate mais eficiente e eficaz ao mosquito e às doenças por ele transmitidas.
OBJECTIVES: Develop and apply a gamified and crowdsourcing information system to speed up and improvedecision making by sanitary and health agencies ("VA/VE") as they attempt to prevent the spread of the zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. METHODS: Carry out a quantitative-exploratory study in partnership with VA/VE to specify, implement and (pilot) test the proposed system. RESULTS: The work produceda gamified, crowdsourced mobile app for the population to feed information on Aedes aegypti´s infestation into a georeferenced web information system. VA/VE use this web IS to manage their operations. The pilot test provided evidence that the partner VA/VE was able to make faster and better decisions. CONCLUSION: The proposed IS may serve as a newAedes aegypti infestation notification channel for the population and as a decision support system for VA/VE for more efficient and effective combat against the mosquito and related diseases.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Aedes , Dengue/prevención & control , Colaboración de las Masas , Aplicaciones Móviles , Congresos como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Citizen science, scientific research conducted by non-specialists, has the potential to facilitate biomedical research using available large-scale data, however validating the results is challenging. The Cell Slider is a citizen science project that intends to share images from tumors with the general public, enabling them to score tumor markers independently through an internet-based interface. METHODS: From October 2012 to June 2014, 98,293 Citizen Scientists accessed the Cell Slider web page and scored 180,172 sub-images derived from images of 12,326 tissue microarray cores labeled for estrogen receptor (ER). We evaluated the accuracy of Citizen Scientist's ER classification, and the association between ER status and prognosis by comparing their test performance against trained pathologists. FINDINGS: The area under ROC curve was 0.95 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.96) for cancer cell identification and 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.97) for ER status. ER positive tumors scored by Citizen Scientists were associated with survival in a similar way to that scored by trained pathologists. Survival probability at 15 years were 0.78 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.80) for ER-positive and 0.72 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.77) for ER-negative tumors based on Citizen Scientists classification. Based on pathologist classification, survival probability was 0.79 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.81) for ER-positive and 0.71 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.74) for ER-negative tumors. The hazard ratio for death was 0.26 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.37) at diagnosis and became greater than one after 6.5 years of follow-up for ER scored by Citizen Scientists, and 0.24 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.33) at diagnosis increasing thereafter to one after 6.7 (95% CI 4.1 to 10.9) years of follow-up for ER scored by pathologists. INTERPRETATION: Crowdsourcing of the general public to classify cancer pathology data for research is viable, engages the public and provides accurate ER data. Crowdsourced classification of research data may offer a valid solution to problems of throughput requiring human input.