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There has been an important global interest in Open Science, which include open data and methods, in addition to open access publications. It has been proposed that public availability of raw data increases the value and the possibility of confirmation of scientific findings, in addition to the potential of reducing research waste. Availability of raw data in open repositories facilitates the adequate development of meta-analysis and the cumulative evaluation of evidence for specific topics. In this commentary, we discuss key elements about data sharing in open repositories and we invite researchers around the world to deposit their data in them.

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The pressure for every research article to tell a clear story often leads researchers in the life sciences to exclude experiments that 'did not work' when they write up their results. However, this practice can lead to reporting bias if the decisions about which experiments to exclude are taken after data have been collected and analyzed. Here we discuss how to balance clarity and thoroughness when reporting the results of research, and suggest that predefining the criteria for excluding experiments might help researchers to achieve this balance.

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A recent published newspaper article commented on the (lack of) quality of Brazilian science and its (in) efficiency. The newspaper article was based on a special issue of Nature and on a new resource for scientometrics called Nature Index. I show here arguments and sources of bias that, under the light of the principle in dubio pro reo, it is questionable to dispute the quality and efficiency of the Brazilian science on these grounds, as it was commented on the referred article. A brief overview of Brazilian science is provided for readers to make their own judgment.

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Academic evaluation has been an essential component of modern science since its inception, as science has moved away from personalized patronage toward its contemporary role as an essential enterprise of contemporary, democratic societies. In recent years, Brazil has experienced sustained growth in its scientific output, which is nowadays fully compatible with its status as a high middle-income country striving to become a fully developed, more equitable country in the years to come. Growth usually takes place amidst challenges and dilemmas and, in Brazil as elsewhere, academic evaluation is not exempt from such difficulties. In a large, profoundly heterogeneous country with a national evaluation system and nationwide on-line platforms disseminating information on the most disparate fields of knowledge, the main challenges refer to how to pay attention to detail without losing sight of comprehensiveness and how to handle social and regional diversity while preserving academic excellence as the fundamental benchmark.

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UNLABELLED: In order to identify the core curriculum of each course from the faculty of medicine's study plan at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 22 workshops were organized. A total of 505 professors of 22 different subjects participated to identify the core content of each course: to define essential and necessary contents; to relate each objective´s course with some of the eight established competences; and to apply an individual questionnaire where the professor suggests strategies for the vertical and horizontal integration among similar courses. At the end of these workshops, several meetings were carried out to incorporate the work done in order to design an integrated and modified program with the essential and necessary knowledge, eliminating the obsolete one. We also managed to integrate two courses in both horizontal and vertical ways to avoid repetition of topics. RESULTS: Twenty-two courses were reviewed, from which two of them were horizontally and vertically integrated. The content of six courses was modified and one course was divided into three programs. This resulted in the achievement of our goal: to have an academic program with essential and necessary contents that integrates the essential core curriculum, which in turn leads to the achievement of the intermediate and final competences.

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A ciência ocidental, hoje, é a ciência instituída que vem em primeiro lugar, com características como a objetividade, mensuração e o cartesianismo. Este trabalho vem trazer à luz, de certa forma, uma discussão antiga sobre o que é ciência. E, por trás desse pano de fundo, desvela-se a questão central: quais motivos levaram alguns médicos, imersos na racionalidade biomédica e, consequentemente, na racionalidade científica ocidental, a olhar outras racionalidades da saúde, chegando a escolher trabalhar com pelo menos uma delas, a medicina floral, tema central deste estudo. Justo esta, uma medicina embasada em outra racionalidade de saúde, em outra racionalidade científica e, com isso, outra compreensão de sujeito, de doenças, de saúde, de tratamento e de cura. Enquanto a ciência médica ocidental foca seu olhar nas doenças, órgãos e lesões e ainda está a passos lentos, começando a olhar para os sujeitos e sua relação consigo mesmo e com o seu entorno para pensar a cura e a doença, a medicina floral que é uma das medicinas complementares olha o sujeito em todas as suas relações para realizar seu diagnóstico e seu tratamento, sem fragmentar o indivíduo e seu corpo. Através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2010), realizada com as oito entrevistas feitas com médicos que também atuam com medicina floral no município de Porto Alegre-RS, foram observadas seis categorias, as quais indicam as diferenças das racionalidades e as influências de cada uma em seus trabalhos e, ainda, os motivos pela escolha da medicina floral como mais uma ferramenta de trabalho no tratamento dos sujeitos doentes, ou melhor, com algum desequilíbrio físico, mental ou emocional. As categorias são: 1. O que é doença?; 2. O que é cura?; 3. O que é saúde?; 4. Como é a medicina ocidental; 5. Como é a medicina floral; 6. Caminho da biomedicina ao floral. Estas categorias indicam a forma de pensar dos médicos durante sua história de vida e sua história profissional, o que os influenciou e até os levou a trabalhar com terapia floral. Alguns deles já possuíam em sua vida fatores e concepções que foram os pilares para aguçar sua curiosidade em relação a outras formas de cuidado com os pacientes, que complementassem o que aprenderam com a medicina. Outros médicos, totalmente imersos na racionalidade científica e médica ocidental, foram pegos de surpresa pelos efeitos do floral em suas vidas ou na vida de pessoas próximas, o que os fez repensar sobre seu agir médico. Todos, no entanto, ao entrar em contato com a medicina floral, disseram ter percebido nesta a possibilidade de ajudar seus pacientes e a si mesmos na arte de curar o sofrimento humano, obtendo assim resultados que foram e são interessantes ou mesmo surpreendentes. Talvez essa surpresa não seja apenas pelos resultados, mas pela maior aproximação que o estudo dos florais possibilitou entre esses médicos e seus pacientes, e, assim, entre esses médicos e a arte de curar, tornando-os, ainda mais, agentes de cura de sujeitos, e não apenas de doenças ou lesões.(AU)

Western science, today, is science that has been instituted and comes in the first place, with characteristics such as objectivity, measurement and Cartesianism. This study brings to light, in a way, an old debate about what science is. And, behind that backdrop, reveals itself the central question: what reasons have led some doctors, immersed in the biomedical rationality and, consequently, in the Western scientific rationality, to look at other rationalities of health, getting to choose to work with at least one of them, the floral medicine, main theme of this study. Just this, a medicine based on other rationality of health, on other scientific rationality and, therefore, another understanding of individual, disease, health, treatment and cure. While the Western medical science focuses its gaze on diseases, organs and injuries and it is still slow, floral medicine - which is one of the complementary medicines is starting to look at the individuals and their relation with themselves and their surroundings to think about healing and illness, it looks at the person in all his relations to make his diagnosis and treatment, without fragmenting the individual and his body. Through content analysis of Bardin (2010), held with eight interviews with doctors who also work with floral medicine in the city of Porto Alegre, six categories were observed, which indicate the differences of the rationalities and the influences of each one in their work and also the reasons for the choice of floral medicine as a tool in the treatment of sick individuals, or better, of individuals with some physical, mental or emotional imbalance. The categories are: 1. What is illness? 2. What is healing? 3. What is health? 4. How does Western science work; 5. How does floral medicine work; 6. The path from biomedicine to floral medicine. These categories indicate the way of thinking of doctors during their life history and their professional history, what has influenced them and even led them up to work with floral therapy. Some of them already had in their lives factors and concepts that were the pillars to whet their curiosity about other forms of care with patients that complemented what they learned with medicine. Other doctors, fully immersed in the Western medical and scientific rationality, were caught by surprise by the effects of floral in their lives or in the lives of people nearby, which made them rethink their actions as doctors. All, however, when in contact with floral medicine, claimed to have noticed in this the possibility of helping their patients and themselves in the art of curing human suffering, thereby obtaining results that were and are interesting or even amazing. Maybe this surprise is not only because of the results, but because of the approximation that the study of floral made possible between these doctors and their patients, and thus between these doctors and the art of healing, making them even more curing agents of individuals and not just of illness or injuries.(AU)

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