RESUMEN
The objective was to evaluate the biosolids as an alternative source of nutrients in the production of chrysanthemums by adding increasing doses to the cultivation substrate. The experimental design was in blocks with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of the mixture (commercial substrate + biosolid) at the concentrations: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of biosolid + two controls (100% of biosolid and 100% of substrate). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 90 days. Physiological parameters, number of flower buds, dry biomass and nutrient accumulation were evaluated. Physiological parameters were evaluated using the Infrared Gas Analyzer. The number of flower buds was evaluated by counting. Biomass was determined after drying the structures and then calculated the accumulation of nutrients. A total of 90 plants were evaluated. Concentrations of up to 40% of biosolid promoted a greater number of flower buds, dry biomass and nutrient accumulation. Concentrations above 60% lower number of buds, biomass increment and nutrient accumulation. It is concluded that the biosolid has potential as an alternative source of nutrients in the cultivation of chrysanthemums, indicating concentrations of up to 40% and the nutrient content of each batch generated must be verified.
Asunto(s)
Biomasa , Chrysanthemum , Flores , Nutrientes , Chrysanthemum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Chrysanthemum/metabolismo , Nutrientes/metabolismo , Nutrientes/análisis , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Flores/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, the nitrate transporter gene CmNRT1 was isolated from the chrysanthemum variety 'Nannongxuefeng'. The full-length cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1761 bp encoding 587 residues. Using qRT-PCR, we found that CmNRT1 was induced by 10 mM NO3(-) in roots and shoots. Two Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants expressing CmNRT1 were selected for functional analyses. Root (15)N influx in wild-type and transgenic A. thaliana lines under 10 or 0.2 mM (15)NO3 was tested. Our results indicate that CmNRT1 encodes a constitutive component for a low-affinity transporter.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Transporte de Anión/metabolismo , Chrysanthemum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Transporte de Anión/química , Proteínas de Transporte de Anión/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Anión/aislamiento & purificación , Arabidopsis/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Transportadores de Nitrato , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
Phloem-feeding aphids cause serious damage to plants. The mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions are only partially understood and involve multiple pathways, including phytohormones. In order to investigate whether salicylic acid (SA) is involved and how it plays a part in the defense response to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanbourni, physiological changes and gene expression profiles in response to aphid inoculation with or without SA pretreatment were compared between the aphid-resistant Artemisia vulgaris 'Variegata' and the susceptible chrysanthemum, Dendranthema nankingense. Changes in levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA), and flavonoids, and in the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), CHS (chalcone synthase), CHI (chalcone isomerase), F3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase), F3'H (flavanone 3'-hydroxylase), and DFR (dihydroflavonol reductase), were investigated. Levels of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, MDA, and flavonoids, and their related gene expression, increased after aphid infestation and SA pretreatment followed by aphid infestation; the aphid-resistant A. vulgaris exhibited a more rapid response than the aphid-susceptible D. nankingense to SA treatment and aphid infestation. Taken together, our results suggest that SA could be used to increase aphid resistance in the chrysanthemum.
Asunto(s)
Áfidos/fisiología , Artemisia/efectos de los fármacos , Chrysanthemum/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Aciltransferasas/genética , Aciltransferasas/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas de Alcohol/genética , Oxidorreductasas de Alcohol/metabolismo , Animales , Áfidos/patogenicidad , Artemisia/genética , Artemisia/metabolismo , Artemisia/parasitología , Chrysanthemum/genética , Chrysanthemum/metabolismo , Chrysanthemum/parasitología , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Flavonoides/biosíntesis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Liasas Intramoleculares/genética , Liasas Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/genética , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/metabolismo , Fenilanina Amoníaco-Liasa/genética , Fenilanina Amoníaco-Liasa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Ethanol production derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation of a hydrolysate from floriculture waste degradation was studied. The hydrolysate was produced from Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) waste degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus and characterized to determine the presence of compounds that may inhibit fermentation. The products of hydrolysis confirmed by HPLC were cellobiose, glucose, xylose and mannose. The hydrolysate was fermented by S. cerevisiae, and concentrations of biomass, ethanol, and glucose were determined as a function of time. Results were compared to YGC modified medium (yeast extract, glucose and chloramphenicol) fermentation. Ethanol yield was 0.45 g g(-1), 88 % of the maximal theoretical value. Crysanthemum waste hydrolysate was suitable for ethanol production, containing glucose and mannose with adequate nutrients for S. cerevisiae fermentation and low fermentation inhibitor levels.