RESUMEN
Populations of freshwater species have been declining rapidly and species are becoming extinct. Thus, understanding freshwater species distribution, trends and patterns is required. The Munim River basin is situated in a region with a phytogeographic interface between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Although the Munim basin ichthyofauna is currently relatively well-known, data on its helminth fauna is scarce. The present study aimed to characterize the nematofauna of Bryconops cf. affinis (Günther) and Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch) from two different localities in the middle section of the Munim River, and thus to contribute to the knowledge of biodiversity in this region. Specimens of Bryconops cf. affinis were parasitized with the nematodes Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) krameri (Petter, 1974) and "Porrocaecum-like" species (larvae) in both localities. Saxatilia brasiliensis presented the nematodes P. (S.) krameri, Pseudoproleptus sp. (larvae), Cucullanus sp. and Procamallanus sp. (larvae). Procamallanus (S.) krameri was found parasitizing S. brasiliensis only from the Feio stream. Morphometric data and parasitological parameters are given. The present study provides the first record of nematodes for B. cf. affinis and for S. brasiliensis contributing to the knowledge of the helminth fauna of freshwater fishes from locations that have not yet been studied, such as the Munim River basin.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Ríos , Animales , Brasil , Characiformes/parasitología , Nematodos/clasificación , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Cíclidos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
The practice of hybridization is carried out globally in fish farms. Here, we present the first record of the parasitic fauna of hybrids among genus Colossoma and Piaractus in natural environments. We identified a total of 48 hybrids, nine F1 hybrids (nuclear DNA from both species present in the cross) and 38 advanced hybrids (nuclear DNA from one species), both from crosses between Piaractus brachypomus and Piaractus mesopotamicus, and one F1 "tambacu" corresponding to cross between Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus. This is the first record of Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Anacanthorus toledoensis, Mymarothecium viatorum, Mymarothecium ianwhittington, Haementeria sp., Dadaytrema oxycephala, Rondonia rondoni, and Echinorhynchus gomesi parasitizing hybrids collected in a natural environment. With this, we expand knowledge about the diversity of fish and parasites in the upper Paraná River and warn about the risk that fish escapes can cause in the basin.
Asunto(s)
Hibridación Genética , Animales , Characiformes/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Parásitos/clasificación , Parásitos/genética , Parásitos/aislamiento & purificación , Ríos , Brasil , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitologíaRESUMEN
In aquaculture worldwide, most of the chemotherapeutic agents used for disease control and treatment are unregulated chemical products derived from agriculture. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of therapeutic baths with albendazole against the monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri, which infest the gills of Colossoma macropomum, and the hematological and histopathological effects of this anthelmintic agent on these fish. Albendazole at a concentration of 500 mg/L was used in three baths of 24 hours each, with intervals of 24 hours between these baths. Three replications of this treatment were used, and the control group consisted of water from the cultivation tank. Afterwards, hematological, histopathological and parasitological analyses were conducted. We found that the therapeutic baths with albendazole at 500 mg/L presented high efficacy (94.9%) against monogeneans de C. macropomum and caused few physiological or histopathological alterations. Therefore, baths with albendazole at 500 mg/L, as used in this strategy, can be recommended for controlling and treating infections by monogeneans in C. macropomum.
Asunto(s)
Albendazol , Antihelmínticos , Enfermedades de los Peces , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Albendazol/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Characiformes/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Trematodos/efectos de los fármacos , Platelmintos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This paper aims to describe Plenivitellinum kifi n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Azygiidae) infecting the gastrointestinal tract of the African tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861 (Characiformes: Alestidae) in the Kavango River, Namibia. We revise the diagnosis of Azygiidae Lühe, 1909 to accommodate this new species. METHODS: The worm was heat-killed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, stained in Van Cleave's and Ehrlich's hematoxylins, cleared in clove oil, and mounted on glass slide using Canada balsam. RESULTS: The new azygiid resembles species of Otodistomum Stafford, 1904 by having an elongate body, a ventral sucker that is wider than the oral sucker and that is in the anterior half of the body, a pre-testicular ovary, a uterus that primarily occupies the inter-caecal space between the ovary and the ventral sucker, and a vitellarium that is restricted to the hindbody and that is confluent posteriorly in the post-testicular region. The new genus differs from all species of Azygiidae by having the combination of a ventral sucker that is wider than the oral sucker (vs. narrower), an elongate prostatic sac that extends posteriad to near the posterior margin of the ventral sucker (vs. an ovoid prostatic sac that is wholly anterior to or slightly overlaps the anterior margin of the ventral sucker), a vitellarium that nearly fills the post-testicular space and that extends posteriad beyond the caecal tips (vs. a vitellarium that is separate posteriorly or that is restricted to the anterior half of the post-testicular space and does not extend posteriad beyond the caecal tips), and an I-shaped excretory bladder (vs. Y-shaped). CONCLUSION: This study documents the first record of an azygiid from Africa and the first record of an azygiid infecting a characiform fish.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Ríos , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Animales , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Ríos/parasitología , Characiformes/parasitología , Namibia , Tracto Gastrointestinal/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Astyanax lacustris is a small characid fish widely distributed in Brazil, with fast-growing and omnivorous feeding habits. Although the species presents economic and ecological importance, little is known about its parasitological fauna in stream environments. This study aimed to characterize the parasitic fauna of A. lacustris in two streams in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifty-two specimens of A. lacustris were collected, 22 from the Carolina stream (Lower Iguaçu River) and 30 from the Carreira stream (Upper Paraná River), in July and September 2018. In both streams, there was a low richness of parasites, and the structure of the parasitic community was predominantly composed of monogeneans. These findings may be associated with the gregarious behavior of the host species. Moreover, the low occurrence of endohelminths, may be associated with the fact that in streams, the energy flow is low, and depends directly on the input of allochthonous matter, which favors the formation of shelters for the establishment of macroinvertebrates, which represent important sources of food for the ichthyofauna, and may act as intermediate and paratenic hosts of parasites. These environments require further studies to support conservation measures aimed at maintaining the balance of ecological relationships in these preserved ecosystems.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Ríos , Animales , Brasil , Characiformes/parasitología , Characidae/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Two new species of Urocleidoides are described from the gills of Pseudanos trimaculatus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Urocleidoides itabocaensis n. sp. is characterized by having a sclerotized, tubular, sigmoid male copulatory organ (MCO), a circular sclerotized tandem brim associated with the base of the MCO; an accessory piece articulated with the MCO, a V-shaped, divided into two subunits, distal subunit spoon-shaped; and a vaginal pore dextroventral with opening marginal. Urocleidoides omphalocleithrum n. sp. is characterized by presenting a C-shaped or sigmoid MCO; an accessory piece articulated with the MCO, L-shaped, divided into two subunits, distal subunit gutter-shaped; a vaginal pore dextroventral with opening marginal; and a ventral bar broadly V-shaped, with anteromedial projection. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA genes indicate that U. itabocaensis n. sp. and U. omphalocleithrum n. sp. are closely related and appear as a sister group to other Urocleidoides species (U. paradoxus, U. digitabulum and U. sinus) parasitizing anostomid fishes. This study represents the first record of monogenoids from the gills of P. trimaculatus for the Eastern Amazon.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Filogenia , Especificidad de la Especie , Animales , Brasil , Characiformes/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/genética , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , MasculinoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study investigated the anthelmintic efficacy of therapeutic baths with the essential oil of Piper marginatum Jacq against the monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus Kritsky, Thatcher & Kayton, 1979, Notozothecium janauachensis Belmont-Jégu, Domingues & Laterça 2004, Mymarothecium boegeri Cohen & Kohn, 2005 and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni Thatcher & Krytsky, 1983 in Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, and its hematological and histopathological effects on this fish. METHODS: Short six therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of P. marginatum and two control groups (water from the cultivation tank and water from the cultivation tank + 70% alcohol) were used for 20 min every two days. RESULTS: The therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of P. marginatum had efficacy of 42.8% against monogeneans of C. macropomum gills. Toxicity was low for C. macropomum, because there were few physiological and histopathological changes that did not compromise the functioning of the gills of this fish. CONCLUSION: Short therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of P. marginatum had low efficacy for controlling monogeneans in C. macropomum and thus cannot be recommended.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Branquias , Aceites Volátiles , Piper , Infecciones por Trematodos , Animales , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/tratamiento farmacológico , Characiformes/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Piper/química , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Trematodos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Two new dactylogyrid monogeneans, Anacanthorus cultro n. sp. and Notozothecium palometae n. sp., are described based on specimens collected from the gill filaments of Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope, 1872) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a pelagic and herbivore teleost collected in the Tigre river, Loreto, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Some monogeneans were stained with Gomori's trichrome and mounted in Canada Balsam to determine internal soft structures. Others were cleared in Hoyer's medium for the study of sclerotized structures. Drawings were made using a drawing tube and a microprojector. RESULTS: Anacanthorus cultro n. sp. is characterized by the presence of a rod-shaped male copulatory organ (MCO) lacking featherlike structures, and a knife-shaped accessory piece with a submedial knob. Notozothecium palometae n. sp. can be distinguished from all congeners by its MCO with a subbasal spur and an accessory piece with inverted hammer shaped. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first data on the parasites of M. albiscopum, a popular fish in local markets. Anacanthorus cultro n. sp. is the twenty-fifth documented species of the genus in Peru, while N. palometae n. sp. represents the seventh species of the genus known to infect freshwater fish species in Peru.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Animales , Perú , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Characiformes/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Branquias/parasitología , Ríos/parasitología , Masculino , Platelmintos/clasificación , Platelmintos/anatomía & histología , Platelmintos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
During the study of ectoparasites (Platyhelminthes) of fish in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River - Brazil, a new species of Urocleidoides, present in the gill filaments of Hemiodus orthonops (Hemiodontidae), is described using morphological description and molecular data from the mitochondrial region of cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 1 (COI) and the partial region of the 28S rDNA gene. Urocleidoides luquei n. sp. differs from all its congeners by the presence of a filament that joins the accessory piece to the base of the male copulatory organ and resembles U. paradoxus and U. surianoae. Phylogenetic analyses using molecular data revealed that U. luquei n. sp. forms a paraphyletic group concerning the other Urocleidoides species. In this way, as well as contributing to the description of a new species, we seek to encourage and contribute to the increase in research using integrative taxonomy, thus making it possible to elucidate some unresolved questions about the genus Urocleidoides.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Masculino , Animales , Ríos/parasitología , Filogenia , Brasil , Characiformes/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
This study investigated for the first time the effectiveness of therapeutic baths with essential oil (EO) of Piper hispidum against monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni from the gills of Colossoma macropomum, as well as the hematological and histological effects on this fish. In therapeutic baths, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil and two control groups (water from the culture tank and water from the culture tank with 70% alcohol) were exposed for 1 h/day, with intervals of 48 hours for 3 days, and three replicates each were used. Therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil had an efficacy of 78.6% against monogeneans. The toxicity of this essential oil was low, since there were a few physiological and histopathological changes that did not compromise the functioning of the gills of the fish. Therefore, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil was effective for controlling monogeneans in C. macropomum, when short therapeutic baths were used without compromising the health of the exposed fish.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Aceites Volátiles , Piper , Trematodos , Animales , Branquias/parasitología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Peces/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Characiformes/parasitología , AguaRESUMEN
The success of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus infection in fish involves a complexity of variables. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between abundance of P. (S.) inopinatus with biometric and somatic parameters, sex, relative condition factor (Kn) and hosts diet, as well as to evaluate length relationship of the parasites and the hosts. The fishes were collected by the mesh method and data, length, weight, sex, gonad and liver weight, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), Kn and stomach content were recorded. Twenty-seven specimens of P. (S.) inopinatus were collected in the intestine from Serrasalmus rhombeus and 52 from Leporinus friderici. In general, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of infection was higher in L. friderici. The total abundance was explained by the variables GSI, HSI total length, gonad and liver weight. Fish relative condition factor (kn) and sex were not influenced by the infection, being that the parasite infection did not impair the body condition of the hosts. There is no relationship between host length and parasite length in any of the evaluated fish species. On average, S. rhombeus parasites are 0.69 cm larger than L. friderici parasites.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Nematodos , Parásitos , Animales , Characiformes/parasitología , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
A study of the parasite-host interactions was conducted in the protected area popularly known as the "Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena" and its tributary, the São Francisco Falso River. For each of the three host species, Schizodon borellii, Hoplias aff. malabaricus, and Trachelyopterus galeatus, 30 fish were collected from 2018 to 2019. A total of 2172 parasites were identified among the three host species. Among these, the Monogenea class had the highest number of species, with 26 taxa, followed by Copepoda with eight taxa, Digenea with six taxa, and Cestoda and Nematoda with one taxon each. Eleven new records of infection/infestation were found among the host species such as Urocleidoides paradoxus, Urocleidoides ramentacuminatus, Rhinoxenus arietinus, Mymarothecioides sp. (Monogenea), Ergasilus cf. bryconis, Lernaea devastatrix, and Brasergasilus sp. (Copepoda) parasitizing S. borellii. Trinigyrus sp., Vancleaveus sp. (Monogenea), Gamispinus diabolicus (Copepoda) present in T. galeatus, and Gamidactylus jaraquensis (Copepoda) present in H. aff. malabaricus. This study contributes to the record of parasite species occurrence in the vicinity of a protected area and helps fill gaps in the knowledge of fish parasitic fauna in the Neotropical region.
Asunto(s)
Bagres , Characiformes , Copépodos , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Characiformes/parasitología , Ríos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Eight species (four new) of Urocleidoides are reported from Characiformes and Gymnotiformes fishes of the coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon. Urocleidoides vanini n. sp. is characterized by having a male copulatory organ (MCO) with three and a half counterclockwise rings, absence of vaginal sclerite, and a V-shaped ventral bar. Urocleidoides atilaiamarinoi n. sp. has MCO with two and a half counterclockwise rings, dumbbell-shaped accessory piece, similar anchors, open V-shaped ventral bar, and open U-shaped dorsal bar. Urocleidoides macrosoma n. sp. exhibits an elongate and robust body, MCO comprising one counterclockwise ring, similar anchors with wavy point, and dumbbell-shaped ventral and dorsal bars. Urocleidoides nataliapasternakae n. sp. has MCO comprising two and a half counterclockwise rings, vaginal canal convoluted, point of the dorsal anchor with ornamentation as sclerotized shredded filaments, elongate dumbbell-shaped ventral bar, and U-shaped dorsal bar. Urocleidoides naris and Urocleidoides brasiliensis from H. malabaricus (Characiformes) and the incertae sedis species, Urocleidoides gymnotus and Urocleidoides carapus, from Sternopygus macrurus (Gymnotiformes) are reported, and their molecular sequences are presented in this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data (28S rDNA and COI mtDNA) reveal that species of Urocleidoides lacking vaginal sclerite are closely related to species that possess vaginal sclerite, suggesting that the absence of vaginal sclerite in Urocleidoides may be the result of a secondary loss. The relationships between species of Urocleidoides and other Neotropical dactylogyrids are also addressed.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Femenino , Masculino , Animales , Filogenia , Brasil , Branquias/parasitología , Trematodos/genética , Characiformes/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Acanthocephalosis is caused by the endoparasite Neoechynorhyncus buttnerae and affects fish farmed in the Amazon. This study assessed the efficacy of therapeutic levamisole hydrochloride (LVC) baths against N. buttnerae and its effects on juvenile tambaqui blood parameters. In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out, the latter employing two experimental therapeutic LVC bath protocols. Concerning in vitro efficacy, the T75 (75 mg.L-1 LVC) and T100 (mg.L-1 LVC) treatments were 100% effective in 15 min, while the T50 (50 mg.L-1 LVC) and T25 (25 mg.L-1 LVC) treatments required parasite exposure for 45 and 60 min, respectively. During exposure, the parasites displayed reduced motility, proboscis retraction, coiling into a spiral shape, body rigidity and swelling. The LVC LC50-72h for juvenile tambaqui was 115 mg.L-1 . Regarding in vivo efficacy for Protocol I (8-h bath), the T125 resulted in 82% effectiveness, while in Protocol II (two 8-h baths with a 24-h interval), the T115 treatment (115 mg.L-1 LVC) achieved 95.6% effectiveness without clinical intoxication signs, despite behavioural changes. No significant changes were observed in fish blood parameters. LVC was, therefore, highly effective both in vitro and in vivo in controlling the acanthocephalan N. buttnerae without compromising tambaqui juvenile homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Acantocéfalos , Antihelmínticos , Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Animales , Levamisol/farmacología , Levamisol/uso terapéutico , Acuicultura , Enfermedades de los Peces/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Characiformes/parasitologíaRESUMEN
This study aims to report the occurrence of two important parasites in farmed tambaqui Colossoma macropomum in the state of Tocantins, the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and the dinoflagellate protozoan Piscinoodinium pillulare, also suggesting the main treatments to control them. The fish sampled for the study were infected by N. buttnerae, and P. pillulare, with prevalence from 100% and mean intensity from 51.4 to 354,264, respectively. This was the first report on the occurrence of such parasites in C. macropomum in the state of Tocantins. We emphasize the need to adopt good farm management and biosecurity practices to prevent pathogenic agents to enter or leave a property. Reported treatments with synthetic and natural products with positive results are also suggested to treat against those parasites in farmed C. macropomum.
Asunto(s)
Acantocéfalos , Characiformes , Dinoflagelados , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Animales , Brasil , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Characiformes/parasitologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Research on gill monogeneans of Characiform has made it possible to find two new species belonging to the genus Annulotrema. The purpose of this paper is to carry out their morphological description. METHODS: Specimens of Brycinus macrolepidotus were captured in the Nyong River at Akonolinga. Each monogenean was mounted between slide and cover slip in a drop of glycerin ammonium picrate mixture. The sclerotized parts of their haptor and reproductive organs were then drawn and measured. RESULTS: Two new species of Annulotrema were described. Annulotrema ngombiensis n. sp. is morphologically close to Annulotrema tenuicirra Paperna, 1973 and Annulotrema pikei Price, Peebles and Bamford, 1969. However, the new species differs from these other two mainly by the characteristic well-marked terminal cap and the tubiform prostatic reservoir of the accessory part of its MCO, as well as by its dorsal bar with a characteristic triangular piece in the middle of the fork and its ventral bar without filaments. Annulotrema nkengfacki n. sp. is distinguished from all other species previously described as well as from its closest congeners, Annulotrema helicocirra Paperna, 1973 and Annulotrema bouixi Birgi, 1988 by the structure of its MCO whose accessory part is composed of a trapezoid structure surmounted by another which is forked-shaped and by its arched-shaped ventral bar with an inner lining. CONCLUSION: Brycinus macrolepidotus from Cameroon can harbour two species of Annulotrema, both described in the current study. This result contributes to the knowledge of the species diversity of this genus in the Nyong Basin.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Animales , Branquias/parasitología , Camerún , Ríos , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Characiformes/parasitologíaRESUMEN
The endoparasitic fauna of Hoplias malabaricus (which is a species of paramount importance in the fishing and human food sectors) from Três Marias reservoir, São Francisco river, and from eleven marginal lagoons in the upper and middle São Francisco river basin, Brazil, was herein recorded for the first time. In total, 13 endoparasite species belonging to ten different families were found in 147 analyzed H. malabaricus specimens. The identified taxa comprised individuals belonging to phyla Apicomplexa-Calyptosporidae-Caplyptospora sp. (oocysts); Platyhelminthes-Trematoda-Diplostomidae (metacercariae)-Austrodiplostomum sp. and Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum, Clinostomidae (metacercariae)-Clinostomum sp., Gorgoderidae (adults)-Phyllodistomum spatula, and Eucestoda-Proteocephalidae gen. sp. (plerocercoids larvae); and Nematoda-Anisakidae (larvae)-Contracaecum sp. Types 1 and 2 and Hysterothylacium sp., Gnathostomatidae (larvae)-Spiroxys sp., Camallanidae (juveniles/adults)-Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Guyanemidae (juveniles/adults)-Guyanema baudi, and Cystidicolidae (juveniles/adults)-Cystidicoloides fischeri. Proteocephalidae gen. sp. and Contracaecum sp. Type 1 were the species presenting expressive parasitic indexes in the reservoir, in the river, and in nine of the eleven lagoons. Cystidicoloides fischeri was recorded for the first time in H. malabaricus. Guyanema baudi and S. musculosum had their geographic distribution expanded to São Francisco river basin.
Asunto(s)
Ascaridoidea , Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Animales , Humanos , Brasil , Ríos , Characiformes/parasitología , Larva , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Leporinus piau is a freshwater fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, popularly known as "piau" in Brazil. This species has wide distribution in Brazilian northeast basins and presents an economic and sporting fishing importance. The present study aims to inventory the parasitofauna of L. piau of a freshwater ecosystem of Caatinga domain (Brazil). A total of 598 parasite specimens were recovered from nine parasitized hosts, belonging to four taxonomic groups: one Myxozoa (Henneguya sp.); four Monogenea (Dactylogyridae gen. sp., Jainus sp., Urocleidoides sp. 1 and Urocleidoides sp. 2); one Nematoda (Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus) and two Copepoda (Ergasilus sp. and Gamispatulus schizodontis). Previous studies reported five parasitic associations in L. piau: two nematodes (P. (S.) inopinatus and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofrancicencis) and three crustaceans (Argulus sp., Brasergasilus sp. and Ergasilus sp.). For the first time, this study records myxozoan and monogeneans parasitizing the host L. piau. The present study stands out the importance of the knowledge of the parasite biodiversity of freshwater fish in neotropics, reporting new occurrences and parasitic association for ichthyofauna of the Caatinga domain.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Copépodos , Enfermedades de los Peces , Nematodos , Parásitos , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Ecosistema , Ríos , Characiformes/parasitología , Biodiversidad , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
We purpose to describe and characterize the structure of the parasitic community of H. malabaricus in a stream from Caatinga domain, Ceará state, Brazil. A total of 42 specimens of H. malabaricus have been collected between December 2018 and August 2019, in which, 34 specimens were parasitized by at least one parasite. A total of 1,872 parasites were recovered, of which, 157 were Urocleidoides cuiabai (prevalence = 50%), 268 Urocleidodes brasiliensis (prevalence = 71.43%), 98 Dactylogyridae gen. sp. (prevalence = 14.29%), 401 Diplostomidae gen. sp. (prevalence = 4.76%), 183 Spiroxys sp. (prevalence = 42.86%) and 765 Pindapixara tarira (prevalence = 9.52%). The respective parasite species of H. malabaricus showed a pattern of overdispersion (or aggregation) typical of the parasitehost systems, corroborating with previous studies of parasitic communities of freshwater fish in Brazil. A positive and significant correlation between the host size and abundance of U. brasiliensis was verified. The ontogeny of fish can influence the parasitic load, some larger hosts tend to host larger quantities of parasites. The parasitic levels can vary with the host sex due to the differences in the ecological and physiological interactions between male and female. However, the host sex did not show influences in the prevalence and parasitic burden. All parasite taxa in this study have not yet been reported in the Carás stream, Caatinga domain. This finding extends the geographical distribution of this parasite species, furthermore, contributing to the knowledge of the biodiversity of fish parasites in the Neotropical region.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Characiformes/parasitología , Biodiversidad , Agua Dulce , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Monogenean infestations can cause high mortality in farmed fish and therefore significant economic losses. The present study investigated the efficacy of albendazole in therapeutic baths against monogeneans of Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818 and Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988). For both fish, a 24 hours therapeutic bath with albendazole concentrations of 150, 300 and 500 mg/L were tested against monogeneans from the gills. The baths had an efficacy from 61.4 ± 32.9 (95%CI=64.5) against monogeneans of P. brachypomus, and from 95.4 ± 5.6 (95%CI=10.9) against monogeneans of M. macrocephalus. In P. brachypomus, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) in fish exposed to 150 mg/L of albendazole was higher than in fish exposed to 300 mg/L. The splenosomatic index (SSI) values in fish exposed to 150 mg/L of albendazole were lower than in fish exposed to 300 mg/L. In M. macrocephalus, the HSI and SSI values decreased in treatments with 150, 300 and 500 mg/L of albendazole to control and treat infestations by monogeneans. For M. macrocephalus, 150 mg/L of albendazole can be used to control and treat infestations by monogeneans, while for P. brachypomus 500 mg/L of albendazole can be used in a 24 hours bath.