RESUMEN
Cervicitis is a frequent condition caused mainly by sexually trans- mitted agents. The clinical spectrum varies from absence of symptoms to extensive inflammatory processes that may simulate a malignant neoplasm. We present a clinical case of an adolescent with genital ulcers and systemic disease. Speculoscopy revealed a tumoral-looking cervix. Laboratory studies confirm infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and Mycoplasma genitalium, together with a histological study that ruled out neoplasia. It progresses favorably to antimicrobial treatment, with recovery of the appearance of the cervix. Cervicitis rarely presents with necrotic involvement. Co-infection with HSV-2 and M. genitalium infection may have been the determinant of cervical damage and the necrotic appearance. A thorough evaluation and study with highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests allowed an adequate diagnosis and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Coinfección , Infecciones por Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma genitalium , Cervicitis Uterina , Adolescente , Femenino , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Humanos , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/tratamiento farmacológico , Cervicitis Uterina/complicaciones , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Resumen Las cervicitis es una condición frecuente causada principalmente por agentes de transmisión sexual. Su presentación clínica varía desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta procesos inflamatorios extensos, que incluso asemejan un tumor maligno. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente que presentó úlceras genitales, síntomas generales y cérvix necrótico con aspecto tumoral. Los estudios de laboratorio confirmaron una co-infección por virus herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) y Mycoplasma genitalium. El estudio histológico descartó una neo- plasia. Evolucionó favorablemente al tratamiento antimicrobiano, con recuperación progresiva del aspecto del cérvix. La cervicitis en raras ocasiones se presenta con compromiso necrótico. La co-infección por HSV-2 y M. genitalium, en este caso, pudo ser el determinante del daño cervical y la necrosis. Una evaluación acuciosa y estudio con exámenes diagnósticos de alta sensibilidad y especificidad permitieron hacer un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado.
Abstract Cervicitis is a frequent condition caused mainly by sexually trans- mitted agents. The clinical spectrum varies from absence of symptoms to extensive inflammatory processes that may simulate a malignant neoplasm. We present a clinical case of an adolescent with genital ulcers and systemic disease. Speculoscopy revealed a tumoral-looking cervix. Laboratory studies confirm infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and Mycoplasma genitalium, together with a histological study that ruled out neoplasia. It progresses favorably to antimicrobial treatment, with recovery of the appearance of the cervix. Cervicitis rarely presents with necrotic involvement. Co-infection with HSV-2 and M. genitalium infection may have been the determinant of cervical damage and the necrotic appearance. A thorough evaluation and study with highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests allowed an adequate diagnosis and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Cervicitis Uterina/complicaciones , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológico , Mycoplasma genitalium , Coinfección , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 2RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The rat cervicitis model was established with 20% phenol glue to explore the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxiaomi shuan II on rat cervicitis and its mechanism. METHODS: After modeling, the rats were treated with Shuangzuotai suppository (37.84 mg/kg), Kangfuxiaoyan shuan (205.6 mg/kg) and Kangfuxiaomi shuan II (40, 80, 160 mg/kg). The histopathological changes and injury degree of cervix in rats were evaluated by vulvar inflammation score and organ index. The therapeutic effect of Kangfuxiaomi shuan II on cervicitis was evaluated by detecting the levels of copper-protein (CP), C-reactive protein (CRP), Rat interleukin 6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cervical tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the vulvar inflammation score and cervical index of rats in other groups decreased significantly (P<0.01). Kangfuxiaomi shuan II could significantly reduce the levels of CP, CRP, and MDA in serum of rats with cervicitis, and significantly increase the activity of SOD in serum of rats with cervicitis (P<0.01). The levels of EGF and iNOS in cervical tissue of rats also increased in different degrees, while the level of COX-2 decreased significantly (P<0.01), which significantly improved the pathological degree of vulvar inflammation in rats with cervicitis. CONCLUSIONS: Kangfuxiaomi shuan II has a certain therapeutic effect on cervicitis in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of inflammatory cytokine network and immunity.
Asunto(s)
Cervicitis Uterina , Animales , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Femenino , Malondialdehído , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ratas , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud pública, siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en países en vía de desarrollo. Para el screening y diagnóstico de las lesiones del cuello uterino se realiza citología cervical (Papanicolaou). Ante un reporte de citología sospechosa, la colposcopia es un procedimiento imprescindible en la evaluación del tracto genital inferior para detectar lesiones tempranas y cáncer. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar los procedimientos colposcópicos realizados, como método diagnóstico y terapéutico, en las pacientes con resultados anormales del Papanicolaou. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente es un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, cuyo universo lo conformaron todas las pacientes con diagnóstico citológico anormal en Papanicolaou, que se realizaron un procedimiento colposcópico entre el año 2015 hasta el año 2019 en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, con un total de 1 628 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyen 1 628 procedimientos colposcópicos. El 55.46% de la población estuvieron entre los 27 a 46 años de edad. El estado civil predominante fue casada (75%). El 63.45% de las mujeres iniciaron vida sexual entre los 21 a 30 años. El 95.20% de las pacientes tuvieron entre 1 y 3 parejas sexuales. Los resultados de Papanicolaou anormales representan; el 37.28% a LIE-BG, seguido de 35.81% con ASC-US y 14.18% como LIE-AG. El 67.32% de colposcopías fueron satisfactorias. Se realizó biopsia en el 71% de las pacientes, seguido de la toma de muestra de cono con ASA-LEEP (13.69%), legrado endocervical en el 11.05%. Los resultados de anatomía patológica reportaron LIE-AG en 46.56% de los casos, seguido de 22.23 % como LIE-BG y cervicitis crónica en el 16.27%, 12.28% de los resultados fueron negativos. CONCLUSIÓN: Tres cuartas partes de las colposcopias se realizaron en mujeres entre los 27 y 56 años de edad. Los resultados anormales más frecuentemente encontrados en el Papanicolaou fueron: LIE-BG, seguido de ASC-US. 67% de las colposcopias realizadas fueron satisfactorias. Tras la colposcopia, en la mayoría de pacientes se realizó biopsia, en un menor porcentaje y en orden de frecuencia: conización electro quirúrgica con asa (ASA-LEEP), legrado endocervical e histerectomía diagnóstica. Los resultados de anatomía patológica reportaron LIE-AG en el 46.56%, LIE-BG en el 22.23 % como y cervicitis crónica en el 16.27%; 12.28% de estudios fueron negativos.(au)
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a public health issue, being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) is performed for screening and diagnosis of cervical lesions. In case of a suspicious cytology report, colposcopy is an essential procedure for evaluation of the lower genital tract, to detect early lesions and cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the colposcopy procedures performed, as a diagnostic and therapeutic method, in patients with abnormal Papanicolaou results. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study, whose universe were all the patients with abnormal cytological diagnosis in pap smear, who underwent a colposcopy procedure between 2015 and 2019 at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, with a total of 1 628 patients. RESULTS: 1 628 colposcopic procedures were included. 55.46% of the population were between 27 to 46 years of age. The predominant marital status was married status (75%). 63.45% of women had their first sexual experience between 21 and 30 years of age. 95.20% of the patients had between 1 and 3 sexual partners. Abnormal pap smear results represent; 37.28% to LSIL, followed by ASC-US (35.81%), and HSIL (14.18%). 67.32% of colposcopies were classified as satisfactory. Biopsy was performed in 71% of the patients, followed by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) (13.69%), endocervical curettage in 11.05%. The pathology results reported HSIL in 46.56% of the cases, followed by 22.23% as LSIL and chronic cervicitis in 16.27%, 12.28% of the results were negative. CONCLUSION: Three-quarters of all colposcopies were performed on women between 27 and 56 years of age. The most frequently abnormal Pap smear results were: LSIL, followed ASC-US. 67% of the colposcopies were satisfactory. After colposcopy, biopsy was performed in most of the patients, in lower percentage: loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), endocervical curettage and diagnostic hysterectomy. Pathology results reported HSIL in 46.56%, LSIL IN 22.23% and chronic cervicitis in 16.27%; 12.28% of studies were negative.(au)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biopsia , Cervicitis Uterina , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Cuello del Útero , Colposcopía , LegradoRESUMEN
Infections that cause cervicitis are a topic presented in the "Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections", published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of infections that cause cervicitis and recommendations on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of affected people and their sexual partnerships. Also, it discusses strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections for health professionals and health service managers involved in the programmatic and operational management of sexually transmitted infections. Expanding access to diagnostic tests and early treatment are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens that cause cervicitis. Associated factors to cervicitis: sexually active women younger than 25 years old, new or multiple sexual partners, partners with STI, previous history or presence of other STI, and irregular use of condoms.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Cervicitis Uterina , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Condones , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Sexual , Parejas Sexuales , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Infections that cause cervicitis are a topic presented in the "Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections", published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of infections that cause cervicitis, as well as recommendations on screening, diagnosis and treatment of affected people and their sexual partnerships. In addition, it discusses strategies for surveillance, prevention and control of these infections for health professionals and health service managers involved in the programmatic and operational management of sexually transmitted infections. Expanding access to diagnostic tests and early treatment are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens that cause cevicitis.
As infecções que causam cervicite são um dos temas que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos das infecções que causam cervicite, bem como recomendações sobre a triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas acometidas e suas parcerias sexuais. Além disso, discutem-se estratégias para as ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle desses agravos para os profissionais de saúde e gestores envolvidos no manejo programático e operacional das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A ampliação do acesso aos testes para diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce são cruciais para o controle da disseminação dos patógenos causadores de cervicite.
Las infecciones que causan cervicitis son uno de los temas que integran el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con expertos. Este artículo presenta aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de las infecciones que causan cervicitis, así como recomendaciones sobre el cribado, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las personas afectadas y sus parejas sexuales. Además, se discuten estrategias de vigilancia, prevención y control de estas enfermedades para los profesionales y gestores de salud involucrados en el manejo programático y operativo de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Ampliar el acceso a las pruebas de diagnóstico y a un tratamiento precoz es crucial para controlar la propagación de los agentes patógenos que causan cervicitis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Cervicitis Uterina , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/terapia , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/terapiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the possibility of using the methylation level of PAX1/ZNF582 gene as molecular marker to differentiate the progression of cervical cancer. METHODS: From January 2016 to March 2018, 150 patients, who were admitted to Cervical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Xuzhu Maternity and Child Care Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into chronic cervicitis (for 19 cases), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (18 cases), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (37 cases) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (31 cases). All patients underwent several tests including Thin-prep cytology test (TCT), HPV DNA detection and detection of methylation level of PAX1/ZNF582 genes. RESULTS: For diagnosis of HSIL, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.878 (95% CI 0.806 ~ 0.950); the threshold for PAX1 was 12.285, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.9% and 72.8%, respectively. The AUC of ZNF582 gene detection was 0.900 (95% CI 0.842 ~ 0.959), the threshold was 11.56, while the sensitivity and specificity were 97.3% and 76.7%, respectively. Among various tests we conducted, PAX gene detection methods showed the highest specificity (97.30%). PAX1/ZNF582 gene detection method demonstrated the highest accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with high-grade cervical lesion and cervical cancer, the methylation level of PAX1/ZNF582 gene could be applied as a noteworthy biomarker for diagnosis and for cervical cancer classification.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/genética , Factores de Transcripción Paired Box/genética , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Área Bajo la Curva , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Enfermedad Crónica , Metilación de ADN , ADN Viral/análisis , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Cervicitis Uterina , Adulto Joven , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: The rat cervicitis model was established with 20% phenol glue to explore the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxiaomi shuan II on rat cervicitis and its mechanism. Methods: After modeling, the rats were treated with Shuangzuotai suppository (37.84 mg/kg), Kangfuxiaoyan shuan (205.6 mg/kg) and Kangfuxiaomi shuan II (40, 80, 160 mg/kg). The histopathological changes and injury degree of cervix in rats were evaluated by vulvar inflammation score and organ index. The therapeutic effect of Kangfuxiaomi shuan II on cervicitis was evaluated by detecting the levels of copper-protein (CP), C-reactive protein (CRP), Rat interleukin 6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cervical tissue. Results: Compared with the model group, the vulvar inflammation score and cervical index of rats in other groups decreased significantly (P<0.01). Kangfuxiaomi shuan II could significantly reduce the levels of CP, CRP, and MDA in serum of rats with cervicitis, and significantly increase the activity of SOD in serum of rats with cervicitis (P<0.01). The levels of EGF and iNOS in cervical tissue of rats also increased in different degrees, while the level of COX-2 decreased significantly (P<0.01), which significantly improved the pathological degree of vulvar inflammation in rats with cervicitis. Conclusions: Kangfuxiaomi shuan II has a certain therapeutic effect on cervicitis in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of inflammatory cytokine network and immunity.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológico , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , MalondialdehídoRESUMEN
Abstract Infections that cause cervicitis are a topic presented in the "Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections", published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of infections that cause cervicitis and recommendations on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of affected people and their sexual partnerships. Also, it discusses strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections for health professionals and health service managers involved in the programmatic and operational management of sexually transmitted infections. Expanding access to diagnostic tests and early treatment are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens that cause cervicitis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiología , Conducta Sexual , Brasil/epidemiología , Parejas Sexuales , CondonesRESUMEN
As infecções que causam cervicite são um dos temas que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos das infecções que causam cervicite, bem como recomendações sobre a triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas acometidas e suas parcerias sexuais. Além disso, discutem-se estratégias para as ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle desses agravos para os profissionais de saúde e gestores envolvidos no manejo programático e operacional das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A ampliação do acesso aos testes para diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce são cruciais para o controle da disseminação dos patógenos causadores de cervicite.
Infections that cause cervicitis are a topic presented in the "Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections", published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of infections that cause cervicitis, as well as recommendations on screening, diagnosis and treatment of affected people and their sexual partnerships. In addition, it discusses strategies for surveillance, prevention and control of these infections for health professionals and health service managers involved in the programmatic and operational management of sexually transmitted infections. Expanding access to diagnostic tests and early treatment are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens that cause cevicitis.
Las infecciones que causan cervicitis son uno de los temas que integran el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con expertos. Este artículo presenta aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de las infecciones que causan cervicitis, así como recomendaciones sobre el cribado, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las personas afectadas y sus parejas sexuales. Además, se discuten estrategias de vigilancia, prevención y control de estas enfermedades para los profesionales y gestores de salud involucrados en el manejo programático y operativo de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Ampliar el acceso a las pruebas de diagnóstico y a un tratamiento precoz es crucial para controlar la propagación de los agentes patógenos que causan cervicitis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/terapia , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/terapia , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiología , Conducta Sexual , Brasil/epidemiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/clasificación , Protocolos ClínicosRESUMEN
Resumo As infecções que causam cervicite são um dos temas que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos das infecções que causam cervicite, bem como recomendações sobre a triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas acometidas e suas parcerias sexuais. Além disso, discutem-se estratégias para as ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle desses agravos para os profissionais de saúde e gestores envolvidos no manejo programático e operacional das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A ampliação do acesso aos testes para diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce são cruciais para o controle da disseminação dos patógenos causadores de cervicite.
Abstract Infections that cause cervicitis are a topic presented in the "Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections", published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of infections that cause cervicitis, as well as recommendations on screening, diagnosis and treatment of affected people and their sexual partnerships. In addition, it discusses strategies for surveillance, prevention and control of these infections for health professionals and health service managers involved in the programmatic and operational management of sexually transmitted infections. Expanding access to diagnostic tests and early treatment are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens that cause cevicitis.
Resumen Las infecciones que causan cervicitis son uno de los temas que integran el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con expertos. Este artículo presenta aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de las infecciones que causan cervicitis, así como recomendaciones sobre el cribado, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las personas afectadas y sus parejas sexuales. Además, se discuten estrategias de vigilancia, prevención y control de estas enfermedades para los profesionales y gestores de salud involucrados en el manejo programático y operativo de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Ampliar el acceso a las pruebas de diagnóstico y a un tratamiento precoz es crucial para controlar la propagación de los agentes patógenos que causan cervicitis.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Cervicitis Uterina , Conducta Sexual , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/terapia , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/terapia , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Extra-enteric infections by Blastocystis spp. have rarely been documented. Here, we report a case of extra-enteric blastocystosis in a patient with minimal cervicitis symptoms. A 47-year-old Hispanic female patient was attended in a primary health centre in Michoacan state, Mexico, for her routine gynaecological medical examination. As only symptom, she referred to a slight vaginal itching. The presence of several vacuolar-stages of Blastocystis spp. were identified by Papanicolaou staining; molecular identification was attempted by culture-PCR sequencing of a region of 18S gene from cervical and faecal samples obtained 2 months after cytological examination, even when patient declared that she tried self-medicating with vaginal ovules. Blastocystis ST1 was identified only in the faecal sample. The presence of Blastocystis spp. in the cervix of a patient with scarce symptomatology, demonstrates the extraordinary flexibility of this microorganism to adapt to new environments and niches.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Blastocystis/parasitología , Blastocystis/aislamiento & purificación , Cuello del Útero/parasitología , Cervicitis Uterina/parasitología , Blastocystis/genética , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Genes Protozoarios , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prueba de Papanicolaou , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 18SRESUMEN
Not all human papillomavirus (HPV) infections develop into cervical cancer (CC), so it is proposed that other factors may influence this, such as co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). To identify the prevalence of co-infection, we included 189 women with suspicion of HPV. Viral typing was performed by carrying out the Roche HP Linear Array test, while CT detection was performed with the COBAS® TaqMan® 48 kit from Roche. Of the 189 women only 184 had an infection with HPV, CT or both: 56.6% were positive for one or several HPV genotypes, and 67.7% for CT. Clinical data showed an association between HPV and CIN I (n = 22; RR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.72-3.43, p < 0.05). CT infection was only associated with cervicitis (n = 40; RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.34-2.23, p < 0.05). The CT-HPV co-infection rate was 28%. Co-infection revealed an association with CIN I (n = 31, RR= 3.33; 95% CI 2.08-5.34 p < 0.05), CIN III (n = 7; RR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.53-4.31, p < 0.05); and a significant risk of 2.3 (95% CI 1.08-4.90) times higher to develop CC; nevertheless, this risk was not statistically significant. CT/HPV co-infection was associated with the development of a high-grade lesion (CIN III) as well as an important risk for developing CC.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Coinfección/epidemiología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Vagina , Adulto , Cuello del Útero/patología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiología , Vagina/microbiología , Vagina/virología , Frotis Vaginal , Adulto Joven , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Despite increasing application of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of sexually transmitted infections, the cytological findings in pap smears of patients with pathogens that can be identified only by PCR are not yet well described. The aim of this study was to describe the most common cytological features in cervical pap smears of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum detected by multiplex PCR. METHODS: Cervical samples for conventional and liquid-based cytology and for multiplex PCR were collected from women ranging from 23 to 54 years old, who underwent routine screening at a gynecological Unit. RESULTS: Multiplex PCR was positive in 36.2% of the samples: Ureaplasma parvum 14.9%, Chlamydia trachomatis 10.6%, Trichomonas vaginalis 10.6%, Mycoplasma hominis 8.5%, Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.2%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.1%, and Mycoplasma genitalium (0). Multiple pathogens were observed in 12.8% of samples. Microscopic cervicitis (≥10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/epithelial cell) and normal (predominantly lactobacillary) microbiota were the most frequent findings in the samples in which the pathogens were detected alone or in multiple infections, except for samples with Trichomonas vaginalis in which the coccobacillary microbiota was the most common. In samples with microscopic cervicitis and normal microbiota, those with at least one pathogen identified by multiplex PCR were significantly more frequent than those with no pathogen, 66.6% versus 33.3%. CONCLUSION: Failure to identify an inflammatory agent in pap smear with intense neutrophil exudate may suggest the presence of Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. A remark on the intensity of inflammation should be made in the reports of cervical pap smears so that this cytological finding can be correlated with clinical and PCR results.
Asunto(s)
Cuello del Útero/citología , Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/genética , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/patología , Ureaplasma urealyticum/genética , Adulto , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/microbiología , Mycoplasma hominis/genética , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Trichomonas vaginalis/genética , Ureaplasma/genética , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiología , Cervicitis Uterina/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Resumen Durante los últimos 5-10 años se ha considerado a Mycoplasma genitalium como un agente emergente de infecciones de transmisión sexual. Su papel en el embarazo ha sido poco estudiado. La prevalencia en la Argentina es desconocida. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de M. genitalium en muestras endocervicales de mujeres embarazadas que concurrieron a un control ginecológico. La metodología utilizada para la detección fue una PCR de punto final que amplifica una secuencia específica del gen mgpB. Se estudiaron 270 mujeres embarazadas entre 15 y 42 años. La prevalencia global de M. genitalium fue de 5,2% (14/270). De las sintomáticas el 10% eran positivas (9/90) y de las pacientes asintomáticas 2,8% eran positivas (5/180). El 1,5% (4/270) presentó coinfección con Chlamydia trachomatis. Todas cursaban un embarazo de más de 12 semanas. Este es el primer trabajo de prevalencia de M. genitalium realizado en mujeres embarazadas en la Argentina. Se necesitan más estudios de asociación entre este microorganismo y las complicaciones en el embarazo para avanzar hacia la prevención y el control de esta infección.
Abstract Mycoplasma genitalium has been considered an emerging agent of sexually transmitted infections for the past 5-10 years. Its association with agent of non-gonococcal urethritis in men is well recognized. In women it has been linked to cervicitis, endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Its role in pregnancy has been poorly studied. In Argentina, the prevalence is unknown. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of M. genitalium in endocervical samples of pregnant women who attended a gynecological control. An end-point PCR was used to amplify a specific sequence of the mgpB gene. A group of 270 pregnant women between 15 and 42 years were studied. The overall prevalence of M. genitalium was 5.2% (14/270). Among the symptomatic patients, 10% were positive (9/90), whereas among the asymptomatic patients, 2.8% were positive (5/180). Only 1.5% (4/270) presented co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. This is the first prevalence study on M. genitalium performed on pregnant women in Argentina. More studies are needed to understand the relationship between this microorganism and complications during pregnancy, in order to prevent and control this infection in women.
Resumo O Mycoplasma genitalium tem sido considerado um agente de infecções sexualmente transmissível emergente nos últimos 5 a 10 anos. Seu papel na gravidez tem sido pouco estudado. Na Argentina, a prevalência é desconhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de M. genitalium em amostras endocervicais de gestantes que realizaram controle ginecológico. Uma PCR de ponto final foi utilizada como metodologia para a detecção, que amplifica uma sequência específica do gene mgpB. Um grupo de 270 gestantes entre 15 e 42 anos foi estudado. A prevalência geral de M. genitalium foi de 5,2% (14/270). Entre as pacientes sintomáticas, 10% foram positivas (9/90), ao passo que entre as assintomáticas, 2,8% foram positivas (5/180). Apenas 1,5% (4/270) apresentou coinfecção por Chlamydia trachomatis. Todas as mulheres estudadas estavam grávidas fazia mais de 12 semanas. Este é o primeiro estudo de prevalência sobre M. genitalium realizado em mulheres grávidas na Argentina. Mais estudos de associação entre esse microorganismo e as complicações na gravidez são necessários, a fim de avançar na prevenção e no controle desta infecção.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adolescente , Adulto , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiología , Mycoplasma genitalium , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
A cross-sectional survey of 295 persons attending a major sexually transmitted infection clinic in Jamaica's capital city showed that the Ministry of Health's syndromic algorithm has moderate sensitivity and negative predictive value for diagnosing cervicitis. In the absence of diagnostic tests for sexually transmitted infections, a syndromic algorithm continues to be useful for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/microbiología , Cervicitis Uterina/diagnóstico , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiología , Adulto , Algoritmos , Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Gonorrea/diagnóstico , Gonorrea/microbiología , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Síndrome , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a medicinal plant extract used topically as a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant agent. Its cytoprotective effect mainly depends on its pleiotropic properties by modulating inflammatory mediators such as IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α. This study aims to test the possible therapeutic effect of ABS in the treatment of erosive and inflammatory conditions occurring in the uterine cervix. METHODS: Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats were used in the present study. Trichloracetic acid was applied intravaginally to establish an experimental rat model of cervicitis. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I (injury), group II (injury+isotoinc saline), and group III (injury+ABS). After 3 estrous cycles of ABS and isotonic saline treatment, the amount of inflammation, vascular congestion and erosion were evaluated in the cervical tissues by using a modified semi-quantitative scale of 0-3. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against IL-1ß was also performed. RESULTS: Compared with group I and II, the ABS group showed the least inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular congestion and cervical erosion, compared with the ABS group prominent IL-1ß staining observed in group I and group II. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that ABS is a highly effective alternative to induce normal cervical epithelium and can be used safely in the treatment of cervical inflammation with or without cervical erosion.
Asunto(s)
Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Interleucina-6/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Cervicitis Uterina/patologíaRESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a medicinal plant extract used topically as a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant agent. Its cytoprotective effect mainly depends on its pleiotropic properties by modulating inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. This study aims to test the possible therapeutic effect of ABS in the treatment of erosive and inflammatory conditions occurring in the uterine cervix. METHODS: Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats were used in the present study. Trichloracetic acid was applied intravaginally to establish an experimental rat model of cervicitis. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I (injury), group II (injury+isotoinc saline), and group III (injury+ABS). After 3 estrous cycles of ABS and isotonic saline treatment, the amount of inflammation, vascular congestion and erosion were evaluated in the cervical tissues by using a modified semi-quantitative scale of 0-3. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against IL-1β was also performed. RESULTS: Compared with group I and II, the ABS group showed the least inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular congestion and cervical erosion, compared with the ABS group prominent IL-1β staining observed in group I and group II. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that ABS is a highly effective alternative to induce normal cervical epithelium and can be used safely in the treatment of cervical inflammation with or without cervical erosion.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) é um extrato de plantas medicinais utilizado topicamente como um agente hemostático, anti-inflamatório e antioxidante. O seu efeito citoproteico depende principalmente das suas propriedades pleiotrópicas por meio da modulação de mediadores inflamatórios tais como IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-a. O objetivo deste estudo é testar o possível efeito terapêutico do ABS no tratamento de condições erosivas e inflamatórias que ocorrem no colo uterino. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratas Wistar Albino foram utilizadas no presente estudo. O ácido tricloroacético foi aplicado intravaginalmente para estabelecer um modelo experimental de cervicite em ratos. Os ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo I (lesão), grupo II (lesão + fisiológico sérico) e grupo III (lesão + ABS). Após três ciclos estrais de ABS e tratamento fisiológico sérico, as quantidades de inflamação, congestionamento vascular e erosão foram avaliadas nos tecidos cervicais usando uma escala semiquantitativa modificada de 0-3. Coloração imuno-histoquímica com anticorpos monoclonais contra IL-1β também foi realizada. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com os grupos I e II, o grupo ABS mostrou menos infiltração de células inflamatórias, congestionamento vascular e erosão cervical. Além disso, em comparação com o grupo ABS, observou-se uma coloração proeminente de IL-1β no grupo I e no grupo II. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem que o ABS é uma alternativa altamente eficaz para induzir o epitélio cervical normal e pode ser utilizado com segurança no tratamento da inflamação cervical com ou sem erosão cervical.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunohistoquímica , Cervicitis Uterina/patología , Interleucina-6/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Ratas Wistar , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main etiological agents of sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In 2006, a Swedish variant of C. trachomatis (Swedish-nvCT), which has a deletion of 377bp in the plasmid, was reported. In Latin America, Swedish-nvCT infections have not been reported. We investigated the presence of Swedish-nvCT in women with infertility in Mexico. METHODS: Swedish-nvCT was searched in 69C. trachomatis positive samples from 2339 endocervical specimens. We designed PCR primers to identify the deletion in the plasmid in the ORF1, and the presence of a repeated 44bp in the ORF3. The sample with the deletion was genotyped with the genes of the major outer membrane protein A (ompA) and the polymorphic membrane protein (pmpH). RESULTS: The deletion was detected in one of the 69 samples positive C. trachomatis of 2339 endocervical exudates. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the ompA shows a high degree of similarity with the Swedish nvCT (98%), however the variant found belongs to serovar D. The nucleotide sequence of the pmpH gene associates to the variant found in the genitourinary pathotype of the Swedish-nvCT but in different clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed the presence of a new variant of C. trachomatis in Mexican patients. This variant found in Mexico belongs to serovar D based on the in silico analysis of the ompA and pmpH genes and differs to the Swedish-nvCT (serovars E). For these variants of C. trachomatis that have been found it is necessary to carry out a more detailed analysis, although the role of this mutation has not been demonstrated in the pathogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/clasificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Simulación por Computador , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Infertilidad Femenina/epidemiología , Infertilidad Femenina/microbiología , Integrasas/genética , México/epidemiología , Filogenia , Plásmidos/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Alineación de Secuencia , Eliminación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Serogrupo , Cervicitis Uterina/epidemiología , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Introdução: O câncer cervical é atribuído ao papilomavírus humano (HPV) cuja infecção, na maioria das vezes, sofre regressão espontânea. A menor porção de casos que evoluem para lesão precursora de baixo e alto graus e invasora pode ter relação com uma falha na atividade das células de Langerhans em eliminar o vírus. Objetivo: Determinar se há redução do número de células de Langerhans em colos uterinos acometidos por neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais (NIC), graus I e III, comparado ao grupo controle (cervicites crônicas), por imuno-histoquímica, possibilitando correlacionar a ação do sistema imune com o desenvolvimento dessas lesões. Método: Foram analisados 40 casos de cervicite crônica, NIC I e III, com diagnóstico anatomopatológico entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015, buscando-se comparar a quantidade de núcleos marcados positivamente como célula de Langerhans pela proteína S-100 por imuno-histoquímica, quantificando-os em áreas padronizadas. Resultados: Dos 40 casos avaliados, 17 foram cervicite crônica, 13 NIC I e 10 NIC III. Na análise comparativa do número de células em cada grupo a média, desvio-padrão e mediana foram maiores no grupo cervicite crônica e menores no grupo NIC III. O valor de p encontrado para a variação do número de células de Langerhans, entre os grupos, foi significativo (p=0,0442); mas, ao comparar os grupos de NIC com o controle, só o grupo NIC III teve variação significativa (p=0,0209). Conclusão:Há diminuição significativa do número de núcleos de células de Langerhans marcados em lesões do tipo NIC III em comparação a cervicites crônicas.
Introduction: Cervical cancer is attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV), whose infection mostly undergoes spontaneous regression. The smaller part of cases that evolve to low and high-grade lesions or invasive lesions may be related to failure of Langerhans cell activity to eliminate the virus. Objective: To determine if there is reduction of Langerhans' cells in cervix uterus affected by cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) grades I and III compared to control group (chronic cervicitis) by immunohistochemistry, granting the correlation of the immune system action with the development of these lesions. Method: It were analyzed 40 cases of chronic cervicitis, CIN I and III with anatomopathological diagnosis between January 2014 and December 2015, attempting to compare the amount of positively labeled Langerhans cells nuclei by S-100 protein by immunohistochemistry, quantifying them in standard areas. Results: Of the 40 evaluated cases, 17 were chronic cervicitis, 13 CIN I and 10 CIN III. The comparative analysis of the number of cells in each group showed that the mean, standard deviation and median number of Langerhans cells per area were higher in the chronic cervicitis group and lower in the CIN III group. The p value found in the variation of the Langerhans cells number among the groups was significant (p=0.0442). However, when comparing the CIN groups directly with the control group, only the CIN III group had a significant variation (p=0.0209). Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in the number of marked Langerhans cell nuclei in CIN III type lesions compared to chronic cervicitis.
Introducción: El cáncer cervical puede atribuirse al virus del papiloma humano (VPH) cuya infección a menudo sufre regresión espontánea. El menor número de casos que evolucionan a lesiones precursoras de bajo y alto grado o invasivas puede estar relacionado con una falla en la actividad de las células de Langerhans para eliminar el virus. Objetivo: Determinar si hay reducción del número de células de Langerhans en colos uterinos acometidos por neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales (NIC) grados I y III comparado al grupo control (cervicitis crónicas), por medio de inmunohistoquímica, posibilitando correlacionar la acción del sistema inmune con estas lesiones. Método: Se analizaron 40 casos de cervicitis crónica, NIC I y III, con diagnóstico anatomopatológico entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015, comparando la cantidad de núcleos marcados positivamente como célula de Langerhans por la proteína S-100 por inmuno-histoquímica, cuantificándolos. Resultados: De 40 casos, 17 fueron cervicitis crónica, 13 NIC I y 10 NIC III. En el análisis comparativo del número de células en cada grupo la media, desviación estándar y mediana fueron mayores en el grupo cervicite crónica y menores en el NIC III. El valor de p encontrado para la variación del número de células de Langerhans entre los grupos fue significativo (p=0,0442), pero al comparar los grupos de NIC con el control sólo el grupo NIC III tuvo variación significativa (p=0,0209). Conclusión: Hay disminución significativa del número de núcleos marcados de células de Langerhans en lesiones de tipo CIN III en comparación con cervicitis crónica.