RESUMEN
The effect of radiation pollution on genetic variation in natural populations of Melandrium album was investigated at the head part of the East-Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT) and background areas. The highest genetic differentiation estimated using F ST was revealed between compared pairs of the background and impact samples in populations of M. album. The highest rate of polymorphism was observed at the closest to nuclear accident, Impact-1 site. The unique alleles (Mdh-3104, Pgi-2106, Lap 105, Mdh-296, and Dia 94) were discovered at the EURT. Individuals from chronically low-level irradiated sites were genetically closer than to plants from background sites using Nadhdh locus. The increase of the frequency of unique homozygous and heterozygous genotypes was identified in populations of M. album growing under chronic radiation exposure conditions. The largest contribution to the group of unique heterozygous genotypes at the EURT was made by three loci - Lap, Pgi-2, and Nadhdh; the main role in interpopulation differentiation of samples was made by the alleles Sod-2115, Skdh 100, and Nadhdh 100. Our results provide evidence for the correlation between the increase of genetic variation other than the «genetic erosion¼ and chronic radiation exposure factor in natural plant populations.
Asunto(s)
Caryophyllaceae/efectos de la radiación , Variación Genética , Radiación Ionizante , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Selección Genética , Alelos , Caryophyllaceae/genética , Contaminación Ambiental , Genética de Población , Isoenzimas/genética , Plantas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Dosis de RadiaciónRESUMEN
The effects of light quality on flowering time were investigated in Gypsophila paniculata, which is a long-day cut flower, and with Arabidopsis under long-day conditions with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Gypsophila paniculata plants were grown under natural daylight and flowering was controlled by long-day treatment with a weak LED light of a single color in the night. Flowering was promoted not by blue light, but by far-red light in G. paniculata, while flowering was promoted by both light colors in Arabidopsis. FT homologs of G. paniculata GpFT1 and GpFT2 were differentially expressed under long-day conditions with white light, suggesting that they play roles in flowering at different stages of reproductive development. GpFTs and FT gene expression was not induced by far-red light in G. paniculata or Arabidopsis. Instead, the expression of the SOC1 homolog of G. paniculata GpSOC1 and SOC1 was induced by far-red light in G. paniculata and Arabidopsis. Flowering was promoted by induction of FT and SOC1 expression with blue light in Arabidopsis, whereas GpFTs and GpSOC1 expression was low with blue light induction in G. paniculata. The relationship between flowering and the expression of FT and SOC1 in Arabidopsis was confirmed with ft and soc1 mutants. These results suggest that long-day conditions with far-red light promote flowering through SOC1 and its homologs, while the conditions with blue light do not promote flowering in G. paniculata, because of low expression of GpFTs and GpSOC1 in contrast to that in Arabidopsis.