RESUMEN

Dental caries (DC) is one of the most common oral diseases and is mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The use of antibiotics against S. mutans usually has side effects, including developing resistance. N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC), a natural product, has great potential utility in antibacterial agents owing to its low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the antimicrobial activity of N-2-HACC against S. mutans through the permeability of the cell wall, integrity of cell membrane, protein and nucleic acid synthesis, respiratory metabolism, and biofilm formation. Our results confirmed that the MIC of N-2-HACC against S. mutans was 0.625 mg/mL with a 90.01 ± 1.54% inhibition rate. SEM observed the formation of cavities on the surface of S. mutans after 12 h N-2-HACC treatment. The level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was higher in the N-2-HACC treatment group than in the control group, indicating that N-2-HACC can improve the permeability of the cell wall. Also, N-2-HACC treatment can destroy the cell membrane of S. mutans by increasing conductivity and absorbance at 260 nm, decreasing cell metabolic activity, and enhancing the fluorescence at 488 nm. Respiratory metabolism revealed that the activities of the Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were decreased after N-2-HACC treatment, revealing that N-2-HACC can inhibit glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) of S. mutans. Moreover, N-2-HACC can also decrease the contents of the nucleic acid and solution protein of S. mutans, interfere with biofilm formation, and decrease the mRNA expression level of biofilm formation-related genes. Therefore, these results verify that N-2-HACC has strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans, acting via cell membrane integrity damage, increasing the permeability of cell walls, interfering with bacterial protein and nucleic acid synthesis, perturbing glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and inhibiting biofilm formation. It is suggested that N-2-HACC may represent a new potential synthetically modified antibacterial material against S. mutans.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Quitosano , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Pared Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/farmacología , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/química , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/síntesis química

RESUMEN

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance within bacterial communities poses formidable challenges to existing therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating biofilm-mediated infections. Recent advancements in this domain have spurred the development of targeted antimicrobial agents, designed to selectively eradicate the primary etiological agents while preserving the beneficial microbial diversity of the oral cavity. Targeting glucosyltransferases (GTFs), which play crucial roles in dental biofilm formation, offers a precise strategy to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide synthesis without compromising oral microbiota. This review article delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying dental caries, with a specific focus on the role of GTFs, enzymes produced by S. mutans. It further provides an overview of current research on GTF inhibitors, exploring their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential applications in clinical practice. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in the development of novel GTF inhibitors, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to combat biofilm-mediated oral diseases effectively.

Asunto(s)

Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Glucosiltransferasas , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Humanos , Glucosiltransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/enzimología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Animales

RESUMEN

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide, mediated by a multispecies biofilm that consists of high levels of acidogenic bacteria which ferment sugar to acid and cause teeth demineralization. Current treatment practice remains insufficient in addressing 1) rapid clearance of therapeutic agents from the oral environment 2) destroying bacteria that contribute to the healthy oral microbiome. In addition, increasing concerns over antibiotic resistance calls for innovative alternatives. In this study, we developed a pH responsive nano-carrier for delivery of polycationic silver nanoparticles. Branched-PEI capped silver nanoparticles (BPEI-AgNPs) were encapsulated in a tannic acid - Fe (III) complex-modified poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particle (Fe(III)-TA/PLGA@BPEI-AgNPs) to enhance binding to the plaque biofilm and demonstrate "intelligence" by releasing BPEI-AgNPs under acidic conditions that promote dental caries The constructed Fe(III)-TA/PLGA@BPEI-AgNPs (intelligent particles - IPs) exhibited significant binding to an axenic S. mutans biofilm grown on hydroxyapatite. Ag+ ions were released faster from the IPs at pH 4.0 (cariogenic pH) compared to pH 7.4. The antibiofilm results indicated that IPs can significantly reduce S. mutans biofilm volume and viability under acidic conditions. Cytotoxicity on differentiated Caco-2 cells and human gingival fibroblasts indicated that IPs were not cytotoxic. These findings demonstrate great potential of IPs in the treatment of dental caries.

Asunto(s)

Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Nanopartículas del Metal , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Plata , Streptococcus mutans , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Plata/química , Plata/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/administración & dosificación , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Taninos/química , Taninos/farmacología , Células CACO-2 , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Polietileneimina/química

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two photosensitizers, methylene blue and indocyanine green, on the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive to caries-affected dentin. METHODS: The occlusal enamel of 60 third molars was cut to expose the inner one-third of the dentin. Artificial caries were induced through a pH cycling process. The samples were divided into three groups: M (Methylene blue+ diode laser), I (Indocyanine green agents+ diode laser irradiation), and control. Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to the adhesive protocol (self-etch, total-etch). After restoring with Gradia composite resin, teeth were sectioned and exposed to 5000 thermal cycles. Microtensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The data were subjected to two- and one-way ANOVA and paired comparisons were performed by the Tamhane and Tukey tests. RESULTS: The study found significant effects of the photosensitizer, etching pattern, and their interactions on the microtensile bond strength of composite resin to caries-affected dentin (P < 0.001). In the self-etching mode, PDT with indocyanine green exhibited significantly higher bond strength values compared to PDT with methylene blue (P = 0.001) and the control groups (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the total-etch mode. (P = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The etching mode played a more significant role in the bond strength when using the universal adhesive alongside PDT with methylene blue and indocyanine green. Employing two photosensitizers in PDT during the self-etch mode significantly increased the bond strength values.

Asunto(s)

Dentina , Verde de Indocianina , Azul de Metileno , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Resistencia a la Tracción , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Verde de Indocianina/farmacología , Azul de Metileno/farmacología , Humanos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Caries Dental/terapia , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Láseres de Semiconductores/uso terapéutico , Resinas Compuestas/química , Cementos Dentales/farmacología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: to investigate whether baseline mineral distribution modulates the ability of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) to remineralize and stain enamel caries lesions. METHODS: This laboratory study followed a 3 [treatment: SDF/fluoride varnish (FV)/deionized water (DIW)] ×3 [lesion protocol: methylcellulose (MeC)/hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)/Carbopol 907 (C907)] factorial design. Lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens (n = 20). Treatments were applied and lesions remineralized in artificial saliva. Digital transverse microradiography (TMR-D) was used to analyze lesions. Lesion color was monitored spectrophotometrically. The effects of lesion protocol and treatment on changes in lesion depth (ΔLD), mineral loss (ΔΔZ), maximum mineral density at the surface zone (ΔSZmax), and color changes related to remineralization (ΔL*remin) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The treatment×lesion protocol interaction was significant for ΔΔZ (p < 0.01) and ΔL*remin (p < 0.01), however not for ΔLD (p = 0.23) or ΔSZmax (p = 0.91). There were no differences in ΔΔZ between treatments in HEC and C907 lesions. However, DIW resulted in more remineralization than both SDF (p < 0.01) and FV (p = 0.01) in MeC lesions. Considering changes from lesion baseline after remineralization in MeC lesions, SDF treatment resulted in the highest mineral gain in the surface zone. However, DIW revealed the highest mineral gain after remineralization in the lesion body. SDF stained lesions with the intensity increasing after remineralization in C907 lesions, whereas staining decreased in MeC and HEC lesions. CONCLUSION: High fluoride treatments can interfere with continuous remineralization of caries lesions due to partial arrest. Baseline lesion mineral distribution affects SDF's ability to enhance remineralization and the staining caused by SDF. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: SDF is being used to arrest active caries lesions extending into dentin and to treat dentin hypersensitivity. This study shed light on SDF's effect on an isolated process in dental caries only, remineralization. It achieved this by examining enamel caries lesions with differing mineral distributions and assessing their staining properties.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos , Caries Dental , Esmalte Dental , Fluoruros Tópicos , Microrradiografía , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario , Compuestos de Plata , Remineralización Dental , Animales , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Bovinos , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Plata/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Plata/farmacología , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Esmalte Dental/patología , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/farmacología , Metilcelulosa/uso terapéutico , Resinas Acrílicas/uso terapéutico , Saliva Artificial , Minerales/análisis , Minerales/uso terapéutico , Polivinilos/uso terapéutico , Espectrofotometría , Agua , Decoloración de Dientes/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayo de Materiales , Celulosa/análogos & derivados

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a major contributor to dental caries, with its ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and biofilms. The gcrR gene is a regulator of EPS synthesis and biofilm formation. The objectives of this study were to investigate a novel strategy of combining gcrR gene over-expression with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and to determine their in vivo efficacy in reducing caries in rats for the first time. METHODS: Two types of S. mutans were tested: Parent S. mutans; and gcrR gene over-expressed S. mutans (gcrR OE S. mutans). Bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured with DMAHDM and chlorhexidine (CHX). Biofilm biomass, polysaccharide, lactic acid production, live/dead staining, colony-forming units (CFUs), and metabolic activity (MTT) were evaluated. A Sprague-Dawley rat model was used with parent S. mutans and gcrR OE S. mutans colonization to determine caries-inhibition in vivo. RESULTS: Drug-susceptibility of gcrR OE S. mutans to DMAHDM or CHX was 2-fold higher than that of parent S. mutans. DMAHDM reduced biofilm CFU by 3-4 logs. Importantly, the combined gcrR OE S. mutans+ DMAHDM dual strategy reduced biofilm CFU by 5 logs. In the rat model, the parent S. mutans group had a higher cariogenicity in dentinal (Dm) and extensive dentinal (Dx) regions. The DMAHDM + gcrR OE group reduced the Dm and Dx caries to only 20 % and 0 %, those of parent S. mutans + PBS control group (p < 0.05). The total caries severity of gcrR OE + DMAHDM group was decreased to 51 % that of parent S. mutans control (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The strategy of combining S. mutans gcrR over-expression with antibacterial monomer reducing biofilm acids by 97 %, and reduced in vivo total caries in rats by 48 %. The gcrR over-expression + DMAHDM strategy is promising for a wide range of dental applications to inhibit caries and protect tooth structures.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Metacrilatos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Streptococcus mutans , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Metacrilatos/farmacología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/genética

RESUMEN

The oral cavity is an excellent place for various microorganisms to grow. Spectrococcus mutans and Spectrococcus sanguinis are Gram-negative bacteria found in the oral cavity as pioneer biofilm formers on the tooth surface that cause caries. Caries treatment has been done with antibiotics and therapeutics, but the resistance level of S. mutans and S. sanguinis bacteria necessitates the exploration of new drug compounds. Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) is known to contain secondary metabolites that have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-inflammatory and antifungal activities. The purpose of this review article is to present data on the potential of Nigella sativa Linn seeds as anti-biofilm. This article will discuss biofilm-forming bacteria, the resistance mechanism of antibiotics, the bioactivity of N. sativa extracts and seed isolates together with the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) review of N. sativa compound isolates. We collected data from reliable references that will illustrate the potential of N. sativa seeds as anti-biofilm drug.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Nigella sativa , Fitoquímicos , Semillas , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Nigella sativa/química , Semillas/química , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Relación Estructura-Actividad

RESUMEN

Dental caries is a widespread bacterial infectious disease that imposes a significant public health burden globally. The primary culprits in caries development are cariogenic bacteria, notably Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), due to their robust biofilm-forming capabilities. To address this issue, a series of cationic pyridinium-substituted photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission have been designed. All of these aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) exhibit outstanding microbial visualization and photodynamic killing of S. mutans, thanks to their luminous fluorescence and efficient singlet oxygen generation ability. Notably, one of the membrane-anchored AIEgens (TDTPY) can inactivate planktic S. mutans and its biofilm without causing significant cytotoxicity. Importantly, application of TDTPY-mediated photodynamic treatment on in vivo rodent models has yielded commendable imaging results and effectively slowed down caries progression with assured biosafety. Unlike traditional single-mode anticaries materials, AIEgens integrate the dual functions of detecting and removing S. mutans and are expected to build a new caries management diagnosis and treatment platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report on the use of AIEgens for anticaries studies both in vitro and in vivo.

Asunto(s)

Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Oxígeno Singlete/metabolismo , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química

RESUMEN

This study utilized phytochemical screening to conduct the qualitative analysis of plant extracts, aiming to identify various classes of secondary metabolites. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of different types of Oregano vulgare and Salvia triloba extracts was determined. To achieve the aim of this study, aqueous, ethanolic, and enzymatic extracts were prepared and screened for phytochemical capacity and antioxidant activities. The determination of the antibacterial activity included phenotypic screening of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of oral and food pathogenic bacterial strains, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration-via microdilution broth test and in vitro valuation of antibacterial efficacies-of the anti-biofilm properties of the studied herbal extractions. Results: Our study evaluated the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm properties of O. vulgare and S. triloba extracts. The analyzed samples contained bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids, contributing to the observed strong antioxidant effect. Furthermore, they exhibited notable activity against oral biofilm formation and demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against dental caries' microorganisms as well as food pathogens. Despite methodological variations, all extracts showed significant antioxidant capacity and promising antibacterial activity against various pathogens, including resistant strains, while also inhibiting biofilm formation. Although limited to two plant species and facing methodological constraints, this study lays the groundwork for future research, indicating the therapeutic potential of O. vulgare and S. triloba extracts. Further exploration is needed to report on underlying mechanisms and validate efficacy through clinical trials.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Origanum , Extractos Vegetales , Salvia , Origanum/química , Salvia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effect protocols and anticaries agents containing casein amorphous calcium fluoride phosphopeptide-phosphate (CPP-ACPF, MI Paste Plus), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) and fluoride (F), in remineralization of caries lesions. Bovine enamel blocks with initial caries lesions were divided into groups (n = 12): 1) Toothpaste without F-TMP-MI Plus (Placebo); 2) Toothpaste 1100 ppm F (1100F), 3) 1100F + MI Paste Plus (1100F-MI Paste Plus), 4) Toothpaste with 1100F + Neutral gel with 4,500 ppm F + 5%TMP (1100F + Gel TMP) and 5) Toothpaste with 1100F + Neutral gel with 9,000 ppm F (1100F + Gel F). For the 4 and 5 groups the gel was applied only once for 1 minute, initially to the study. For the 3 group, after treatment with 1100F, MI Paste Plus was applied 2x/day for 3 minute. After pH cycling, the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR); integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN); profile and depth of the subsuperficial lesion (PLM); concentrations of F, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in enamel was determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (1-criterion) and Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F alone led to ~ 28% higher remineralization when compared to treatment with 1100F associated with MI Paste Plus (p < 0.001). The 1100F and 1100F + Gel F groups showed similar values for %SHR (p = 0.150). 1100F + Gel TMP treatment also remineralized the enamel surface by ~ 30% and 20% when compared to the 1100F + Gel F and 1100F groups (p < 0.001). The lower lesion depth (ΔKHN) was observed for the 1100F + Gel TMP group (p < 0.001), where it was 54% and 44% lower in comparison to the 1100F and 1100F + Gel F groups (p < 0.001). Polarized light microscopy photomicrographs showed subsurface lesions in all groups, but these lesions were present to a lower extent in the 1100F + Gel TMP group (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F + Gel TMP promoted an increase in the concentration of Ca in the enamel by ~ 57% and ~ 26% when compared to the 1100F and 1100F + MI Paste Plus groups (p < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant differences between the 1100F, 1100F + MI Paste Plus and 1100F + Gel F groups (p > 0.001). Similar values of P in the enamel were observed in the 1100F, 1100F + MI Paste Plus and 1100F + Gel F groups (p > 0.001), except for the 1100F + Gel TMP group, which presented a high concentration (p < 0.001). We conclude that the 1100F+TMP gel treatment/protocol led to a significant increased remineralization when compared to the other treatments/protocols and may be a promising strategy for patients with early caries lesions.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos , Caseínas , Esmalte Dental , Fluoruros , Remineralización Dental , Caseínas/farmacología , Caseínas/uso terapéutico , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Bovinos , Animales , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Fluoruros/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Pastas de Dientes/química , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Análisis de Varianza , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Polifosfatos/farmacología , Polifosfatos/química , Polifosfatos/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Dureza , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Materiales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Valores de Referencia , Dureza/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model. METHODS: A microcosm biofilm model was used to generate a caries lesion on human dentin. Pooled human saliva diluted with glycerol was used as an inoculum on specimens immersed on McBain artificial saliva enriched with 1 % sucrose (24 h at 37 °C in 5 % CO2). After refreshing culture media for 7 days, the dentin specimens were divided in 5 groups (3 specimens per group, in triplicate; n = 9): C (NaCl 0.9 %), CX (2 % chlorhexidine), PKI (0.01 % methylene blue photosensitizer+50 mM KI), L (laser at 15 J, 180 s, 22.7 J/cm2), and PKIL (methylene blue + KI + Laser). After the treatments, dentin was collected, and a 10-fold serial dilution was performed. The number of total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans was analyzed by microbial counts (CFU/mL). After normality and homoscedasticity analysis, the Welch's ANOVA and Dunnett's tests were used for CFU. All tests used a 5 % significance level. RESULTS: CX and PKIL groups showed significant bacterial decontamination of dentin, compared to group C (p < 0.05) reaching reductions up to 3.8 log10 for CX for all microorganisms' groups and PKIL showed 0.93, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.22 log10 for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans, respectively. CONCLUSION: aPDT mediated by the association of KI and methylene blue with red laser reduced the viability of microorganisms from carious dentin and could be a promising option for cavity decontamination.

Asunto(s)

Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Dentina , Azul de Metileno , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Yoduro de Potasio , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Azul de Metileno/farmacología , Azul de Metileno/uso terapéutico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Caries Dental/terapia , Dentina/microbiología , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Yoduro de Potasio/farmacología , Yoduro de Potasio/uso terapéutico , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Saliva/microbiología , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Clorhexidina/uso terapéutico , Técnicas In Vitro , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Saliva Artificial , Rayos Láser

RESUMEN

AIMS: To assess the impact of various cavity disinfectants PC-PDT (Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy), PC@AgNPs-PDT (Phycocyanin and silver nanoparticles activated by PDT), and Nd: YAG laser on the survival rate of S.mutans and the bond integrity of composite restoration METHODS: Sixty human mandibular molars that scored 4 and 5 based on ICDAS criteria were included. The infected dentin was removed while the CAD was preserved based on visual, tactile, and staining assessment. S.mutans were cultured on the CAD of twenty samples. All the specimens were indiscriminately distributed into four groups based on cavity disinfection (n=20 each includes n = 5 each group incubated with S.mutans) Group 1: CHX, Group 2: Nd:YAG laser, Group 3: PC-PDT and Group 4: PC@AgNPs-PDT. S.mutans survival rate was assessed for each group(n = 5). Forty samples underwent composite bonding for SBS and failure mode assessment using universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope. The calculations for the mean and standard deviation (SD) and their comparison among different groups were performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05) RESULTS: CAD surface treated disinfected with PC@AgNPs-PDT yielded the lowest survival rates (0.13 ± 0.05 CFU/ml) and highest SBS (17.23 ± 1.45 MPa). Group 1 (CHX) unveiled the highest survival rate of S.mutans (0.33 ± 0.12 CFU/ml). However, Group 2 (Nd:YAG Laser) (11.87 ± 0.67 MPa) presented the lowest SBS CONCLUSION: The combination of Phycocyanin loaded with silver nanoparticles and activated with Photodynamic therapy demonstrates the highest antimicrobial potential and bond strength of composite restorations.

Asunto(s)

Caries Dental , Dentina , Láseres de Estado Sólido , Nanopartículas del Metal , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Ficocianina , Plata , Streptococcus mutans , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Plata/farmacología , Plata/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Ficocianina/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Láseres de Estado Sólido/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/microbiología , Desinfección/métodos , Resistencia al Corte , Diente Molar

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To show the effect of the phosphate group on the remineralization process of early enamel caries mediated by amelogenin peptide. METHODS: Freshly extracted, completed, and crack-free bovine teeth were used to create artificial early enamel caries, which were randomly divided into four groups: Group A: fluorination remineralized solution treatment group; Group B: pure remineralized solution treatment group. Group C: 100 g/ml recombinant Amelogenin peptide remineralized solution treatment group (with single phosphate group on N-terminus); Group D: 100 g/ml non-phosphorylated recombinant Amelogenin peptide remineralized solution treatment group (without single phosphate group on N-terminus). For 12 days, fresh remineralized solutions were replaced daily. Transverse microradiography (TMR) was used after remineralization to determine mineral loss and demineralization depth before and after each sample's remineralization. Each sample's depth of remineralization and mineral acquisition were then determined. RESULTS: The recombinant amelogenin peptide group significantly outperformed the non-phosphorylated amelogenin peptide group in terms of mineral acquisition and mineralization depth (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant Amelogenin's solitary phosphate group at the N-terminus helps recombinant Amelogenin to encourage the remineralization process of early enamel caries.

Asunto(s)

Amelogenina , Caries Dental , Esmalte Dental , Fosfatos , Remineralización Dental , Animales , Amelogenina/metabolismo , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Bovinos , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Esmalte Dental/metabolismo , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/química , Microrradiografía

RESUMEN

Caries is a destructive condition caused by bacterial infection that affects the hard tissues of the teeth, significantly reducing the quality of life for individuals. Photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a noninvasive and painless treatment for caries, but the use of unsafe laser irradiance limits its application. To address this challenge, we prepared nanoparticles of silver ion-doped Prussian blue (AgPB), which was encased within cationic guar gum (CG) to form the antibacterial PTT hydrogel CG-AgPB with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 34.4%. When exposed to an 808 nm laser at a power density of 0.4 W/cm2, the hydrogel readily reached a temperature of over 50 °C in just 3 min, synchronized by the discharge of Ag+ ions from the interstitial sites of AgPB crystals, resulting in broad-spectrum and synergistic antibacterial activities (>99%) against individual oral pathogens (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus) and pathogen-induced biofilms. In vivo, CG-AgPB-mediated PTT demonstrated a capability to profoundly reduce the terminal number of cariogenic bacteria to below 1% in a rat model of caries. Given the outstanding biocompatibility, injectability, and flushability, this CG-AgPB hydrogel may hold promise as a next-generation oral hygiene adjunct for caries management in a clinical setting.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Caries Dental , Ferrocianuros , Hidrogeles , Plata , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Caries Dental/terapia , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Caries Dental/microbiología , Animales , Ratas , Ferrocianuros/química , Ferrocianuros/farmacología , Terapia Fototérmica , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Humanos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

Knowledge gaps exist regarding optimal silver diammine fluoride (SDF) regimens and the efficacy of new products for arresting dental caries in young children. We evaluated the effectiveness of 38%-SDF (SDI-RivaStar), Tiefenfluorid (TF) comparing with Placebo (P), all in conjunction with behavioural modification (BM), in preventing major complications (endodontic/extractions/pain)-a patient-centred outcome-due to early childhood caries over 12 months in children under 71-months. A six-arm, patient/parent-blinded, superiority, placebo-controlled randomised control trial at the university clinic in Riga, Latvia, from 1/9/20-31/8/22 (Protocol registration ISRCTN17005348). The trial tested six protocols, using three compounds (P/SDF/TF) under two regimes: annual and biannual (P1/P2/TF1/TF2/SDF1/SDF2) for major complications. Secondary outcomes included minor complications and parental satisfaction. All groups received BM. 373/427 randomised children (87.3%) completed the study. SDF2 had a significantly lower rate and risk of major (21.5%, OR = 0.28, 95%CI [0.11, 0.72], p < 0.05) and minor complications (OR = 0.16 (95%CI [0.05, 0.50], p = 0.002). Overall satisfaction was 96% (p > 0.05). SDF biannual application with BM effectively prevented major complications of early childhood caries and was well accepted by children and their parents. Trial registration number: ISRCTN17005348, principal investigator: Ilze Maldupa, registration date: 30/06/2021.Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN17005348, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17005348 , registration date: 30/06/2021.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos , Caries Dental , Preescolar , Humanos , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Tratamiento con Fluoruro , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Padres , Satisfacción del Paciente , Satisfacción Personal , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Plata/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Lactante

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Assessed the effect of dental products containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) + fluoride on the remineralization of white spot lesions (WSL) in vivo or in situ. METHODS: Seven databases were explored using a two-pronged approach (intervention/treatment). After screening, full-text assessment, and further exclusion, the qualitative synthesis of five studies (four clinical and one in situ) was performed. Based on the Cochrane collaboration guidelines relevant data of the studies were collected and summarized. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) was used to appraise the studies' methodological quality and the GRADE guidelines to assess their level of evidence. The RoB 2.0 domains were rated on their risk of bias (RoB) as low, high, or with some concerns, and an adaptation of the tool was used to the in situ study. RESULTS: The included studies assessed 151 WSL in anterior permanent teeth, on patients with varying ages. The protocol application, treatment length (7d-12 w), and control groups varied greatly between the studies making the performance of a quantitative analysis unfeasible. The general RoB of the clinical studies was classified as being of low risk (n = 2) or some concerns (n = 2). The in situ study was considered as being of low risk. The level of the evidence was moderate. Most of the studies found moderate evidence regarding the superiority of this association in clinical settings. CONCLUSION: Even with the nano-HA + fluoride promising results for the remineralization treatment of WSL, due to the restricted number of studies and types of products, its extended use cannot be recommended based on the current systematic review, especially when considering the moderate level of the evidence found. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Due to the biocompatibility and higher surface coverage of nano-HA and the remineralization capacity of fluoride formulations, the association of these elements to remineralize WSL has been positively reported. After the collection and qualitative appraise of the data, the clinical evidence of the use of these dental products is promising but limited.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos , Caries Dental , Esmalte Dental , Durapatita , Fluoruros , Remineralización Dental , Humanos , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Durapatita/uso terapéutico , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

This randomized, controlled clinical trial compares the clinical performance of glass-fibre and resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) intracanal posts used to restore carious primary incisors in young patients. The study sample includes 180 primary upper central incisors of 90 children aged 3 to 4 years. All patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of 45 children who received PLA and glass-fibre (GFP) intracanal posts. The clinical assessment of incisor restorations was carried out immediately upon completion and at months 3, 6 and 12 according to the following criteria: anatomical form, marginal adaptation, surface roughness, marginal pigmentation, colour match, secondary caries and contact point. The Gingival Index (GI), the Bleeding Index (Cowell modification; mBI), and bite force (BF) were measured. At the 3-month follow-up, the occlusal BF of patients who received PLA posts was higher than the baseline; the GI and mBI scores were lower, by contrast (p < 0.05). This tendency was even more pronounced 6 and 12 months after the restoration. The incidence of side effects or symptoms (apical inflammation, cervical fracture, loosening of the crown) after the PLA posts was significantly lower than after the GFP (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were present between the two groups with respect to colour matching, anatomical form, marginal adaptation, marginal pigmentation, surface roughness, occlusal contact and secondary caries. Based on the results, applying PLA intracanal posts and cyanoacrylate to residual anterior crowns in young children can improve their gingival health, reduce side effects, and increase the likelihood of successful restoration.

Asunto(s)

Caries Dental , Técnica de Perno Muñón , Niño , Humanos , Preescolar , Resinas Compuestas/uso terapéutico , Incisivo , Coronas , Poliésteres , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Fracaso de la Restauración Dental , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: While silver diamine fluoride has been used extensively for caries arrest and desensitising, silver fluoride (AgF) at neutral pH may also have value as a minimally invasive dental caries treatment. This study explored the effectiveness of two AgF products (AgF/KI and AgF/SnF2) when used in adult patients with special needs (SN) who had high caries risk and salivary gland hypofunction. METHODS: This split-mouth clinical study, over two appointments 3-months apart, compared the impact of a single application of AgF/KI (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/SnF2 (Creighton Dental CSDS, Whiteley) on matched carious lesions in the same arch, by clinical visual-tactile (cVT) assessment of caries status and laser fluorescence (LF, DIAGNOdent) evaluation of bacterial load in the lesions, using repeated measures analysis. RESULTS: Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Both AgF products gave a significant decrease in caries activity as measured by cVT (P < 0.0001) and LF (P = 0.0027). There were no statistically significant differences between the two AgF treatments, with response rates for improvements in active lesions of 92% in the AgF/KI arm, and 96% in the AgF/SnF2 arm. There was no effect of tooth type, lesion type, arch type, plaque metabolism and plaque area at the site level on outcomes, nor was there a clustering effect of sites in a patient level analysis. Overall, LF was superior to cVT for detecting lesions that still progressed despite treatment (P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: A single application of AgF/KI or AgF/SnF2 has high predictability (over 90%) for achieving arrest in active caries lesions in adult patients with SN and high caries risk. Clinical assessment should use visual-tactile examination combined with LF readings to detect lesions that are still progressing and that require additional treatments. Future studies should compare these AgF modalities with SDF and explore factors such as time between applications and the need for repeated applications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001139864p) on 23/08/2021.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos , Caries Dental , Fluoruros , Compuestos de Plata , Humanos , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Australia , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario , Rayos Láser

RESUMEN

AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess the stain removal ability and color stability of three distinct dentifrices on artificially stained enamel surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 75 intact, healthy premolars free of dental caries that were extracted during orthodontic therapy. The samples were allowed to dry for 6 hours after being submerged in the prepared tea solution for roughly 18 hours every day. Then this procedure was repeated for seven successive days. All samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 25 samples in each group. Group I: control dentifrice, group II: dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide, group III: dentifrice containing papain and bromelain. A specially designed toothbrushing simulator was used to brush every sample in the relevant group. Using a spectrophotometer and a measurement program, color measurement was evaluated after staining process after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of teeth cleaning. Using a profilometer, the surface roughness values (Ra) were assessed. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of brushing of stained samples, the color stability was better in dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide (1.14 ± 0.11) followed by dentifrice containing papain and bromelain (1.22 ± 0.08) and control group (1.30 ± 0.09). And after 8 weeks of brushing of stained samples, the surface roughness was more in dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide (0.237 ± 0.02) followed by dentifrice containing papain and bromelain (0.229 ± 0.13) and control group (0.207 ± 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that the dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide showed a superior whitening effect on the stained enamel surface than dentifrice containing papain and bromelain and control dentifrice. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The development of various dentifrice products has been greatly aided by the increased demand for an improved esthetic appearance. Teeth's natural color and any external stains that could accumulate on the tooth surface combine to determine a tooth's color. Additionally, the use of whitening dental pastes to remove external stains has grown in favor. With the development of these whitening toothpastes, dentifrices' ability to lessen or eliminate extrinsic dental stains has increased. How to cite this article: Mishra D, Kamath DG, Alagla M, et al. Evaluation of Stain Removal Efficacy and Color Stability of Three Different Dentifrices on Artificially Stained Enamel Surface-An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):68-71.

Asunto(s)

Caries Dental , Dentífricos , Blanqueamiento de Dientes , Decoloración de Dientes , Humanos , Dentífricos/uso terapéutico , Bromelaínas/uso terapéutico , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/uso terapéutico , Colorantes , Decoloración de Dientes/tratamiento farmacológico , Papaína/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Cepillado Dental , Esmalte Dental

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year clinical performance of a bulk-fill composite resin and a nano-hybrid-filled composite resin in 6-12-year-old children in a split-mouth design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, split-mouth, and double-blind study was conducted on 89 patients aged 6-12 years with caries on bilateral mandibular first molars. In a split-mouth design, restorations of mandibular permanent molars were completed with nano-hybrid organically modified ceramic (ORMOCER)-based bulk-fill composite resin Admira Fusion x-tra (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and nano-hybrid composite Grandio (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). Futurabond U single dose (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used with selective enamel etching. The clinical success of the restorations was evaluated using USPHS and FDI criteria at 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up controls. RESULTS: In the 2-year follow-up, all restorations were clinically acceptable. Grandio was significantly worse than Admira Fusion x-tra in terms of surface luster and superficial change (p < 0.05). Surface staining and color match scores increased in Admira Fusion x-tra compared with Grandio significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although both materials showed acceptable clinical performance over 2 years, a significant difference was observed between the surface luster, surface staining, marginal adaptation, and staining of the nano-hybrid composite placed with the incremental technique and the bulk-fill ORMOCER-based composite resin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: As an alternative to nano-hybrid composite resins, using bulk-fill restorative materials, which can be indicated in the proper case, may contribute to shortening treatment procedures and increasing patient and physician comfort, leading to clinical success.

Asunto(s)

Caries Dental , Restauración Dental Permanente , Metacrilatos , Siloxanos , Niño , Humanos , Cerámicas Modificadas Orgánicamente , Método Doble Ciego , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Resinas Compuestas/uso terapéutico , Materiales Dentales , Boca , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico