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BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy, a cornerstone treatment for childhood cancers, can negatively impact oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and evolution of oral complications in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study enrolled 44 children diagnosed with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care institute in central India. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, with follow-ups at 3-6 and 9-12 months. Data collected included demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral lesions. Blood counts and World Health Organization grading for mucositis were used. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests analyzed the data (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent malignancy. Children reported various oral complaints such as ulcers, bleeding gums, and difficulty eating. Mucositis prevalence significantly decreased over follow-up visits (baseline: 56.8% and second follow-up: 13.3%). Gingival inflammation was present, though mean scores decreased over time. Oral hygiene scores varied without significant changes. Caries experience scores increased from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study identified a high prevalence of ALL and diverse oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. While mucositis severity lessened over time, other issues such as caries persisted. These findings highlight the critical need for preventive oral care strategies to safeguard this vulnerable population's oral health.
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Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , India/epidemiología , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/inducido químicamente , Prevalencia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicaciones , Higiene Bucal , Estomatitis/epidemiología , Estomatitis/inducido químicamente , Adolescente , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The oral health of refugees and asylum seekers is understudied. However, oral health has important implications for overall health and wellbeing. This study addresses this gap by characterizing oral health care utilization in Médecins du Monde (MdM) clinics across mainland Greece from 2016 - 2017. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to estimate proportional morbidities for caries, extraction, developmental, periodontal disease, preventive, and other oral health outcomes. The association between physical health conditions and consultations of interest - upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and reproductive health consultations - and oral health were compared using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Oral health outcomes between Afghans and Syrians were compared using odds ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Caries (39.44%) and extractions (28.99%) were highly prevalent in our study population. The utilization of preventive dental consultations (37.10%) was high, particularly among males. Individuals with at least one upper respiratory tract infection (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.30 - 1.77; Or = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.36) and women and girls with reproductive health consultations (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.66; OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.49 - 2.76) were more likely to have any dental or caries specific consultations. The observed patterns in oral health needs differed between Afghans and Syrians, with Afghans more likely to have preventive screenings and less likely to have caries, extractions, or other conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Displaced populations utilizing MdM dental clinics had high levels of oral health needs, particularly for caries and extractions. The connection between oral and overall health was seen in the study population, and these findings reinforce the public health importance of oral health for improving health and wellbeing of displaced populations. Evidence-informed policy, practice, and programming inclusive of oral health are needed to address both oral and overall health of refugees and asylum seekers in Greece. Future research should investigate not only oral health care needs but also knowledge and beliefs that inform utilization patterns among displaced populations.
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Salud Bucal , Refugiados , Humanos , Refugiados/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Grecia/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Adulto Joven , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Preescolar , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a major, multifactorial oral condition that causes the demineralization of tooth enamel and impacts approximately half of the world's child population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries among school-going children aged 7 to 13 years in Kabul city. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students aged 7 to 13 years in Kabul during the first half of 2019. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, in which educational zones, schools, and classes were selected. The data were collected using pre-structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews and oral examinations of students using dental probes and mouth mirrors while adhering to infection control protocols. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0, and a p-value < 0.005 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The average age of the study participants was 9.9 ± 1.8 years. Boys made up approximately 45% of the participants, while 54.8% were girls. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 78.8%, with 62.1% in deciduous teeth and 42.8% in permanent teeth. Among students who did not brush their teeth, the prevalence of dental caries was 84.8%, compared to 81.7% for those who brushed once daily, 78.7% for those brushing twice daily, and 67.4% for those brushing three times daily (p = 0.022). About 10% of students had dental calculus, with a prevalence of 17.0% among those aged eleven and older, 10.0% among students aged nine to ten years, and 5.9% among students aged eight and younger (p = 0.006). Poor oral hygiene affected nearly one-third of the students, with 34.2% among boys and 30.9% among girls. Poor oral hygiene was more prevalent in students aged eight and younger (38.8%) compared to those aged eleven and older (25.9%) (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental caries among students aged 7 to 13 years in Kabul schools was similar to that in most developing countries. The prevalence of dental calculus was greater among students aged eleven years and older. Over 99% of the students surveyed had not undergone any dental treatment.
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Caries Dental , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Femenino , Prevalencia , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Caries Dental/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Determining risk indicators behind dental caries is important for identifying children in need of enhanced dental care. The aim of this register-based study was to investigate the association of family-related risk indicators and dental attendance in the development of dental caries in preschool children. METHODS: The data for this study were collected from the medical records of 206 randomly chosen preschool children who lived in the city of Oulu, Finland, during 2014-2020. Data on challenges in family life, missing appointments and utilization of oral health care were collected. Sum functions were formed of risk indicators. Analyses were carried out for three age groups (1- to 2-, 3- to 4- and 5- to 6-year-olds) born between 2014 and 2018. RESULTS: There was a significant association between the number of family-related risk indicators and the prevalence of manifested caries lesions in the age group of 5- to 6-year-olds. All family-related risk indicators and information about health care utilization were associated with dental caries risk. Challenges in a child's family life were present among 20.3% of the 5- to 6-year-olds. In all age groups, the most common challenges in family life were parental exhaustion and problems in the parents' relationship or divorce. CONCLUSION: Family-related risk indicators and dental attendance should be considered when determining caries risk. The caries risk indicators investigated here are associated with each other.
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Caries Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Preescolar , Finlandia/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Niño , Lactante , Prevalencia , Atención Dental para Niños/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Poverty is a well-known risk factor for poor health. This scoping review (ScR) mapped research linking early childhood caries (ECC) and poverty using the targets and indicators of the Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in December 2023 using search terms derived from SDG1. Studies were included if they addressed clinically assessed or reported ECC, used indicators of monetary or multidimensional poverty or both, and were published in English with no date restriction. We excluded books and studies where data of children under 6 years of age could not be extracted. We charted the publication year, study location (categorized into income levels and continents), children age, sample size, study design, measures of ECC, types and levels of poverty indicators and adjusted analysis. The publications were also classified based on how the relation between poverty and ECC was conceptualized. RESULTS: In total, 193 publications were included with 3.4 million children. The studies were published from 1989 to 2023. Europe and North America produced the highest number of publications, predominantly from the UK and the US, respectively. Age-wise, 3-5-year-olds were the most studied (62.2%). Primary studies (83.9%) were the majority, primarily of cross-sectional design (69.8%). Non-primary studies (16.1%) included reviews and systematic reviews. ECC was mainly measured using the dmf indices (79.3%), while poverty indicators varied, with the most common used indicator being income (46.1%). Most studies measured poverty at family (48.7%) and individual (30.1%) levels. The greatest percentage of publications addressed poverty as an exposure or confounder (53.4%), with some studies using poverty to describe groups (11.9%) or report policies or programs addressing ECC in disadvantaged communities (11.4%). In addition, 24.1% of studies requiring adjusted analysis lacked it. Only 13% of publications aligned with SDG1 indicators and targets. CONCLUSION: The ScR highlight the need for studies to use indicators that provide a comprehensive understanding of poverty and thoroughly examine the social, political, and economic determinants and impact of ECC. More studies in low and middle-income countries and country-level studies may help design interventions that are setting- and economic context-relevant.
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Caries Dental , Pobreza , Desarrollo Sostenible , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Niño , ObjetivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) and caries activity among children aged 3-5 years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and blocking ECC and improving malnutrition. METHODS: Children aged 3-5 years from six kindergartens in Zhao Xian, China were enrolled in this study. The decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) of all children were examined and recorded. The Cariostat method was used to detect dental caries activity, collect anthropometric data and measure haemoglobin concentration. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the general characteristics and oral health behaviour of the participants. The "Growth Standards for Chinese Children Under 7 Years Old" was used to assess the nutritional status of all participating children. Wilcoxon rank sum test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyse and evaluate the relationship between ECC, caries activity and malnutrition. RESULTS: A total of 635 children who met the criteria were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression showed that the risk of ECC was significantly increased in underweight children compared with normal children (OR = 5.43, P < 0. 05); compared with normal children, the risk of ECC decreased in overweight and obese children (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001); underweight children had higher caries severity than normal weight children, and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 2.69, P < 0. 05); stunted children had higher caries severity than normal weight children and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 2.28, P < 0.05); underweight was positively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 2.33, P < 0. 05); stunting was positively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 2.1, P < 0.05); overweight and obesity were negatively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 0.61, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of ECC among children aged 3-5 years was positively associated with undernutrition and negatively associated with overnutrition. The severity of ECC among children aged 3-5 years was positively associated with undernutrition. The caries activity among children aged 3-5 years was positively associated with undernutrition and negatively associated with overnutrition.
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Índice CPO , Caries Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Preescolar , Masculino , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Delgadez/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Estado Nutricional , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , AntropometríaRESUMEN
The present cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate various caries risk factors in children from low socio-economic groups and to assess if children with broad contacts between one or more primary molars (type I and S) should be categorized as at high caries risk. Clinical examinations were performed on 107, 3- to 10-year-old children from low socio-economic settings. Contact types along with other caries risk factors (insurance, diet, plaque, and fluoride use, and diet habits) were analyzed for effect on presence of caries lesions (prevalence) and caries experience (decayed, missing, filled teeth). 78% of the study population had dental caries lesions, with an average dmft of 5.6. Of the 277 evaluated contacts, 88% were categorized as broad contacts. Multivariate analyses failed to validate that broad contacts were a predictor of dental caries lesions. However, the analysis showed an association of insurance status, plaque index with dmft. In conclusion, the present study could not implicate broad contacts as a factor that increased caries risk in the studied population; however, it validates the importance of insurance status, plaque index, as well as diet frequency as predictors of dental caries lesions.
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Caries Dental , Pobreza , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Niño , Proyectos Piloto , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , Preescolar , Masculino , Femenino , Índice CPO , Índice de Placa Dental , Conducta Alimentaria , Diente Primario , Prevalencia , Dieta , Diente Molar , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Cobertura del SeguroRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition in children is epidemic in developing countries. Several health issues and consequences are believed to develop due to this phenomenon. Children's oral health is also affected by malnutrition. The main aspects of oral health status are caries experience, the existence of cariogenic bacteria, and salivary immunoglobulin A.
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Caries Dental , Salud Bucal , Saliva , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Niño , Saliva/inmunología , Masculino , Femenino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Streptococcusmutans and lactobacilli are most important bacteria in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Cariogenic microflora has been associated to the primary caregiver transmission and sugary diets.
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Caries Dental , Placa Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Irak/epidemiología , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Placa Dental/microbiología , Preescolar , Lactobacillus , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Dental associations worldwide recommend that the first dental visit should take place before 12 months of age; however, preschoolers' utilization of dental services remains low. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with, dental services utilization among children aged 1 to 3 years. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Diamantina, MG, Brazil, and involved a sample of 308 child-mother pairs. Mothers completed a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic and economic aspects of the family and characteristics pertaining to their child's oral health. The clinical assessment of the children included dental caries, trauma, malocclusion, and mucosal changes. Analysis of the data comprised statistical description, application of the chi-square test, and Poisson's regression analysis. Among the children studied, 39.6% had attended at least one dental visit in their lifetime. Children whose families had a greater number of members relying on the family's income (PR = 1.40, 95%CI:1.04 -1.89, p = 0.028) and those with moderate/extensive dental caries (Codes 3-6 of the ICDAS; PR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.08 -1.93, p = 0.014) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental services utilization. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental services utilization among children aged 1 to 3 years was low, and was associated with a greater number of family members relying on the family's income, and with the occurrence of moderate/extensive dental caries.
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Caries Dental , Factores Socioeconómicos , Humanos , Preescolar , Femenino , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Lactante , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Atención Dental para Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución de Poisson , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Headache is an illness with high prevalence and adverse effects on quality of life. As oral or dental problems such as pain can trigger or aggravate it, we aimed to investigate and compare oral and dental health status in patients affected with chronic headaches and healthy individuals. METHODS: The present case-control study included 60 patients with chronic headaches (case) and 60 healthy individuals (control) in Rasht, Iran. The demographic characteristics and clinical examinations, including decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMF-T) and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) indices, as well as bruxism, frequency of tooth brushing and flossing, and maxillary and mandibular tooth wear were recorded in a checklist. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS version 28 at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The case group consisted of 25 men (41.7%) and 35 women (58.3%) with an average age of 32.55 ± 6.62 years, while the control group had 27 men (45%) and 33 women (55%) with an average age of 30.95 ± 6.33 years. The study groups were not significantly different in bruxism, frequency of tooth brushing and flossing, DMFT, CPTIN, and maxillary and mandibular tooth wear. CONCLUSION: It seems that chronic headaches do not significantly affect the oral and dental health of the sufferers. Moreover, it appears that these patients are well aware of the role of oral and dental hygiene in triggering or aggravating the episodes of headaches.
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Bruxismo , Índice CPO , Trastornos de Cefalalgia , Estado de Salud , Salud Bucal , Cepillado Dental , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Adulto , Bruxismo/complicaciones , Desgaste de los Dientes/complicaciones , Índice Periodontal , Irán/epidemiología , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Literature shows that pregnant women are more susceptible to dental caries due to several reasons, including changes in salivary flow, reduced pH in the oral cavity, and sugary dietary cravings. The unmet need for care is of special concern, as the failure to obtain treatment can affect the health status of the mother and her unborn child. OBJECTIVES: To determine dental caries status and treatment needs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Dar-es-Salaam region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 461 pregnant women aged 14-47 years. Informed consent was obtained from participants during data collection. Dental caries status and treatment need were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria. The Data collected was cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software for generating frequency distribution tables, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis. The Confidence Interval was 95% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 69%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.86 (± 3.39). Untreated dental decay was observed in 60.5% of study participants, which needed more restorative treatment (fillings & RCT) than a tooth extraction. Caries experiences differed significantly among the pregnant women in various gravidity. In logistic regression, dental caries experience was significantly higher among multigravida respondents (p-values = 0.04) (OR: 1.840, CI 1.021-3.319). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a high level of dental caries experience and the presence of treatment needs. Multiple pregnancies were a major factor that contributed to high levels of dental caries.
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Caries Dental , Atención Prenatal , Humanos , Femenino , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/terapia , Embarazo , Tanzanía/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice CPO , Prevalencia , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the etiologies of non-surgical root canal treatment (NS-RCT) in a Thai population and examine their association with risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was performed to examine the etiologies of NS-RCT and risk factors among Thai-nationality patients treated at a tertiary care dental hospital in Thailand from 2019-2023. Treatment records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed to identify NS-RCT etiologies, and associated contributing factors were analyzed. Statistical analysis used univariate logistic regression followed by multivariate logistic regression, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The data from 1500 teeth were analyzed, comprising 59.1% females and 40.9% males, with ages ranging from 7-91 years (mean = 48.56 years). The most prevalent age group was 61-70 years-old. Among the treated teeth, the mandibular first molar was the most frequently involved (13.9%), followed by the maxillary first molar (9.9%) and mandibular second premolar (9.7%). The primary etiologies of NS-RCT were dental caries (53.7%), old and large restorations (7.9%), and attrition (5.9%). Analysis of etiology of NS-RCT due to caries revealed that the most commonly affected sites were the occlusal (32.6%), distal (31.6%), and mesial (17.2%) surfaces. In immature teeth requiring NS-RCT, the predominant etiologies were dens evaginatus (32.1%), dental caries (28.6%), and traumatic injury (21.4%). The association between the etiology of NS-RCT and investigated associated factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The etiologies of NS-RCT in the selected Thai population were mainly attributed to dental caries, with additional factors being old and large restorations and attrition. Notably, due to the aging society, the elderly population experiences a higher demand for NS-RCT, particularly due to attrition, non-carious cervical lesions, and erosion. In contrast, in immature teeth, the most common etiologies leading to NS-RCT comprise dens evaginatus, dental caries, and traumatic injuries. The distinct etiological patterns observed in different age groups emphasize the importance of specific oral health prevention programs to address individual needs.
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Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular , Humanos , Femenino , Tailandia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Adulto , Adolescente , Niño , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/estadística & datos numéricos , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven , Estudios Retrospectivos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/etiología , Pueblos del Sudeste AsiáticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to describe and evaluate the caries patterns among the 21st century preschool children globally. METHOD: Six electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) were searched using predetermined terms. Dual independent screening of all retrieved abstracts was performed to identify studies conducted after year 2000 and the caries pattern among preschool children was investigated. Data regarding the prevalence of caries by tooth type and surface were extracted. Meta-analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were carried out with the statistics software Stata using the random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 2642 records were screened, and 43 observational studies were finally included. Cavitated caries lesions were commonly found in the maxillary incisors and molars in both arches among preschool children. The highest caries prevalence was found in the maxillary central incisors (29.1%, 95%CI: 25.5%-32.7%) and the mandibular second molars (28.5%, 95%CI: 24.7%-32.3%), while the mandibular lateral incisors had the lowest prevalence (1.7%, 95%CI: 1.5%-2.0%). Occlusal surfaces of the mandibular molars were the most frequently affected by caries, whereas caries hardly affected the lingual surfaces of lower anterior teeth. Caries pattern on the left and right sides was symmetrical. The overall caries prevalence was significantly higher in the maxillary teeth. Caries prevalence was higher in the older children, whereas the caries pattern was not significantly different among children from countries with different human and economic development levels. CONCLUSION: Cavitated carious lesions were more commonly observed in the maxillary incisors and molars in both arches. The prevalence of caries varies significantly with child's age and primary tooth type. However, preschool children exhibit a similar pattern of caries, regardless of the time, socioeconomic status or geographical location.
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Caries Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Preescolar , Salud Global , Diente MolarRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Early childhood caries has become a globally crucial oral health problem over the decades. Most studies have discussed the association between low birth weight and early childhood caries; however, studies focusing on high birth weight have been relatively limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of high birth weight on the incidence and severity of dental caries in 4-5-year-old children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study subjects included 491 children from a birth cohort study at 4-5 years of age. Data on dental caries, prenatal and perinatal factors, and socio-demographic determinants were recorded. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were performed to analyze the data. Two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 491 children, the prevalence of dental caries was 48.7%. High birth weight (≥ 4,000 g) was significantly associated with increased incidence of dental caries (OR, 2.000; CI 95% 1.062-3.765), and the relatively enhanced risk OR was further increased in subjects experiencing caries (dmft ≥ 3) (OR, 2.437; CI 95% 1.306-4.549) compared with the normal birth weight (2,500-3,999 g). CONCLUSIONS: High birth weight is a risk factor for early childhood caries. Particular attention should be paid to children with birth weight more than or equal to 4,000 g.
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Peso al Nacer , Caries Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios de Cohortes , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Índice CPO , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a challenge for pediatric dentists all over the world, and dietary factor is an important factor affecting the occurrence of ECC. Currently, there is limited research on the impact of dietary nutrient intake from Chinese diets on ECC. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation of dietary nutrients intake with ECC and caries activity (CA) among children aged 3-5 years, and to provide dietary guidance to slow down the occurrence and development of ECC. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. A total of 155 children were divided into three groups: caries-free group, ECC group and Severe early childhood caries (SECC) group according to the caries statues. And according to the caries activity test (CAT) value, they were also divided into three group: low CA group (L-CA), middle CA group (M-CA) and high CA group (H-CA). The 24-hour dietary intake information was collected by mobile phone application (APP). The intake of children's daily dietary nutrients were calculated referring to "China Food Composition Tables". RESULTS: In this study, 17, 39,and 99 children were diagnosed with caries-free, ECC, and SECC. There were 33, 36, and 86 children diagnosed with L-CA, M-CA, and H-CA. The risk of ECC was increased with the intake of cholesterol(OR = 1.005) and magnesium (OR = 1.026) and decreased with the intake of iron (OR = 0.770). The risk of SECC was increased with the intake of cholesterol (OR = 1.003). The risk of high CA was increased with the intake of cholesterol (OR = 1.002). The combined application of dietary total calories, carbohydrate, cholesterol, sodium, magnesium and selenium in the diagnosis of ECC had an area under ROC curve of 0.741. CONCLUSIONS: The increased dietary cholesterol intake may be a common risk factor for ECC and high CA in children aged 3-5. The combined application of dietary intake of total calories, carbohydrate, cholesterol, sodium, magnesium and selenium has a higher predictive value for the occurrence of ECC.
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Caries Dental , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Preescolar , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/etiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Masculino , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Dieta , Nutrientes/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de EnergíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of oral diseases is subject to change over time. In 2021, Guangdong Province conducted its fourth survey assessing the oral health status of individuals aged 65-74. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evaluation criteria and potential influencing factors were identified. A sample of residents aged 65-74 from 13 designated monitoring sites in Guangdong Province was randomly selected for the study. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the clinical correlation between influencing factors and evaluation criteria. Negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were utilized to examine the factors influencing caries prevalence. In contrast, logistic regression was employed to identify the risk factors for caries occurrence. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries rate of crowns, roots, and teeth were 76.36%, 52.25%, and 79.2%, respectively. Individuals with periodontal pockets exhibited a significantly higher risk of root caries. The presence of dental calculus significantly exacerbated the occurrence of crown, root, and dental caries, and increased the risk of crown and dental caries. Consuming sweet foods once or more a week notably increased the average root decayed score (D of roots), the prevalence rate of root caries, and the D score of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth [DMFT] index in individuals already afflicted with this condition. Similarly, the consumption of sweetened drinks significantly elevated the risk of crown and root caries, exacerbating overall caries progression. Frequencies of manual toothbrush and toothpick cleaning showed a negative correlation with average tooth missing score (MT). In contrast, the frequency of manual/electric toothbrush and toothpick cleaning was negatively correlated with the DMFT index. Engaging in dental diagnosis and treatment behaviors significantly increased the number of filled crowns (F), MT, and DMFT scores while reducing the prevalence of dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: In Guangdong Province, caries prevalence among older individuals aged 65-74 remains substantial. Relevant professionals and institutions must provide comprehensive guidance and assistance to the older population, emphasizing the importance of reducing the consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages, adopting correct tooth brushing techniques and frequency (at least twice daily), timely treatment of periodontal diseases, conducting regular epidemiological caries surveys, and addressing economic barriers to accessing caries diagnosis and treatment services.
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Caries Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Índice CPO , Caries Radicular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the main factors affecting early dental caries among preschool children aged 3-6 years in Xingtai City to formulate effective preventive measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 570 preschool children aged 3-6 years in Xingtai City through questionnaire surveys and oral examinations to understand their dental caries situation. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the main influencing factors for the occurrence of dental caries in preschool children. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in age (χ2 = 2.636, p = 0.008), father's education level (χ2 = 4.207, p < 0.001), mother's education level (χ2 = 4.217, p < 0.001), daily tooth brushing frequency (χ2 = 3.160, p = 0.002), age of starting tooth brushing (χ2 = 8.756, p < 0.001), mouth rinsing after meals (χ2 = 89.401, p < 0.001), Streptococcus mutans positivity (χ2 = 133.503, p < 0.001), non-sweet snack consumption frequency (χ2 = 5.962, p < 0.001), snack flavour preference (χ2 = 116.119, p < 0.001), use of fluoridated toothpaste (χ2 = 75.639, p < 0.001), regular oral examinations (χ2 = 98.711, p < 0.001), sugary drink consumption frequency (χ2 = 10.370, p < 0.001) and sweet food consumption frequency (χ2 = 9.261, p < 0.001) between the caries and non-caries groups. Multifactorial analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio [OR] = 5.342, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.434-6.631), later initiation of tooth brushing (OR = 3.244, 95% CI: 2.413-5.424), S. mutans positivity (OR = 5.357, 95% CI: 4.529-8.563), high snack consumption frequency (OR = 3.452, 95% CI: 2.634-5.442), high sugary drink consumption frequency (OR = 4.414, 95% CI: 2.534-6.451) and high sweet food consumption frequency (OR = 4.531, 95% CI: 3.421-6.354) were risk factors for dental caries. Higher father's educational level (OR = 0.724, 95% CI: 0.564-0.891), higher mother's educational level (OR = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.601-0.813), high daily tooth brushing frequency (OR = 0.572, 95% CI: 0.423-0.864), mouth rinsing after meals (OR = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.643-0.813), use of fluoridated toothpaste (OR = 0.657, 95% CI: 0.553-0.931) and regular oral examinations (OR = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.352-0.747) were protective factors against dental caries (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple factors result in early dental caries in preschool children aged 3-6 years; however, the most influential factors are older age and high snack consumption, as well as high sugary and sweet food/drink consumption.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Cepillado Dental , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Cepillado Dental/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Escolaridad , Bocadillos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Edad , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Poor oral hygiene, generally manifesting as dental caries, gingivitis, or periodontitis, is a common chronic condition among both children and adults worldwide and has been reportedly associated with hypertension and arterial stiffness mainly in adult patients. However, these associations have not been well-studied in children and adults in the general population. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to clarify the associations between oral hygiene indices and high blood pressure (BP)/hypertension and arterial stiffness as assessed by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in children along with their mothers. The association between maternal oral hygiene and high BP in children was also examined based on the hypothesis that maternal awareness of oral hygiene is related to their children's oral hygiene. METHODS: This study was conducted as an Adjunct Study of the Aichi Regional Sub-Cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Participating children (n = 220, 85-104 months old) and their mothers (n = 217, 29-52 years old) underwent dental/intra-oral examination and BP and CAVI assessment. High BP in children and hypertension in mothers were diagnosed according to corresponding American guidelines. Logistic regression analysis or analysis of covariance was used to examine the associations of poor oral hygiene indices with BP and CAVI. RESULTS: Maternal dental caries ≥1 was associated with their hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-6.61). Maternal dental plaque ≥1/3 was associated with maternal hypertension and children's high BP (aOR, 95% CI: 4.71, 1.33-16.73 and 5.67, 1.22-25.04, respectively). Maximum pocket depth ≥4 mm was associated with children's high BP (aOR: 6.85, 95% CI: 1.24-38.01). No associations were observed between oral hygiene indices and CAVI in children; however, there was a significant association between dental plaque and CAVI in mothers (F = 5.62, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The small sample size, especially the case number, made it necessary to refrain from drawing unambiguous conclusion. The hypothesis that warrants further investigation based on the present study results is that poor oral hygiene is associated with high BP in children and hypertension and arterial stiffness in mothers, and maternal oral hygiene is associated with high BP in children.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Madres , Higiene Bucal , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Masculino , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Niño , Japón/epidemiología , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral problems, harmful oral habits, and sociodemographic factors are associated with the occurrence of stress in schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study nested within a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 375 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group (with childhood stress) and control group (without childhood stress) were matched for age and sex at a 1:4 ratio (75 cases to 300 controls). Data collection involved the self-administration of a questionnaire by parents/caregivers addressing sociodemographic characteristics and the child's history of harmful oral habits. The children answered the Child Stress Scale (CSS) and underwent a clinical oral examination to determine the presence/absence of dental caries, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injuries. Data analysis involved the calculation of frequencies, the chi-square test, and conditional logistic regression (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The final adjusted conditional logistic regression model showed that dental caries (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01 - 3.14, p = 0.044) and biting objects (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.22, p = 0.041) remained associated with stress in the schoolchildren analysed. CONCLUSION: The present results showed that children with dental caries and the habit of biting objects were more likely to have childhood stress. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study allows paediatric dentists to expand their knowledge with regards to the influence of oral problems and harmful habits on the occurrence of childhood stress and serves as a guide for decision-making related to oral problems in schoolchildren.