RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Women's mortality at a reproductive age has been a global concern, and its decrease has been incorporated as a target of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to describe the spatial-temporal evolution of mortality rates among women of reproductive age in Brazilian municipalities by groups of causes and socioeconomic indicators from 2000 to 2018. STUDY DESIGN: Ecological analysis. METHODS: This work was an ecological, descriptive study that analyzed estimates of mortality rates among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) by main groups of causes of death from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in three consecutive trienniums, T1 (2000-2002), T2 (2009-2011), and T3 (2016-2018). To quantify the temporal evolution in mortality rates, the present study calculated the percentage change for each triennium. The spatial analysis of mortality rates was carried out using Moran's index. The Pearson coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the data. RESULTS: A significant decline in mortality rates was found for all groups of causes in all regions of the country. Despite the downward trend, the percentage change from 2009 to 2011 to 2016 to 2018 showed a decrease in the group of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and external causes. The decline in mortality rates of women due to external causes showed only a minimal change in the North and Northeast regions from T2 to T3, whereas a cluster of neighboring municipalities with high mortality rates persisted in the municipalities of the South region and in the state of Roraima. The ranking of the main causes of death in Brazilian municipalities showed an increase in neoplasms in detriment to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of death in women of reproductive age at a more local level could be used to recognize inequalities and to develop interventions aimed at tackling premature and preventable deaths.
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Causas de Muerte , Ciudades , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Mortalidad , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Causas de Muerte/tendencias , Ciudades/epidemiología , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Mortalidad/tendencias , Factores Socioeconómicos , Análisis Espacio-TemporalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Future demographic changes will increase the number of people living with non-communicable diseases. We projected the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2035 and 2050 at the global and country levels. METHODS: We pooled T2DM prevalence estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study and population estimates from the United Nations for 188 countries. We computed the absolute number of people with T2DM in 2020 and predicted the future number in 2035 and 2050 under four scenarios for the T2DM prevalence: 1) It held constant, 2) It increased by 50%, 3) It decreased by 10%, and 4) It followed 1990-2019 country-specific past trends. RESULTS: The global number of people with T2DM was 445 million in 2020, and it is projected to increase in 2050 to 730 million if prevalence remains unchanged, 1,095 million if prevalence increases by 50%, 657 million if prevalence decreases by 10%, and 1,153 million if prevalence follows country-specific 1990-2019 past trends. Under all scenarios, Sub-Saharan Africa and lowincome countries had the highest relative increase in the number of people with T2DM. The share of people with T2DM aged <60 years is expected to drop from 5 out of 10 in 2020 to 4 out of 10 people in 2050 under all scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: There will be a massive growth in the number of people living with T2DM, and low-income countries and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will be the most affected. Health systems must be strengthened to ensure optimal care for the future population with T2DM.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Salud Global , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Predicción , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendenciasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death and a public health threat. To report the burden of CVD in Mexico at a national and subnational scale from 1990 to 2017 as well as risk factors driving these changes. METHODS: Following the 2017 global burden of disease study, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and risk factors of CVD were examined according to 10 subcategories. RESULTS: The CVD burden of disease decreased between 1990 and 2017 in Mexico as a whole and in all states, with the higher decrease located in the north and central regions. Ischemic heart disease accounted for almost two-thirds of the total number of deaths from CVD and caused the highest DALY rate. The leading CVD risk factors were high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high LDL cholesterol, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose level. CONCLUSIONS: These results allow the establishment of priorities, policy development, and implementation to decrease the CVD burden and can provide a benchmark for states to focus on key risk factors, improve the quality of health care, and reduce health care costs.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Carga Global de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Teorema de Bayes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Global incidence and temporal trends of asbestosis are rarely explored. Using the detailed information on asbestosis from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017, we described the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and its average annual percentage change. A Joinpoint Regression model was applied to identify varying temporal trends over time. Although the use of asbestos has been completely banned in many countries, the ASIR of asbestosis increased globally from 1990 to 2017. Furthermore, the most pronounced increases in ASIR of asbestosis were detected in high-income North America and Australasia. These findings indicate that efforts to change the asbestos regulation policy are urgently needed.
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Asbestosis/epidemiología , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , África/epidemiología , Asia/epidemiología , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , América Central/epidemiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , América del Norte/epidemiología , Oceanía/epidemiología , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A high level of general and oral health are invaluable assets, a factor not always considered a basic human right for their better life quality. The mouth is a critical point of contact with the external environment, which is established when we talk, chew, swallow and when food digestion begins. From a perspective of the human condition, the mouth is crucial for the integration of sound, social appearance of the individual, and is one of the fundamental components of overall health. Therefore, not having an adequate level of oral health affects self-esteem, quality of life and people's general well-being.
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Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Salud Bucal/tendencias , Enfermedades Periodontales/terapia , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Purpose: To study the impact of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on the cataract burden in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).Methods: National and regional age and sex specific cataract DALY numbers and rates from 1990 to 2016 for Caribbean SIDS, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The human development index (HDI), healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index, and the World Bank's classification of economies were used as socioeconomic status indicators. The Gini coefficient, Atkinson, Theil and concentration indices were used to measure health inequality. Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with differences in cataract burden.Results: Men had higher age-standardized DALY rates than women (P < .001) with median rates of 90.72 (Interquartile range [IQR], 87.8-94.2) and 83.94(IQR, 80.9-86.5), respectively. The burden of cataract increased with age. Upper-middle income countries had higher age-standardized DALY rates than high income countries (P < .001), with median rates of 90.1 (IQR, 86.8-93.4) and 79.8 (IQR, 77.5-81.8), respectively. Age-standardized DALY rates were inversely correlated with HDI (r = - 0.61, ß = - 51.56 [P < .05]) and HAQ (r = - 0.68, ß = - 0.46 [P < .01). Between-country inequality was negligible, and the burden of cataract is greater among the poor.Conclusion: Global trends of socioeconomic factors were confirmed. Significantly, men had higher age-standardized DALY rates than women. This is an area for further research.
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Catarata/economía , Carga Global de Enfermedades/economía , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/tendencias , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/tendencias , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ceguera/epidemiología , Ceguera/etiología , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , Catarata/complicaciones , Catarata/epidemiología , Etnicidad , Femenino , Carga Global de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Desarrollo Humano , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/tendencias , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Distribución por Sexo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is considered a healthy stage of life and therefore little studied. This study described mortality over time in teenagers in Uruguay and analysed the burden of disease at this stage of life by the measure of Years of Life Lost by Premature Death in Uruguay and by comparison with rates in Latin America and the Caribbean by sex, cause and sub-region. METHODOLOGY: Secondary data sources used were the national registry of deaths in Uruguay, the first Global Burden of Disease study in Uruguay and the information on the data visualisation page of the Institute of Metrics and Health Evaluation. Data were extracted by the authors and displayed in tables and graphs. RESULTS: Teenager mortality held roughly stable between 1997 and 2015. More years were lost to premature death among Uruguayan men, the main causes being traffic accidents, self-inflicted injuries and violence. The same behaviour occurs throughout the region. CONCLUSIONS: The social determinants of health connected with poverty and inequality play a role in the development of depression, risky and violent behaviour, which possibly explain the loss of years due to premature death in adolescence.
Introducción. La adolescencia es considerada una etapa de buena salud y por tanto poco estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución de la mortalidad en adolescentes en Uruguay y analizar la carga de enfermedad en esta etapa de la vida, a través de la medida de los Años de Vida Perdidos por Muerte Prematura en Uruguay y su comparación con los de América Latina y el Caribe según sexo, causa y subregión. Metodología. Se utilizaron fuentes de datos secundarias: el registro nacional de defunciones del Uruguay, el primer estudio de Carga Global de Enfermedad en Uruguay y la información presentada por la página de visualización de datos del Instituto de Métricas y Evaluación en Salud. Resultados. La mortalidad en los adolescentes se ha mantenidos aproximadamente estable entre 1997 y 2015. Loa años perdidos por muerte prematura para el Uruguay son más en los hombres y sus principales causas son los accidentes de tránsito, heridas auto infringidas y violencia. El mismo comportamiento se presenta en la región. Conclusiones. Los determinantes sociales de la salud vinculados a la pobreza e inequidad tienen un rol en el desarrollo de depresión, conductas riesgosas y violentas que posiblemente expliquen la perdida de años por muerte prematura en esta etapa de la vida.
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Causas de Muerte/tendencias , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Mortalidad Prematura/tendencias , Pobreza , Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/mortalidad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Uruguay/epidemiología , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción. La adolescencia es considerada una etapa de buena salud y por tanto poco estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución de la mortalidad en adolescentes en Uruguay y analizar la carga de enfermedad en esta etapa de la vida, a través de la medida de los Años de Vida Perdidos por Muerte Prematura en Uruguay y su comparación con los de América Latina y el Caribe según sexo, causa y subregión. Metodología. Se utilizaron fuentes de datos secundarias: el registro nacional de defunciones del Uruguay, el primer estudio de Carga Global de Enfermedad en Uruguay y la información presentada por la página de visualización de datos del Instituto de Métricas y Evaluación en Salud. Resultados. La mortalidad en los adolescentes se ha mantenidos aproximadamente estable entre 1997 y 2015. Loa años perdidos por muerte prematura para el Uruguay son más en los hombres y sus principales causas son los accidentes de tránsito, heridas auto infringidas y violencia. El mismo comportamiento se presenta en la región. Conclusiones. Los determinantes sociales de la salud vinculados a la pobreza e inequidad tienen un rol en el desarrollo de depresión, conductas riesgosas y violentas que posiblemente expliquen la perdida de años por muerte prematura en esta etapa de la vida.
Abstract Introduction. Adolescence is considered a healthy stage of life and therefore little studied. This study described mortality over time in teenagers in Uruguay and analysed the burden of disease at this stage of life by the measure of Years of Life Lost by Premature Death in Uruguay and by comparison with rates in Latin America and the Caribbean by sex, cause and sub-region. Methodology. Secondary data sources used were the national registry of deaths in Uruguay, the first Global Burden of Disease study in Uruguay and the information on the data visualisation page of the Institute of Metrics and Health Evaluation. Data were extracted by the authors and displayed in tables and graphs. Results. Teenager mortality held roughly stable between 1997 and 2015. More years were lost to premature death among Uruguayan men, the main causes being traffic accidents, self-inflicted injuries and violence. The same behaviour occurs throughout the region. Conclusions. The social determinants of health connected with poverty and inequality play a role in the development of depression, risky and violent behaviour, which possibly explain the loss of years due to premature death in adolescence.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Pobreza , Causas de Muerte/tendencias , Mortalidad Prematura/tendencias , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Factores Socioeconómicos , Uruguay/epidemiología , Violencia/tendencias , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Conducta Autodestructiva/mortalidad , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , América Latina/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze if the burden of ischemic heart disease mortality trend attributed to physical inactivity in Brazil differs from the global estimates. METHODS: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study for Brazil, Brazilian states, and global information were used. We estimated the summary exposure value for physical inactivity, the total number of deaths, and the age-standardized death rates for ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015, and the population-attributable fraction. Data were presented according to sex. RESULTS: The Brazilian population was found to have a risk of exposure to physical inactivity varying between 70.4% for men and 75.7% for women in the year of 1990. This risk of exposure was similar in 2015. In men, the mortality rate from ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity decreased in 2015 by approximately 24% around the world and 45% in Brazil. For women, this decrease was in 31% around the world and 45% in Brazil. The states of Southern and Southeastern Brazil presented lower mortality rates due to ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity. If physical inactivity were eliminated in Brazil, mortality from ischemic heart disease would be reduced by 15.8% for men and 15.2% for women. CONCLUSIONS: Over 25 years, the risk of exposure to physical inactivity in Brazil did not change and was high compared to global estimates. The decrease in ischemic heart disease mortality results from the improvement of health services in Brazil and the control of other risk factors. Approximately 15% of deaths from ischemic heart disease in Brazil could be avoided if people met the recommendations for physical activity.
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Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Conducta Sedentaria , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Causas de Muerte/tendencias , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Conductas de Riesgo para la Salud , Humanos , Renta , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to estimate all-cause and cause-specific mortality and years of life lost, investigated by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil and in the states; to analyze the temporal trend of these estimates over 25 years (1990-2015) compared with global estimates and according to the socioeconomic status of states of Brazil. METHODS: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) for Brazil, Brazilian states and global information were used. It was estimated the total number and the age-standardized rates of deaths and DALYs for colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015. We used the Socioeconomic Development Index (SDI). RESULTS: Physical inactivity was responsible for a substantial number of deaths (1990: 1,302; 2015: 119,351) and DALYs (1990: 31,121; 2015: 87,116) due to colorectal cancer in Brazil. From 1990 to 2015, the mortality and DALYs due to colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity increased in Brazil (0.6% and 0.6%, respectively) and decreased around the world (-0.8% and -1.1%, respectively). The Brazilian states with better socioeconomic indicators had higher rates of mortality and morbidity by colorectal cancer due to physical inactivity (p<0.01). Physical inactivity was responsible for deaths and DALYs due to colorectal cancer in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Over 25 years, the Brazilian population showed more worrisome results than around the world. Actions to combat physical inactivity and greater cancer screening and treatment are urgent in the Brazilian states.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Actividad Motora , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Salud Global , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morbilidad , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
As maiores fontes de poluentes atmosféricos estão na queima de combustíveis oriundas de fontes estacionárias (usinas e energia elétrica) e móveis (frota de veículos automotores). Grande parte dessas fontes está concentrada nas grandes cidades, onde são esperados impactos significativos na saúde, sobretudo no que se refere às doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares. A exposição aos poluentes atmosféricos, especificamente ao material particulado, está associada a uma série de efeitos sobre a saúde, mas os efeitos sobre a mortalidade são indiscutivelmente os mais importantes e são mais favoráveis à avaliação global. Quantificar a magnitude do impacto da poluição do ar na saúde nas grandes cidades apresenta desafios consideráveis devido à disponibilidade limitada de informações. Esta tese apresenta dois estudos. O primeiro aborda aspectos metodológicos sobre previsão de concentração de material particulado em áreas urbanas onde não há redes de monitoramento da qualidade do ar. O método utilizado foi o modelo linear de efeitos mistos para previsão das médias anuais de material particulado inaliável com diâmetro ≤ 10µm (PM10) no período de 2001 a 2014 nas áreas metropolitanas do Brasil. A metodologia baseou-se no modelo proposto por Cohen et al. (2004), desenvolvido pelo Banco Mundial, para estimar as concentrações de PM10 em função de características econômicas, meteorológicas, demográficas e outras das regiões metropolitanas. O resultado mostrou que apenas umidade relativa do ar, produto interno bruto per capita do setor serviços, altitude média e focos de queimadas foram associados aos níveis de concentração de PM10. O objetivo do segundo estudo foi estimar a carga de mortalidade no conjunto das regiões metropolitanas, a partir do modelo de efeitos mistos aplicado a dois grupos de doenças e faixas etárias específicas: doenças cardiovasculares em adultos 30 anos ou mais e doenças respiratórias em crianças menores de um ano e de um a cinco anos. Foram estimados o número de mortes atribuíveis e os anos de vida perdidos (Years of Life Lost - YLL) para adultos usando estimativas de risco de um estudo de coorte da Associação Americana de Câncer. E com relação às faixas etárias de um ano e de um a cinco anos, as estimativas de risco consideradas foram extraídas do estudo meta-analítico do projeto - Estudo de Saúde e Poluição Atmosférica na América Latina
The largest sources of the air pollutants are the burning of fuels from stationary sources (power plants and electric power) and mobile sources (fleet of motor vehicles). Most of these sources is concentrated in the large cities, where significant health impacts are expected, principally in relation to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Exposure to air pollutants, especially particulate matter, is associated with several health effects, but the effects on the mortality are undoubtedly the most important and are more favorable overall assessment. Quantifying the magnitude of the impact air pollution on healthy in large cities presents considerable challenges due to limited availability of information. This thesis presents two studies. The first deals with methodological aspects on the prediction of concentration of particulate matter in urban areas where there aren't air quality monitoring networks. The method used was the Linear Mixed-Effects Models for prediction of annual averages of inhalable particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10µm (PM10) in the period from 2001 to 2014 in the metropolitan areas of Brazil. The methodology was based on the model proposed by Cohen et al. (2004), developed by the World Bank, to estimate PM10 concentrations in terms of economic, meteorological, demographic and other characteristics of metropolitan regions. The results showed that only the relative air humidity, GDP per capita of the services sector, average altitude and fires were associated with PM10 concentration levels. The objective of the second study was to estimate the mortality burden in the metropolitan regions as whole, using mixed-effects models applied to two specific disease groups and age groups: Cardiovascular diseases in adults with 30 years or older and respiratory diseases in children under one year and from one to five years. We estimated the number of attributable deaths and Years of Life Lost (YLL) for adults using risk estimates from an American Cancer Society cohort study. And regarding the one-year and one-to-five-year age groups, the risk estimates considered were taken from meta-analytical study of the project - Multicity Study of Air Pollution and Mortality in Latin America (the ESCALA Study)
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Humanos , Enfermedades Respiratorias , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Mortalidad , Área Urbana , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Ciudades , Material Particulado , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendenciasRESUMEN
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze if the burden of ischemic heart disease mortality trend attributed to physical inactivity in Brazil differs from the global estimates. METHODS Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study for Brazil, Brazilian states, and global information were used. We estimated the summary exposure value for physical inactivity, the total number of deaths, and the age-standardized death rates for ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015, and the population-attributable fraction. Data were presented according to sex. RESULTS The Brazilian population was found to have a risk of exposure to physical inactivity varying between 70.4% for men and 75.7% for women in the year of 1990. This risk of exposure was similar in 2015. In men, the mortality rate from ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity decreased in 2015 by approximately 24% around the world and 45% in Brazil. For women, this decrease was in 31% around the world and 45% in Brazil. The states of Southern and Southeastern Brazil presented lower mortality rates due to ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity. If physical inactivity were eliminated in Brazil, mortality from ischemic heart disease would be reduced by 15.8% for men and 15.2% for women. CONCLUSIONS Over 25 years, the risk of exposure to physical inactivity in Brazil did not change and was high compared to global estimates. The decrease in ischemic heart disease mortality results from the improvement of health services in Brazil and the control of other risk factors. Approximately 15% of deaths from ischemic heart disease in Brazil could be avoided if people met the recommendations for physical activity.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Conducta Sedentaria , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil/epidemiología , Ejercicio Físico , Factores Sexuales , Factores de Riesgo , Causas de Muerte/tendencias , Factores de Edad , Distribución por Sexo , Distribución por Edad , Conductas de Riesgo para la Salud , Renta , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: Alcohol use is one of the main preventable risk factors affecting mortality and premature disability. OBJECTIVE:: To describe the estimates of mortality and years of life lost as a result of premature death (YLL) due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and disorders attributed to alcohol use in Brazil and its federated units in 1990 and 2015. METHODS:: Descriptive study using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2015) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). Statistical models were used to obtain corrected mortality estimates for selected causes. Rates were standardized by age. RESULTS:: In 1990, 16,226 deaths were estimated for the three conditions (17.0/100 thousand inhabitants), while in 2015 there were 28,337 deaths (15.7/100 thousand inhabitants). There was a reduction in mortality (per 100 thousand) due to cirrhosis (from 11.4 to 9.5), stability in mortality rates related to liver cancer (1.5 and 1.9), and stability in mortality rates caused by alcohol use disorders (4.1 and 4.3). Mortality rates were 5.1 times higher among men, and the five states with the highest mortality rates and YLL were from the Northeast Region: Sergipe, Ceará, Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Alagoas. Mortality and YLL rates for the three conditions studied increased in the ranking of causes of death in both sexes, with the exception of cirrhosis in the female population. CONCLUSION:: The three conditions studied are responsible for a significant burden of premature mortality in Brazil, especially among men and residents of the northeast region. These results reinforce the urgent need for public policies that address harmful alcohol consumption in Brazil.
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Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/mortalidad , Carga Global de Enfermedades/normas , Cirrosis Hepática/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Humanos , Esperanza de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
RESUMO: Introdução: O uso de álcool é um dos principais fatores de risco preveníveis para mortalidade ou incapacidade prematuras. Objetivo: Descrever as estimativas de mortalidade e anos de vida perdidos por morte prematura (YLL) por cirrose, câncer hepático e transtornos devidos ao uso de álcool no Brasil e suas unidades da federação (UFs), em 1990 e 2015. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com dados do estudo de Carga Global de Doenças (2015) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Modelos estatísticos foram empregados para obter estimativas corrigidas de mortalidade pelas causas selecionadas. As taxas de mortalidade foram padronizadas por idade (TMPI). Resultados: Em 1990, foram estimados 16.226 óbitos para as 3 condições (17,0/100 mil habitantes), enquanto em 2015 foram 28.337 (15,7/100 mil habitantes). Houve redução da mortalidade (por 100 mil habitantes) por cirrose (de 11,4 para 9,5) e estabilidade por câncer hepático (1,5 e 1,9) e transtornos devidos ao uso de álcool (4,1 e 4,3). As TMPI foram 5,1 vezes maiores entre os homens, e as 5 UFs com maiores TMPI e YLL foram da Região Nordeste: Sergipe, Ceará, Pernambuco, Paraíba e Alagoas. As taxas de mortalidade e de YLL pelas três condições estudadas ascenderam no ranking das causas de óbito, em ambos os sexos, exceto a cirrose no feminino. Conclusão: As três condições estudadas são responsáveis por importante carga de mortalidade prematura no Brasil, principalmente entre homens e residentes na região nordeste. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de políticas públicas para o enfrentamento ao consumo nocivo do álcool no Brasil.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Alcohol use is one of the main preventable risk factors affecting mortality and premature disability. Objective: To describe the estimates of mortality and years of life lost as a result of premature death (YLL) due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and disorders attributed to alcohol use in Brazil and its federated units in 1990 and 2015. Methods: Descriptive study using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2015) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). Statistical models were used to obtain corrected mortality estimates for selected causes. Rates were standardized by age. Results: In 1990, 16,226 deaths were estimated for the three conditions (17.0/100 thousand inhabitants), while in 2015 there were 28,337 deaths (15.7/100 thousand inhabitants). There was a reduction in mortality (per 100 thousand) due to cirrhosis (from 11.4 to 9.5), stability in mortality rates related to liver cancer (1.5 and 1.9), and stability in mortality rates caused by alcohol use disorders (4.1 and 4.3). Mortality rates were 5.1 times higher among men, and the five states with the highest mortality rates and YLL were from the Northeast Region: Sergipe, Ceará, Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Alagoas. Mortality and YLL rates for the three conditions studied increased in the ranking of causes of death in both sexes, with the exception of cirrhosis in the female population. Conclusion: The three conditions studied are responsible for a significant burden of premature mortality in Brazil, especially among men and residents of the northeast region. These results reinforce the urgent need for public policies that address harmful alcohol consumption in Brazil.