RESUMEN
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) comprise the majority of nonmelanoma skin cancers. Advances have been made in treatment. Sentinel node biopsy should be considered for locally advanced, clinically node-negative cSCCs and MCCs. BCC patients failing traditional surgery and/or radiation are candidates for systemic hedgehog inhibitor therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment is available for patients who failed traditional treatment with surgery and/or radiation or who are not candidates for these modalities. Specifically, cemiplimab is approved for advanced BCC; cemiplimab and pembrolizumab for advanced cSCC; and avelumab, pembrolizumab, and retifanlimab-dlwr for recurrent/metastatic MCC.
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Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Carcinoma Basocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Carcinoma Basocelular/terapiaRESUMEN
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has better survival outcomes compared to non-HPV-related OPSCC, leading to efforts to de-escalate the intensity of treatment to reduce associated morbidity. This article reviews recent clinical efforts to explore different de-escalation frameworks with a particular emphasis on the emergence of transoral robotic surgery and surgically driven de-escalation approaches. It discusses the current evidence for incorporating surgery into an evolving treatment paradigm for HPV-related OPSCC.
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Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/cirugía , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/cirugía , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologíaRESUMEN
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a subtype of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, the most common group of malignancies worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment approved for specific subtypes of SCC. Some malignancies resist PDT, forming more aggressive tumors and multiple relapses. Thus, new approaches aimed at optimizing the response to PDT are needed. The mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, also known as Sirolimus (SRL), interferes with protein synthesis and cell metabolism. The use of SRL as an immunosuppressant is associated to lower rates of SCC in kidney-transplanted patients, which are frequently affected by this pathology. We have evaluated SRL pre-treatment efficacy to enhance the damage induced by PDT with Methyl 5-aminolevulinate in two different cutaneous SCC established cell lines (SCC13 and A431) in vitro and therapy sensitization in PDT-resistant cell lines. We tested for the first time the SRL + PDT combination in a SKH-1 mouse model of photocarcinogenesis, diminishing the frequency of lesions and restraining tumor growth. Molecular studies revealed that protoporphyrin IX and reactive oxygen species production induced by PDT were promoted by SRL pre-treatment. Lastly, SRL modifies the expression and intracellular location of NRF2, interfering with the downstream antioxidant response modulated by NQO1 and HO-1. In conclusion, we propose SRL as a potential adjuvant to enhance PDT efficacy for SCC treatment.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Fotoquimioterapia , Transducción de Señal , Sirolimus , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Animales , Ratones , Sirolimus/farmacología , Sirolimus/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Ácido Aminolevulínico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Aminolevulínico/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , FemeninoRESUMEN
This Corrigendum relates to the following article: https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v104.13381.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Queratoacantoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Queratoacantoma/patología , Queratoacantoma/metabolismo , Queratoacantoma/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new technology for skin cancer diagnostics. However, the interobserver agreement (IOA) of known image markers of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as precursors, SCC in situ (CIS) and actinic keratosis (AK), remains unexplored. This study determined IOA on the presence or absence of 10 key LC-OCT image markers of KC and precursors, among evaluators new to LC-OCT with different levels of dermatologic imaging experience. Secondly, the frequency and association between reported image markers and lesion types, was determined. Six evaluators blinded to histopathologic diagnoses, assessed 75 LC-OCT images of KC (21 SCC; 21 BCC), CIS (12), and AK (21). For each image, evaluators independently reported the presence or absence of 10 predefined key image markers of KCs and precursors described in an LC-OCT literature review. Evaluators were stratified by experience-level as experienced (3) or novices (3) based on previous OCT and reflectance confocal microscopy usage. IOA was tested for all groups, using Conger's kappa coefficient (κ). The frequency of reported image marker and their association with lesion-types, were calculated as proportions and odds ratios (OR), respectively. Overall IOA was highest for the image markers lobules (κ = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57;0.78) and clefting (κ = 0.63, CI 0.52;0.74), typically seen in BCC (94%;OR 143.2 and 158.7, respectively, p < 0.001), followed by severe dysplasia (κ = 0.42, CI 0.31;0.53), observed primarily in CIS (79%;OR 7.1, p < 0.001). The remaining seven image-markers had lower IOA (κ = 0.06-0.32) and were more evenly observed across lesion types. The lowest IOA was noted for a well-defined (κ = 0.07, CI 0;0.15) and interrupted dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (κ = 0.06, CI -0.002;0.13). IOA was higher for all image markers among experienced evaluators versus novices. This study shows varying IOA for 10 key image markers of KC and precursors in LC-OCT images among evaluators new to the technology. IOA was highest for the assessments of lobules, clefting, and severe dysplasia while lowest for the assessment of the DEJ integrity.
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Carcinoma Basocelular , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Queratinocitos , Queratosis Actínica , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Queratinocitos/patología , Queratosis Actínica/diagnóstico por imagen , Queratosis Actínica/patología , Queratosis Actínica/diagnóstico , Microscopía Confocal/métodos , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to summarize the results of studies reporting the role of NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) in PSCC (penile squamous cell carcinoma). METHODS: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and web of science up to March 10, 2023. Fourteen studies were included in the review. The NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) was used to determine the quality of the included studies. This meta-analysis was conducted on the studies reporting the relationship between NLR and survival using HR (hazard ratio) and 95% CI (confidence interval). RESULTS: There was a significant association between NLR levels and the prognosis, nodal stage, and anatomical tumor stage of PSCC patients. In the meta-analysis of the association of NLR with survival, NLR level was significantly associated with lower cancer-specific survival (HR = 3.51, 95% CI = 2.07-5.98, p < 0.001) and lower disease-free survival (HR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.60-5.20, p < 0.001). However, NLR was found to have no association with the stage, grade, location, and size of the tumor. CONCLUSION: NLR has a significant diagnostic and prognostic value in PSCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias del Pene , Humanos , Neoplasias del Pene/sangre , Neoplasias del Pene/patología , Neoplasias del Pene/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangre , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Masculino , Pronóstico , Neutrófilos , Linfocitos/patología , Recuento de Linfocitos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Precancerous and malignant tumours arise within the oral cavity from a predisposed "field" of epithelial cells upon exposure to carcinogenic stimulus. This phenomenon is known as "Field Cancerization". The molecular genomic and transcriptomic alterations that lead to field cancerization and tumour progression is unknown in Indian Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. METHODS: We have performed whole exome sequencing, copy-number variation array and whole transcriptome sequencing from five tumours and dysplastic lesions (sampled from distinct anatomical subsites - one each from buccal anterior and posterior alveolus, dorsum of tongue-mucosal melanoma, lip and left buccal mucosa) and blood from a rare OSCC patient with field cancerization. RESULTS: A missense CASP8 gene mutation (p.S375F) was observed to be the initiating event in oral tumour field development. APOBEC mutation signatures, arm-level copy number alterations, depletion of CD8 + T cells and activated NK cells and enrichment of pro-inflammatory mast cells were features of early-originating tumours. Pharmacological inhibition of CASP8 protein in a CASP8-wild type OSCC cell line showed enhanced levels of cellular migration and viability. CONCLUSION: CASP8 alterations are the earliest driving events in oral field carcinogenesis, whereas additional somatic mutational, copy number and transcriptomic alterations ultimately lead to OSCC tumour formation and progression.
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Caspasa 8 , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Melanoma , Neoplasias de la Boca , Transcriptoma , Humanos , Caspasa 8/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patología , Transcriptoma/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN/genética , Secuenciación del Exoma , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Masculino , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Mutación Missense/genética , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfocitos T CD8-positivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The actin-binding protein anillin (ANLN) functions as an oncogene in various cancers but has not been fully studied in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate the expression of ANLN in OSCC tissues and cell lines, to better understand its role in mediating proliferative, angiogenic, invasive, and metastatic capabilities in this type of cancer. METHODS: ANLN mRNA and protein levels were assessed using qPCR and western immunoblotting. The expression intensity of ANLN was evaluated using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Biological functional assays were employed to characterize the behavior of OSCC cells influenced by ANLN. Additionally, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, including GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis, was performed on differentially expressed genes in ANLN-mediated pathways. RESULTS: OSCC tumors and cell lines exhibited higher ANLN expression. Silencing of ANLN significantly suppressed OSCC cell proliferation, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the Ki-67 index both in vitro and in vivo. The migration and invasive ability of OSCC cells were markedly diminished, coinciding with a decrease in epithelial-mesenchymal transition activity. ANLN was also found to promote angiogenic activity in OSCC cells, partly through synergistic effects mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Downregulation of ANLN expression led to decreased VEGFA levels, resulting in reduced angiogenesis characterized by fewer vascular branches. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the promising role of ANLN as a biomarker for both diagnostic and prognostic in OSCC. Targeting ANLN with inhibitory strategies could impede the oncogenesis processes at the core of OSCC development, presenting significant opportunities for advancing therapeutic interventions.
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Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Proteínas de Microfilamentos , Neoplasias de la Boca , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neovascularización Patológica , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Silenciador del Gen , Ratones , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Femenino , Masculino , AngiogénesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: SEPT9 is a pivotal cytoskeletal GTPase that regulates diverse biological processes encompassing mitosis and cytokinesis. While previous studies have implicated SEPT9 in tumorigenesis and development; comprehensive pan-cancer analyses have not been performed. This study aims to systematically explore its role in cancer screening, prognosis, and treatment, addressing this critical gap. METHODS: Gene and protein expression data containing clinical information were obtained from public databases for pan-cancer analyses. Additionally, clinical samples from 90 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were used to further experimentally validate the clinical significance of SEPT9. In addition, the molecular docking tool was used to analyze the affinities between SEPT9 protein and drugs. RESULTS: SEPT9 is highly expressed in various cancers, and its aberrant expression correlates with genetic alternations and epigenetic modifications, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Take LUSC as an example, additional dataset analyses and immunohistochemical experiments further confirm the diagnostic and prognostic values as well as the clinical relevance of the SEPT9 gene and protein. Functional enrichment, single-cell expression, and immune infiltration analyses revealed that SEPT9 promotes malignant tumor progression and modulates the immune microenvironments, enabling patients to benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, drug sensitivity and molecular docking analyses showed that SEPT9 is associated with the sensitivity and resistance of multiple drugs and has stable binding activity with them, including Vorinostat and OTS-964. To harness its prognostic and therapeutic potential in LUSC, a mitotic spindle-associated prognostic model including SEPT9, HSF1, ARAP3, KIF20B, FAM83D, TUBB8, and several clinical characteristics, was developed. This model not only improves clinical outcome predictions but also reshapes the immune microenvironment, making immunotherapy more effective for LUSC patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to systematically analyze the role of SEPT9 in cancers and innovatively apply the mitotic spindle-associated model to LUSC, fully demonstrating its potential as a valuable biomarker for cancer screening and prognosis, and highlighting its application value in promoting immunotherapy and chemotherapy, particularly for LUSC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Septinas , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Septinas/genética , Septinas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise from the mucosal epithelia cells in the head and neck areas, present great challenges in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis due to their complex aetiology and various clinical manifestations. Several factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, oncogenic genes, growth factors, EpsteinBarr virus and human papillomavirus infections can contribute to HNSCC development. The unpredictable tumour microenvironment adds to the complexity of managing HNSCC. Despite significant advances in therapies, the prediction of outcome after treatment for patients with HNSCC remains poor, and the 5year overall survival rate is low due to late diagnosis. Early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. The present review aimed to bring together the latest findings related to the molecular mechanisms of HNSCC carcinogenesis and progression. Comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, microbiome and proteomic analyses allow researchers to identify important biological markers such as genetic alterations, gene expression signatures and protein markers that drive HNSCC tumours. These biomarkers associated with the stages of initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer are useful in the management of patients with cancer in order to improve their life expectancy and quality of life.
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Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Humanos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Microambiente Tumoral , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/genética , Pronóstico , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model of oral squamous cell carcinoma invading the mandible through multi-sample experiments that verified the stability, repeatability, tumorigenicity and mandible destruction rate of the model. METHODS: Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell suspension was injected into the outer side of the mandible through the anterior edge of the masseter muscle of naked mice to observe the tumourforming process. Then, the anatomical, histological and imaging examinations were carried out to determine whether the tumour had invaded the mandible. By comparing the tumour growth of multiple groups of various squamous cell carcinoma cells (CAL27, HN6 and HN30 cells), the changes in body weight and characteristics of tumour formation were compared, and the experience was summarised to further verify the stability, repeatability, tumour formation rate and arch damage rate of the model. RESULTS: The subsequent specimens of tumour-bearing nude mice were validated once the model had been established. In vitro, tumour tissue wrapped around the mandible's tumour-bearing side, and the local texture was tough with no resistance to acupuncture. Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that squamous cells were infiltrating the mandible in both the horizontal and sagittal planes. Microcomputed tomography results showed that the mandible on the tumour-bearing side displayed obvious erosion damage. Cell lines with various passage rates clearly had diverse tumour-bearing life cycles. CONCLUSION: This study successfully established an animal model of oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion of the mandible. The model has excellent biological stability, repeatability, tumorigenesis rate and mandible destruction rate.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Mandíbula , Ratones Desnudos , Neoplasias de la Boca , Invasividad Neoplásica , Animales , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Ratones , Mandíbula/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patología , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antioxidant enzyme status in biological samples of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare them with biological samples of healthy people through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT), sodium dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxide (GPx) were included in the analysis. A literature search was conducted of the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library databases for studies published between January 1999 and December 2022. A total of 831 articles were selected, of which 131 were found to be relevant. Finally, the full texts of 12 studies were screened and included. Studies that evaluated other antioxidant enzymes were excluded. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was derived to conduct a meta-analysis using comprehensive meta-analysis v3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). A random effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the effect size. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: CAT levels were measured in eight studies (n = 567) and the mean values for the OSCC and control groups were 4.81 ± 2.57 and 10.02 ± 1.81, respectively (SMD 3.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.42; P = 0.001). SOD level was evaluated in 11 studies (n = 762) and the values for the OSCC and control groups were 3.78 ± 1.45 and 7.34 ± 1.79, respectively (SMD 3.66, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.94; P = 0.001). GPx level was evaluated in 10 studies (n = 697) and the values for the OSCC and control groups were 13.33 ± 1.42 and 16.54 ± 2.9, respectively (SMD 1.91, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.77; P = 0.001). The heterogeneity between the studies was severe (I2 ≥ 90%). The risk of bias between studies was low to moderate. CONCLUSION: Analysis revealed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes decreased in biological samples of patients with OSSC as compared to healthy controls. Understanding the pathological progress of OSCC by analysing the level of antioxidant enzymes is beneficial in formulating a personalised, targeted pro-oxidant therapy for cancer treatment.
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Antioxidantes , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de la Boca , Oxidorreductasas , Humanos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A variety of solid tumours, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), can cause coagulation abnormalities, and this phenomenon is known as tumour-associated hypercoagulation. We aimed to explore the preoperative thromboelastography (TEG) parameter profiles of OSCC patients, and to investigate their trends in relation to tumour stage progression, and to evaluate their value for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis. METHODS: Data on thromboelastographic parameters and conventional coagulation indices were retrospectively collected, and comparisons were performed among preoperative primary OSCC patients (n = 311), recurrent/metastatic OSCC patients (n = 44) and a control group (n = 71). Among primary OSCC patients, the correlation with tumour stage and the predictive role of cervical lymph node metastasis were analyzed. RESULTS: Hypercoagulability occurred in OSCC patients and tended to become more pronounced as the tumour progressed. The whole-time phase of coagulation increased with increasing T stage, while the early phase of coagulation increased with increasing N stage. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative TEG parameters are closely related to tumour stage and progression, suggesting that TEG can be used as an important indicator for predicting tumour stage and as a potential biomarker.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Metástasis Linfática , Neoplasias de la Boca , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Tromboelastografía , Humanos , Tromboelastografía/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/sangre , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangre , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pronóstico , Periodo PreoperatorioRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Surgical Tool for Auditing Records scoring system [STAR] focuses on surgical record auditing with promising outcomes. It offers a structured approach to evaluating the quality of surgical notes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the STAR in evaluating oral surgical records and identifying areas for improvement in documentation practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data was obtained from the Dental Information Archival Software (DIAS) of our institution. The sample size was determined using G*Power 3.1.9.4 software. Fifty consecutive oral surgery clinical records of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were evaluated using STAR. Each record was reviewed for adherence to documentation standards including Initial Assessment (10 points), Follow-up Entries (8 points), Consent Documentation (7 points), Anesthesia Report (7 points), Surgical Log (9 points), and Discharge Synopsis (9 points). compiling a total STAR score (50 points). The data was tabulated in Google Sheets. The descriptive statistics with inter-observer agreement and the mean score were recorded. RESULTS: We observed that each of the 50 records received a score of 49/50 points on the STAR. Deductions were necessary in the Operative record section due to the lack of information regarding the sutures used. CONCLUSION: To summarize, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of the STAR scoring system in evaluating the quality of oral surgical records. Identifying deficiencies, particularly in documenting operative details, can improve the completeness and accuracy of patient records. It can ultimately enhance patient care and facilitate better communication among healthcare professionals.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Documentación/normas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/normas , Registros Odontológicos/normasRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the role of early prophylactic inguinal node dissection in patients with squamous cell cancer and melanoma of lower limb. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2008 to 2018, a Tertiary Care Hospital connected to a teaching institute served as the site of this retrospective observational study. Patient records were gathered with the purpose of gathering clinical, investigative, surgical, pathological and follow-up information. RESULTS: We included 33 patients in this analysis out of the 47 patients we treated ourselves between 2008 and 2018; among these 33 patients, 21 (63.63%) had palpable inguinal nodes at the time of primary presentation. All 21 patients' FNAC tests were positive for metastases, in 16 patients (76.19%). 5 patients on FNAC (23.80%) exhibited not metastases. The remaining 12 patients did not have enlarged lymph nodes at the time of their initial presentation. Patients who did not have palpable lymph node were given the option of having a modified inguinal block dissection. 8 patients with metastatic disease have nodes that are positive in histology. In addition, out of 5 patients with negative nodes 4 (80%) showed evidence of metastasis. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this retrospective observational study is that although palpable lymph nodes in groin are unquestionably a sign that inguinal nodes should be dissected, prophylactic lymph node dissection should be still done even if nodes are not palpable or provide a negative FNAC result. Given that delayed lymphadenectomy has a significant effect on survival, delaying inguinal lymphadenectomy in non-palpable nodes could cause you to lose the battle against cancer in your lower limb. The related surgical morbidity is the only downside to prophylactic lymph node dissection. This can, however, be effectively decreased with a modified inguinal lymphadenectomy operation.
Résumé Objectif:Évaluer le rôle de la dissection prophylactique précoce du ganglion inguinal chez les patients atteints d'un cancer épidermoïde et d'un mélanome du membre inférieur.Matériels et méthodes:De 2008 à 2018, un hôpital de soins tertiaires relié à un institut d'enseignement a servi de site à cette étude observationnelle rétrospective. Les dossiers des patients ont été rassemblés dans le but de recueillir des informations cliniques, d'investigation, chirurgicales, pathologiques et de suivi.Résultats:Nous avons inclus 33 patients dans cette analyse sur les 47 patients que nous avons nous-mêmes traités entre 2008 et 2018; parmi ces 33 patients, 21 (63,63 %) avaient des ganglions inguinaux palpables au moment de la présentation primaire. Les tests FNAC des 21 patients étaient positifs pour les métastases, chez 16 patients (76,19 %). 5 patients sous FNAC (23,80%) ne présentaient pas de métastases. Les 12 patients restants ne présentaient pas d'hypertrophie des ganglions lymphatiques au moment de leur présentation initiale. Les patients qui n'avaient pas de ganglion lymphatique palpable ont eu la possibilité de subir une dissection par bloc inguinal modifié. 8 patients atteints d'une maladie métastatique ont des ganglions positifs en histologie. De plus, sur 5 patients présentant des ganglions négatifs, 4 (80 %) présentaient des signes de métastases.Conclusion:La conclusion de cette étude observationnelle rétrospective est que même si les ganglions lymphatiques palpables dans l'aine sont incontestablement un signe que les ganglions inguinaux doivent être disséqués, un curage prophylactique des ganglions lymphatiques doit toujours être effectué même si les ganglions ne sont pas palpables ou fournissent un résultat FNAC négatif. Étant donné que le retardement du curage lymphatique a un effet significatif sur la survie, retarder le curage inguinal des ganglions non palpables pourrait vous faire perdre la bataille contre le cancer du membre inférieur. La morbidité chirurgicale associée est le seul inconvénient du curage prophylactique des ganglions lymphatiques. Ceci peut cependant être efficacement réduit grâce à une opération de lymphadénectomie inguinale modifiée.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Conducto Inguinal , Extremidad Inferior , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos , Metástasis Linfática , Melanoma , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Melanoma/cirugía , Melanoma/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Anciano , Extremidad Inferior/cirugía , Conducto Inguinal/cirugía , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ingle/cirugíaRESUMEN
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent type of head and neck cancer and is associated with high mortality, particularly in Southeast Asian countries. Areca nut usage, smoking, and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors for OSCC. Areca nut chewing is highly prevalent in Pakistan and has been attributed to an increase in OSCC cases. This study aimed to determine the association between areca nut usage and various clinicopathological features of OSCC and further evaluate the association of clinicopathological parameters of OSCC with tumor recurrence. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using the data of 228 patients with OSCC resected at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, over 5 years between 2018 and 2022. Clinicopathological data were collected from hospital archives, and associations between various risk factors and clinicopathological parameters were determined. Results: Males were more commonly affected (77.2%), and the most common age group was <50 years (54.4%). Areca nut usage was reported in 59.6% of cases, and the buccal mucosa was the most common site (62.7%). Areca nut usage was significantly associated with male gender, greater tumor size, greater depth of invasion (DOI), higher tumor stage, nodal stage, presence of perineural invasion (PNI), and recurrence. In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that OSCC recurrence was significantly associated with older age, larger tumor size and DOI, nodal metastasis, and areca nut usage. Conclusion: Areca nut-related OSCCs were associated with poor prognosis and recurrence in our study population. Furthermore, OSCC recurrence was associated with various clinicopathological parameters, such as larger tumor size, a higher DOI, and nodal metastasis.
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Areca , Neoplasias de la Boca , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Humanos , Masculino , Areca/efectos adversos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Adulto , Pakistán/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pronóstico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidadRESUMEN
Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is most commonly found on the head and neck. The current global incidence of squamous cell carcinoma at any site is estimated to be more than 1 million cases per year, with a reported 3-year mortality rate of 30%. Recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma at any site is estimated to be 15% to 50% and has been associated with greater rates of infiltration, perineural invasion, and mortality. Recent studies have shown lower-extremity squamous cell carcinoma to be distinct from squamous cell carcinoma at any site with histologic and clinical differences. Lower-extremity squamous cell carcinoma is suggestively less aggressive and carries less risk of metastasis. However, lower-extremity squamous cell carcinoma prevalence, mortality, and recurrence rates have not been extensively studied. The present report depicts a case of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma originating in 2006 in the dorsal forefoot and provides the clinical management of subsequent recurrence episodes, with excisions from 2015 and 2020.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Anciano , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report the demographic profile, clinical presentation, and management outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) treated with primary topical chemotherapy in a limited resource secondary eye care facility in rural parts of South India. METHODS: Retrospective interventional study of 38 eyes of 37 patients with OSSN treated with topical 1% 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), over a period of two years. RESULTS: The median age at presentation with OSSN was 44 years (mean, 46 years; range 13 to 74 years). Majority (76%) were males. The most common morphological variant was placoid OSSN (18, 47%). Limbus was the most common epicenter (31, 82%). Corneal OSSN was the most initially misdiagnosed variant (n = 3). Of the 38 eyes receiving one week on and 3-weeks off cycles of 5FU regimen, complete tumor resolution was achieved in 36 (95%) eyes. The median number of topical 5FU cycles for tumor resolution was 2 (mean, 2; range, 1 to 4). Over a median follow-up period of 5 months (mean, 6 months; range, 1 to 27 months), tumor recurrence was noted in 3 eyes (8%), of which one case had xeroderma pigmentosum with bilateral multifocal recurrence. Complication rate was 5% (n = 2), which included transient conjunctival hyperemia (n = 1), and bacterial keratitis (n = 1) which resolved with fortified antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Primary chemotherapy with topical 1% 5FU is a safe and effective management modality for OSSN at limited resource settings in rural India.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Enfermedades de la Córnea , Fluorouracilo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , India/epidemiología , Anciano , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Enfermedades de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Ojo/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Ojo/terapia , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Población Rural , Soluciones Oftálmicas , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/terapia , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/patología , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/epidemiología , Estudios de SeguimientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dysregulated splicing events are a common phenomenon in cancer with the Serine-arginine-rich splicing factor (SRSF) family emerging as pivotal regulators of gene expression, exerting influence over constitutive and alternative splicing processes. Although aberrations in a few SRSF family members have been implicated in various cancers, the comprehensive roles of other family constituents remain underexplored. METHODS: This study delves into the expression profile of the entire SRSF family (SRSF1-SRSF12) in 23 cancerous cell lines originating from diverse tissues using quantitative Real-Time PCR. Further, the transcript levels of the SRSF family were examined in oral cancer patient samples stratified into Pre-cancer (n = 15), Early cancer (n = 11), Late cancer (n = 14), and adjacent non-tumor tissues (n = 26) as controls. The results were corroborated by a parallel investigation utilizing the transcriptomics data of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients (n = 319) and controls (n = 35) available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS: Our investigation reveals a notable upregulation in the expression levels of key splicing factors, namely SRSF3, SRSF9, and SRSF10 in all oral cancer cell lines (SCC-4, UM-SCC-84, CAL33, SAS-H1). Conversely, no significant associations between SRSF family members and other cancer cell lines were discerned. Further, the expression profile of the SRSF family in oral cancer patient samples revealed significant upregulation of SRSF1, SRSF3, SRSF7, SRSF9, SRSF10, and SRSF11 in patients with late-stage oral cancer compared to controls. Transcriptomics data from TCGA database demonstrated remarkable upregulation of SRSF1, SRSF4, SRSF9, SRSF10, and SRSF11 in OSCC patients. CONCLUSION: Collectively our results underscore the critical involvement of SRSF family members in the context of oral cancer, highlighting their potential as key players in the altered splicing dynamics associated with cancer progression.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias de la Boca , Factores de Empalme Serina-Arginina , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Factores de Empalme Serina-Arginina/genética , Factores de Empalme Serina-Arginina/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Masculino , Empalme Alternativo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Perfilación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate risk factors associated with occult lymph node metastases (ONM) and skip metastasis in early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) patients. Meanwhile, to analyze the contribution of metastatic nodes to survival outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 544 OTSCC patients who were clinically staged T1-T2N0 with pathologic results from May 2018 to January 2024 were enrolled. Those with ONM were divided into subgroups with or without skip metastasis. Clinical, laboratorial, radiological and pathological factors between groups were analyzed by using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis. The association of tumor growth behavior with the metastatic pattern of lymph nodes was summarized. Additionally, disease free survival (DFS) among different groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Tumor growth behavior was associated with ONM. Tumor thickness with a threshold of 6.4 mm was not inferior to histological depth of invasion in predicting ONM. Only 1.3% of patients had nodal involvement of neck level IV or V. The DFS of patients with ONM were significantly reduced than those without ONM (P < 0.001). The DFS between patients with and without skip metastasis exhibited no statistical significance(P = 0.246). The 1-year, 2-year recurrence rates of patients with or without ONM were 31.9%, 37.5%, 10.1% and 14.0%, correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor thickness with a threshold of 6.4 mm could be used as a preoperative predictor for ONM. Elective neck dissection of level I - III might be sufficient for early stage OTSCC patients. OTSCC patients with ONM should be closely observed during the first 2 years after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The risk of ONM in early stage OTSCC patients might be predicted by tumor thickness calculated on MR imaging. Elective neck dissection of level I - III could remove micrometastases timely and effectively.