RESUMEN

Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is one of the common complications of HCC and represents a sign of poor prognosis. PVTT signifies advanced liver cancer, deteriorating liver function, and heightened susceptibility to intrahepatic dissemination, systemic metastasis, and complications related to portal hypertension. It is important to seek novel strategies for PVTT arising from HCC. Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a worse liver function, less treatment tolerance, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the combination of the DeRitis ratio (AST/ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) index (briefly named DALP) in predicting the occurrence risk of PVTT in patients with HCC. We performed a retrospective study enrolling consecutive patients with HCC from January 2017 to December 2020 in Hebei Medical University Third Hospital. ROC analysis was performed to estimate the predictive effectiveness and optimal cut-off value of DALP for PVTT occurrence in patients with HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the survival probabilities in each subgroup according to the risk classification of DALP value. Univariate and multivariate Logistics regression analyses were applied to determine the independent risk for poor prognosis. ROC analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value for DALP was 1.045, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.793 (95% CI 0.697-0.888). Based on the DALP classification (three scores: 0-2) with distinguishable prognoses, patients in the score 0 group had the best prognosis with a 1-year overall survival (OS) of 100%, whereas score 2 patients had the worst prognosis with 1-year OS of 72.4%. Similarly, there was a statistically different recurrence-free survival among the three groups. Besides, this risk classification was also associated with PVTT progression in HCC patients (odds ratio [OR] 5.822, P < 0.0001). Pathologically, patients in the score 2 group had more advanced tumors considering PVTT, extrahepatic metastasis, and ascites than those in score 0, 1 groups. Moreover, patients with a score of 2 had more severe hepatic inflammation than other groups. Combination of DeRitis ratio and ALP index presented a better predictive value for PVTT occurrence in patients with HCC, contributing to the tertiary prevention.

Asunto(s)

Fosfatasa Alcalina , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Vena Porta , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Vena Porta/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pronóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/patología , Trombosis de la Vena/complicaciones , Anciano , Curva ROC , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier

RESUMEN

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sorafenib plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Twelve randomized controlled trials published until 28th Sep 2022 were finally included. Of the total 1746 patients, of whom 458 received sorafenib and TACE treatment (Group S+TACE), and 1288 only underwent TACE (Group TACE), were enrolled. Outcomes including time to progression (TTP), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), survival rate (SR), and adverse reactions, were extracted. The OS (HR: 0.596, 95 %CI: 0.507-0.685, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0 %) and TTP (HR: 0.379, 95 %CI: 0.205-0.553, p < 0.001; I2 = 4.5 %) in the S+TACE group were longer than those in the TACE group. The ORR (RR: 2.101, 95 %CI: 1.555-2.839, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0 %), DCR (RR: 1.547, 95 %CI: 1.126-2.126, p = 0.007; I2 = 79.6 %) and SR (RR: 1.416, 95 %CI: 1.183-1.694, p < 0.001; I2 = 83.8 %) in the S+TACE group were higher than those in the TACE group. Compared with the TCAE group, the higher odds of HFSR, oral ulcer, and diarrhea among patients with HCC complicated by PVTT were discovered in the S+TACE group. The marginal significance was found in ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding between the two groups. Sorafenib plus TACE has good efficacy and mild adverse reactions, which may be worthy of clinical promotion.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolización Terapéutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Vena Porta , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Sorafenib , Trombosis de la Vena , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Sorafenib/administración & dosificación , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Sorafenib/efectos adversos , Humanos , Trombosis de la Vena/terapia , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Terapia Combinada , Tasa de Supervivencia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there is no established therapy for this syndrome. Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural crest tumor (ROHHAD(NET)) is an extremely rare syndrome considered to be life-threatening, with death occurring around 10 years of age. We present the oldest known autopsy case of this syndrome that developed HCC. This case provided important information on not only improving the course of this syndrome, but also understanding the natural history and therapeutic modalities of NASH and HCC. METHODS: The patient was diagnosed with ROHHAD(NET) syndrome in childhood, and liver cirrhosis due to NASH was diagnosed at age 17. HCC was detected at age 20, and embolization and irradiation were performed. At age 21, she died from accidental acute pancreatitis and subsequent liver failure and pulmonary hemorrhage. RESULTS: Rapid onset of obesity, hypoventilation, and hypothalamic disturbance appeared in childhood and was diagnosed as this syndrome. At age 17, liver cirrhosis due to NASH was diagnosed by liver biopsy, and at age 20, HCC was diagnosed by imaging. Transarterial chemoembolization and irradiation were performed, and the HCC was well controlled for a year. CONCLUSION: At age 21, she died from accidental acute pancreatitis, subsequent liver failure and pulmonary hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed that the HCC was mostly necrotized. This case was valuable not only for other ROHHAD(NET) syndrome cases, but also in improving our understanding of the natural history of NASH and HCC.

Asunto(s)

Autopsia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Enfermedades Hipotalámicas , Hipoventilación , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Hipoventilación/etiología , Hipoventilación/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Enfermedades Hipotalámicas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Hipotalámicas/diagnóstico , Obesidad/complicaciones , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/complicaciones , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/patología , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/terapia , Resultado Fatal , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/etiología , Síndrome

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Surgical therapy is the most optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) patients. However, whether to perform bile duct resection (BDR) is still controversial. The purpose of this multicenter research is to compare the effect of BDR on the prognosis of extrahepatic BDTT patients. METHODS: We collected the data of 111 HCC patients combined with extrahepatic BDTT who underwent radical hepatectomy from June 1, 2004 to December 31, 2021. Those patients had either received hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection (BDR group) or hepatectomy without bile duct resection (NBDR group). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce the potential bias between two groups and balance the influence of confounding factors in baseline data. Then compare the prognosis between the two groups of patients. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to further determine the independent risk factors that influence the prognosis of HCC-BDTT patients. RESULTS: There were 38 patients in the BDR group and 73 patients in the NBDR group. Before and after IPTW, there were no statistical significance in OS, RFS and intraoperative median blood loss between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Before IPTW, the median postoperative hospital stay in the NBDR group was shorter (P = 0.046) and the grade of postoperative complications was lower than BDR group (P = 0.014). After IPTW, there was no difference in postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). The complication grade in the NBDR group was still lower than that in the BDR group (P = 0.046). The univariate analysis showed that TNM stage and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) were significantly correlated with OS (both P < 0.05). Preoperative AFP level, TNM stage and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were significantly correlated with postoperative RFS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor TNM stage was an independent risk factor for the OS rate (P = 0.014). TNM stage, PNI and AFP were independent predictors of RFS after radical hepatectomy (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For HCC-BDTT patients, hepatocellular carcinoma resection combined with choledochotomy to remove the tumor thrombus may benefit more.

Asunto(s)

Conductos Biliares Extrahepáticos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatectomía , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Conductos Biliares Extrahepáticos/cirugía , Conductos Biliares Extrahepáticos/patología , Trombosis/cirugía , Trombosis/etiología , Trombosis/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/complicaciones , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/mortalidad , Anciano , Adulto

RESUMEN

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely rare long-term complication of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) which may occur due to long-term venous congestion causing fibrosis, cirrhosis and subsequent hepatocellular dysplasia or anaplasia. This complication is even rarer in paediatric BCS and warrants early diagnosis for a favourable prognosis. Benign regenerative nodules seen with BCS are difficult to differentiate from malignant nodular lesion of HCC, thereby making serial imaging less sensitive for early diagnosis of HCC in BCS. Surveillance guidelines like adults do not exist in monitoring chronic paediatric BCS due to rarity of this complication. Six monthly serum alpha-fetoprotein monitoring in addition to radiological surveillance improves the sensitivity of early detection of HCC transformation in BCS and should be the way ahead in paediatric BCS as well. We describe a paediatric patient who presented with advanced HCC after 25-month follow-up for BCS.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome de Budd-Chiari , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/etiología , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Niño , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is extremely poor. This study investigated whether local ablation-a curative treatment similar to resection-could improve the prognosis of patients with Child-Pugh B/C PVTT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2020 and December 2023, 25 patients with Child-Pugh B/C PVTT HCC were enrolled, and their overall survival with radiofrequency ablation treatment and the associated drivers were investigated. RESULTS: Overall survival (median 282 days) differed between the group treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE, 285 days) and the group without it (159 days, p=0.0151). The median survival in the esophagogastric variceal exacerbation group (120.5 days) was shorter than that in the non-exacerbation group (284.0 days, p=0.00964). In multivariate analysis, concomitant TACE had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.121 (p=0.0097), and the exacerbation of esophagogastric varices had a HR of 6.761 (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Local ablation for PVTT may promote patient survival specifically by inhibiting the exacerbation of portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Vena Porta , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Femenino , Vena Porta/patología , Vena Porta/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Pronóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/mortalidad , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/cirugía , Trombosis de la Vena/terapia , Trombosis de la Vena/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Adulto

RESUMEN

Sarcopenia's impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes is well-documented, but the effects of pre-sarcopenia remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of pre-sarcopenia on tumor response and survival in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We retrospectively evaluated muscle volume using the SliceOmatic software in patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE. Pre-sarcopenia was defined by Japan Society of Hepatology standards (men: 42 cm2/m2; women: 38 cm2/m2). Pre-sarcopenia and non-pre-sarcopenia groups were compared, and Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify survival-influencing variables. Subgroup analysis was conducted stratified by the tumor burden, using serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at a diagnostic cutoff value of 200 ng/mL. Of the 100 patients, 39 had pre-sarcopenia. The presence of pre-sarcopenia was not associated with tumor complete response achievement. The median overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in the pre-sarcopenia group (18 months) than in the non-pre-sarcopenia group (30 months; log-rank P = 0.039). Subgroup analysis among 77 patients with AFP < 200 ng/mL revealed that OS was particularly poor in the pre-sarcopenia group (16 vs. 34 months; log-rank P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified increased AFP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 10-unit increase 1.142; P < 0.001), higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (adjusted HR per 1-unit increase 1.176; P < 0.001), and pre-sarcopenia (adjusted HR 2.965; P < 0.001) as predictors of shorter OS. Pre-sarcopenia is a significant predictor of increased mortality in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing TACE, especially in those with AFP < 200 ng/mL, suggesting its potential as a target for early intervention.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolización Terapéutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Sarcopenia/etiología , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales

RESUMEN

Aims/Background: Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a common complication of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC typically infiltrates intrahepatic vessels, particularly the portal vein, leading to the formation of PVTT, marking advanced-stage HCC and correlating with poor prognosis. PVTT often complicates local treatment strategies such as surgical resection and affects the efficacy of interventions. Combination therapy, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, shows promise in HCC treatment, but management options for HCC patients with PVTT are incompletely characterized. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab + apatinib in treating HCC patients with PVTT. Case Presentation: Two cases of HCC with PVTT were presented. Patient 1, a 51-year-old male with a history of hepatitis B virus, was diagnosed with stage IIIA HCC and treated with camrelizumab + apatinib, achieving complete response (CR) after six cycles. Patient 2, a 50-year-old male with stage IIIA HCC, also underwent the same treatment and achieved CR after four cycles but died due to acute cardiac disease. Results: Our research found that camrelizumab + apatinib effectively shrank the size of filling defects and significantly prolonged patients' progression-free survival. In addition, no adverse effects were observed during the treatment process. However, despite the manageable safety profile demonstrated by combination therapy, further clinical research is needed to validate its long-term efficacy and safety. Conclusion: Camrelizumab + apatinib produced satisfactory efficacy and safety among the HCC patients with PVTT, providing clinical evidence for future treatment.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Vena Porta , Piridinas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Masculino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Vena Porta/patología , Trombosis de la Vena/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Loss of skeletal muscle volume is an important aspect of sarcopenia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated by surgical resection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), or sorafenib. PURPOSE: This study determined the influence of sarcopenia and other laboratory results on survival in patients with HCC treated with TACE plus sorafenib. METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of sarcopenia. The skeletal muscle index was calculated by normalizing the cross-sectional muscle area at the L3 level on an abdominal computed tomography scan before embolization according to the patient's height. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were then compared. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates after treatment were determined. RESULTS: Sarcopenia was present in 75 of the 102 (74%) patients with HCC included in this study. The albumin, prealbumin, and cholinesterase levels were lower in those with sarcopenia. The OS (P = 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.008) were significantly prolonged in the nonsarcopenia group compared to the sarcopenia group. Sarcopenia, ECOG (≥2), and prealbumin (<180 mg/L) were significantly associated with PFS. Sarcopenia, ECOG (≥2), Child-Pugh B, BCLC stage C, prealbumin (<180 mg/L), and cholinesterase (<5,320 U/L) were significantly associated with OS. The prognostic factors for OS included sarcopenia, ECOG (≥2), and cholinesterase (<5,320 U/L), whereas only ECOG (≥2) was identified as a prognostic factor for PFS. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia may be an indicator of poor clinical outcome in patients with HCC receiving TACE plus sorafenib.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolización Terapéutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Sarcopenia , Sorafenib , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Sarcopenia/etiología , Sarcopenia/patología , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Sorafenib/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Femenino , Pronóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Terapia Combinada , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Approximately half of all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop cachexia during the course of the disease. It is important to be able to predict which patients will develop cachexia at an early stage. PURPOSE: To develop and validate a nomogram based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of HCC and body composition for potentially predicting cachexia in patients with HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective two-center study recruited the pretreatment clinical and MRI data of 411 patients with HCC undergoing abdominal MRI. The data were divided into three cohorts for development, internal validation, and external validation. Patients were followed up for six months after the MRI scan to record each patient's weight to diagnose cachexia. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent variables associated with cachexia in the development cohort used to build the nomogram. RESULTS: The multivariable analysis suggested that the MRI parameters of tumor size > 5 cm (P = 0.001), intratumoral artery (P = 0.004), skeletal muscle index (P < 0.001), and subcutaneous fat area (P = 0.004) were independent predictors of cachexia in patients with HCC. The nomogram derived from these parameters in predicting cachexia reached an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.819, 0.783, and 0.814 in the development, and internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed multivariable nomogram suggested good performance in predicting the risk of cachexia in HCC patients.

Asunto(s)

Composición Corporal , Caquexia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Nomogramas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Caquexia/diagnóstico por imagen , Caquexia/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Adulto

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is no report resolving whether microvascular invasion (MVI) affects the prognosis of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of MVI on HCC with PVTT after hepatectomy. METHODS: 362 HCC patients with PVTT were included in this retrospective study. Diagnostic criteria of PVTT in HCC patients were based on typical preoperative radiological features on imaging studies. The log-rank test was utilized to differentiate overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to detect independent factors. RESULTS: PVTT without MVI accounted for 12.2% (n = 44). PVTT without MVI groups was significantly superior to PVTT with MVI groups in OS (the median survival = 27.1 months vs 13.7 months) and RFS (the median survival = 6.4 months vs 4.1 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates (65.5%, 36.8%, 21.7% vs 53.5%, 18.7%, 10.1%, P = .014) and RFS rates (47.0%, 29.7%, 19.2% vs 28.7%, 12.2%, 6.9%, P = .005) were significant different between two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MVI was an independent risk factor for OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.482; P-value = .045) and RFS (HR = 1.601; P-value = .009). CONCLUSIONS: MVI was an independent prognostic factor closely linked to tumor recurrence and poorer clinical outcomes for HCC patients with PVTT after hepatectomy. MVI should be included in current PVTT systems to supplement to the PVTT type.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatectomía , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Invasividad Neoplásica , Vena Porta , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Masculino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vena Porta/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/patología , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología

RESUMEN

Background/Aim: Extreme hyperbilirubinemia is occasionally observed in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. This study examined the etiologies of extreme hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin level ≥12 mg/dL) and the factors associated with the 30-day mortality. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study identified 439 patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia at the Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital between 2016 and 2020. The patients were classified into three groups and 11 diseases according to their etiology. The risk factors associated with 30-day mortality at the baseline were investigated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of 439 patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia, 287, 78, and 74 were in the liver cirrhosis/malignancy group, the ischemic injury group, and the benign hepatobiliary-pancreatic etiological group, respectively, with corresponding 30-day mortality rates of 42.9%, 76.9%, and 17.6%. The most common disease leading to hyperbilirubinemia was a pancreatobiliary malignancy (28.7%), followed by liver cirrhosis (17.3%), hepatocellular carcinoma (10.9%), and liver metastases (8.4%). The etiologies of hyperbilirubinemia, obstructive jaundice, infection, albumin level, creatinine level, and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio were independently associated with the 30-day mortality. Conclusions: This study suggests three etiologies of extreme hyperbilirubinemia in the ICU and non-ICU settings. The prognosis of patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia depends largely on the etiology and the presence of obstructive jaundice.

Asunto(s)

Bilirrubina , Hiperbilirrubinemia , Cirrosis Hepática , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Hiperbilirrubinemia/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Anciano , Factores de Riesgo , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrosis Hepática/mortalidad , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Bilirrubina/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Adulto , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos

RESUMEN

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) reduces portal hypertension complications. Its impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We evaluated 42,843 liver transplant candidates with HCC from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2002-2022). 4,484 patients with and without TIPS were propensity score-matched 1:3. Analysing wait-list changes in total tumor volume, HCC count, and alpha-fetoprotein levels, and assessing survival from listing and transplantation; TIPS correlated with a decreased nodule count (-0.24 vs. 0.04, p = 0.028) over a median wait period of 284 days (IQR 195-493) and better overall survival from listing (95.6% vs. 91.5% at 1 year, p < 0.0001). It was not associated with changes in tumor volume (0.28 vs. 0.11 cm³/month, p = 0.58) and AFP (14.37 vs. 20.67 ng/mL, p = 0.42). Post-transplant survival rates (91.8% vs. 91.7% at 1 year, p = 0.25) and HCC recurrence (5.1% vs. 5.9% at 5 years, p = 0.14) were similar, with a median follow-up of 4.98 years (IQR 2.5-8.08). While TIPS was associated with a reduced nodule count and improved waitlist survival, it did not significantly impact HCC growth or aggressiveness. These findings suggest potential benefits of TIPS in HCC management, but further studies need to confirm TIPS safety.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Trasplante de Hígado , Derivación Portosistémica Intrahepática Transyugular , Listas de Espera , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Listas de Espera/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Puntaje de Propensión , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo , Adulto , Hipertensión Portal/cirugía , Hipertensión Portal/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Sistema de Registros

RESUMEN

Preliminary work has shown that portal hypertension plays a key role for the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Specifically, the presence of ascites appears to be a strong negative predictor for these patients. However, it remains unclear whether different ascites volumes influence prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different ascites volumes on survival for patients with HCC undergoing TACE. A total of 327 treatment-naïve patients with HCC undergoing initial TACE at our tertiary care center between 2010 and 2020 were included. In patients with ascites, the fluid was segmented, and the volume quantified by slice-wise addition using contrast-enhanced CT imaging. Median overall survival (OS) was calculated and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis has been performed. Ascites was present in 102 (31.9%) patients. Ascites volume as continuous variable was significantly associated with an increased hazard ratio in univariate analysis (p < 0.001) and remained an independent predictor of impaired median OS in multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Median OS without ascites was 17.1 months, and therefore significantly longer than in patients with ascites (6.4 months, p < 0.001). When subdivided into groups of low and high ascites volume in relation to the median ascites volume, patients with low ascites volume had a significantly longer median OS (8.6 vs 3.6 months, p < 0.001). Ascites in patients with HCC undergoing TACE is strongly associated with a poor prognosis. Our results show that not only the presence but also the amount of ascites is highly relevant. Therefore, true ascites volume as opportunistic quantitative biomarker is likely to impact clinical decision-making once automated solutions become available.

Asunto(s)

Ascitis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolización Terapéutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Ascitis/terapia , Ascitis/mortalidad , Ascitis/etiología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

RESUMEN

Background: Coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in 5-67% of patients with HIV. HIV weakens the human immune system and leads to various tumors. Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HIV experience poor treatment efficacy and have a short survival period. Approximately 70% of cases of HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages due to the subtle onset of the disease. As a result, most cases are not suits for curative therapy. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line treatment for intermediate-stage HCC and is commonly used to treat unresectable HCC in China. Recent advancements in systemic treatments have significantly enhanced the effectiveness of unresectable HCC treatment. Several previous study showed that combination treatment combination therapy can enhance the efficacy. Notably, studies proposed that TACE combined targeted drugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors results in a high objective response rate and overall survival. However, the novelty of this study lies in its report of a complete response using a triple combination in patients with HIV and HCC with main trunk portal vein tumor thrombus. Case presentation: A 57-year-old woman was diagnosed with HCC with a main trunk portal vein tumor thrombus combined with HIV infection, cirrhosis, and chronic viral hepatitis. She underwent TACE and was administered donafenib and tislelizumab. This triple therapy treatment regimen resulted in a clinical complete response according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Conclusion: We first used TACE combined with donafenib and tislelizumab for HCC patients with main trunk portal vein tumor thrombus and HIV-HBV coinfection and achieved complete response.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolización Terapéutica , Coinfección , Infecciones por VIH , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Vena Porta , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Resultado del Tratamiento , Masculino , Femenino

RESUMEN

Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a life-threatening condition despite improvements in diagnostic methods and established treatment strategies. Although typical clinical presentations of spontaneous ruptured HCC facilitate easy diagnosis, this condition can present with unexpectedly varied symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. We describe an atypical clinical presentation of spontaneous ruptured HCC mimicking an inguinal hernia. A 66-year-old man presented to the emergency department with groin discomfort and swelling, suggesting an inguinal hernia. He had no history of an inguinal hernia or known liver cirrhosis. Physical examination revealed a palpable, tender left groin mass. Point-of-care ultrasonography showed bowel-like structures with an echo-free space in the left groin. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis demonstrated mesenteric fat prolapse and hyperdense fluid in the left inguinal canal and scrotum. Considering the possibility of a strangulated hernia, emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. Unexpectedly, blood retention in the hernia sac was found, with no intestinal involvement. Further exploration revealed a hematoma and tumor on the liver surface. Finally, he was diagnosed with spontaneous ruptured HCC and underwent successful emergency hepatic resection. Spontaneous ruptured HCC can potentially mimic other abdominal conditions such as an inguinal hernia, even in cases of undiagnosed liver cirrhosis. Although unenhanced CT can reveal bloody ascites suggesting hemoperitoneum, the underlying cause should be carefully considered. Emergency physicians should recognize various clinical presentations of spontaneous ruptured HCC to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment of this potentially fatal complication.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hernia Inguinal , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Masculino , Hernia Inguinal/complicaciones , Hernia Inguinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Hernia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Anciano , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Rotura Espontánea , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ultrasonografía , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital

RESUMEN

AIM: Gas gangrene (GG) is a rare severe infection with a very high mortality rate mainly caused by Clostridium species. It develops suddenly, often as a complication of abdominal surgery or liver transplantation. We report a case of GG of the liver occurred after percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation of an hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully treated with percutaneous Radiofrequency ablation (RFA). CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old female patient was treated with MW ablation for a large HCC in the VIII segment; 2 days later she developed fever, weakness, abdominal swelling and was hospitalized with diagnosis of anaerobic liver abscess. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient conditions worsened, and she was moved to the intensive care unit (ICU). Percutaneous drainage was attempted, but was unsuccessful. The surgeon and the anesthesiologist excluded any indication of surgical resection. We performed RFA of the GG by 3 cool-tip needles into the infected area. The procedure was well tolerated by the patient, who left the hospital for follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous RFA could be a valuable therapy of focal GG of the liver in patients refractory to antibiotics and when surgery and OLT are not feasible. A fast and early indication is needed in case of rapid worsening of the patient's conditions.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Gangrena Gaseosa , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Microondas , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia , Humanos , Anciano , Femenino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Microondas/uso terapéutico , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Gangrena Gaseosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Gangrena Gaseosa/terapia , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/cirugía

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: The landscape of treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including immune checkpoint inhibitors, has expanded significantly. However, unresectable HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) continue to face a poor prognosis. This investigation examined the survival outcomes and determinants influencing survival rates in advanced HCC patients with PVTT undergoing treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (ATZ+BEV) or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2003 and June 2023, 48 advanced HCC with PVTT underwent treatment with either ATZ+BEV (16 patients) or HAIC (32 patients). RESULTS: The analysis revealed no significant disparities in overall survival (OS) or treatment efficacy between the ATZ+BEV and HAIC groups (ATZ+BEV: 10.0 months, HAIC: 15.3 months). Treatment with either ATZ+BEV or HAIC resulted in minimal alterations in the ALBI score and preserved hepatic function. Independent prognostic factors for OS, identified via multivariate logistic regression, included serum α-fetoprotein levels >400 ng/ml [hazard ratio (HR)=1.94; p=0.001], the existence of more than five tumors (HR=1.55; p=0.043), and the Child-Pugh score (HR=2.53; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: This investigation revealed no significant variance in OS and response rates between patients receiving ATZ+BEV and those treated with HAIC. The survival of advanced HCC patients with PVTT is intricately linked to the preservation of liver function, emphasizing the necessity for additional research to enhance treatment approaches for this patient population.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Bevacizumab , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Vena Porta , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Bevacizumab/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Vena Porta/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Arteria Hepática , Pronóstico , Adulto

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: We report on a case of locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accompanied by an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVCTT), treated successfully with proton-beam therapy (PBT). CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old male presented with a primary, single HCC with IVCTT, without metastasis to the intrahepatic region, lymph nodes, or distant organs. The clinical staging was identified as T4N0M0 Stage IIIB. The patient's liver function was classified as Child-Pugh class A (score: 6), with a modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade of 2a. The patient had liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nodular tumor measuring 13.2×8.9×9.8 cm across segments 1, 6, 7, and 8, along with IVCTT. The patient received PBT, with a total dose of 72.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) delivered in 22 fractions. Throughout the PBT treatment, the patient experienced no acute toxicities and completed the therapy as planned. Twelve months following PBT, the patient was alive without evidence of local recurrence, lymph node involvement, or distant organ metastasis. The only late toxicity observed was a mild worsening of the mALBI grade. CONCLUSION: We observed a favorable local response with manageable toxicities in a patient with locally advanced HCC and IVCTT treated with PBT. While this is a single case report, our findings suggest that PBT could be considered a viable treatment option for HCC with IVCTT.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Terapia de Protones , Vena Cava Inferior , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/radioterapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vena Cava Inferior/patología , Vena Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado del Tratamiento , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/patología , Trombosis de la Vena/radioterapia , Trombosis de la Vena/terapia

RESUMEN

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality globally. While the acute and often fatal manifestations of locally advanced HCC primarily present within the abdomen, it is crucial to recognize that the respiratory and circulatory systems can also fall victim due to the liver's unique anatomical position within the body. Here, we present the case of a 63-year-old male recently diagnosed with locally advanced HCC with vascular invasion. Shortly after receiving target therapy and focal radiotherapy, the patient developed repeated secondary infections and a persistent diaphragmatic defect. As the necrotic tissue invaded the pleural space, subsequent tumor-to-bronchial and tumor-to-cardiac fistulas emerged, resulting in an abnormal connection between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, leading to massive air emboli in circulation. This report highlights the risk of supradiaphragmatic complications in HCC patients with post-treatment secondary infections, particularly in patients predisposed to developing diaphragmatic defects.

Asunto(s)

Fístula Bronquial , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Fístula Bronquial/etiología , Fístula/etiología , Fístula/complicaciones , Cardiopatías/etiología , Cardiopatías/complicaciones