RESUMEN
Background: The formation of adhesion after tendon injury represents a major obstacle to tendon repair, and currently there is no effective anti-adhesion method in clinical practice. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis can occur in tendon injury and these factors can lead to tendon adhesion. Antioxidant carbon dots and ursolic acid (UA) both possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this experiment, we have for the first time created RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA using red fluorescent carbon dots and UA co-encapsulated liposomes composite hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogel. We found that RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA could better attenuate adhesion formation and enhance tendon healing in tendon injury. Materials and Methods: RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA were prepared and characterized. In vitro experiments on cellular oxidative stress and fibrosis were performed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunofluorescent staining of collagens type I (COL I), collagens type III (COL III), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were used to evaluate anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic abilities. In vivo models of Achilles tendon injury repair (ATI) and flexor digitorum profundus tendon injury repair (FDPI) were established. The major organs and blood biochemical indicators of rats were tested to determine the toxicity of RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA. Biomechanical testing, motor function analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to assess the tendon adhesion and repair after tendon injury. Results: In vitro, the RCDs/UA@Lipo group scavenged excessive ROS, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and reduced the expression of COL I, COL III, and α-SMA. In vivo, assessment results showed that the RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA group improved collagen arrangement and biomechanical properties, reduced tendon adhesion, and promoted motor function after tendon injury. Additionally, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA group increased; the levels of cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), COL III, α-SMA, Vimentin, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) decreased. Conclusion: In this study, the RCDs/UA@Lipo-HAMA alleviated tendon adhesion formation and enhanced tendon healing by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This study provided a novel therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of tendon injury.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Carbono , Hidrogeles , Liposomas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismos de los Tendones , Triterpenos , Ácido Ursólico , Animales , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Liposomas/química , Traumatismos de los Tendones/tratamiento farmacológico , Adherencias Tisulares/tratamiento farmacológico , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Ratas , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Tendón Calcáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Tendón Calcáneo/lesionesRESUMEN
Preserving pulp viability and promoting pulp regeneration in pulpitis have attracted widespread attention. Restricted by the oxidative stress microenvironment of dental pulpitis, excessive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) trigger uncontrolled inflammation and exacerbate pulp tissue destruction. However, modulating redox homeostasis in inflamed pulp tissue to promote pulp regeneration remains a great challenge. Herein, this work proposes an effective antioxidative system (C-NZ/GelMA) consisting of carbon dot nanozymes (C-NZ) with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to modulate the pulpitis microenvironment for dental pulp regeneration by utilizing the antioxidant properties of C-NZ and the mechanical support of an injectable GelMA hydrogel. This system effectively scavenges RONS to normalize intracellular redox homeostasis, relieving oxidative stress damage. Impressively, it can dramatically enhance the polarization of regenerative M2 macrophages. This study revealed that the C-NZ/GelMA hydrogel promoted pulp regeneration and dentin repair through its outstanding antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting that the C-NZ/GelMA hydrogel is highly valuable for pulpitis treatment.
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Antioxidantes , Carbono , Pulpa Dental , Gelatina , Hidrogeles , Estrés Oxidativo , Pulpitis , Regeneración , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Pulpa Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Animales , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Pulpitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Gelatina/química , Gelatina/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Células RAW 264.7 , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , MetacrilatosRESUMEN
Depression is a debilitating mental illness that severely threatens millions of individuals and public health. Because of the multifactorial etiologies, there is currently no cure for depression; thus, it is urgently imperative to find alternative antidepressants and strategies. Growing evidence underscores the prominent role of oxidative stress as key pathological hallmarks of depression, making oxidative stress a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we report a N-doped carbon dot nanozyme (CDzyme) with excellent antioxidant capacity for treating depression by remodeling redox homeostasis and gut microbiota. The CDzymes prepared via microwave-assisted fast polymerization of histidine and glucose exhibit superior biocompatibility. Benefiting from the unique structure, CDzymes can provide abundant electrons, hydrogen atoms, and protons for reducing reactions, as well as catalytic sites to mimic redox enzymes. These mechanisms collaborating endow CDzymes with broad-spectrum antioxidant capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (â¢OH, O2-â¢, H2O2, ONOO-), and oxygen/nitrogen centered free radicals. A depression animal model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CDzymes from the behavioral, physiological, and biochemical index and intestinal flora assessments. CDzymes can remarkably improve depression-like behaviors and key neurotransmitters produced in hippocampus tissues and restore the gut microbiota compositions and the amino acid metabolic functions, proving the potential in treating depression through the intestinal-brain axis system. This study will facilitate the development of intestinal flora dysbiosis nanomedicines and treatment strategies for depression and other oxidative stress related multifactorial diseases.
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Antioxidantes , Carbono , Depresión , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Psicológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/químicaRESUMEN
Microalgae as a promising approach for wastewater treatment, has challenges in directly treating digested piggery wastewater (DPW) with high ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration. To improve the performance of microalgae in DPW treatment, straw was employed as a substrate to form a straw-microalgae biofilm. The results demonstrated that the straw-microalgae biofilm achieved the highest NH4+-N removal rate of 193.2 mg L-1 d-1, which was 28.8 % higher than that of culture system without straw. The final NH4+-N concentration in the effluent met the discharge standard of 5 mg L-1. Furthermore, the total organic carbon (TOC) released from straw facilitated bacterial proliferation and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS and TOC increased the suspension viscosity and surface tension, thereby enhancing the residence time of CO2 in the liquid phase and promoting CO2 fixation. This study presented a novel method for the biological treatment of high-ammonia-nitrogen DPW.
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Amoníaco , Microalgas , Nitrógeno , Aguas Residuales , Purificación del Agua , Microalgas/metabolismo , Aguas Residuales/química , Amoníaco/metabolismo , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Biopelículas , Dióxido de Carbono , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Animales , Biodegradación Ambiental , Carbono/farmacología , PorcinosRESUMEN
Production of functional biocompounds from microalgae has garnered interest from different industrial sectors; however, their overall productivity must be substantially improved for commercialization. Herein, long-term acclimation of Scenedesmus deserticola was conducted using glucose as an organic carbon source to enhance its heterotrophic capabilities and the production potential of loliolide. A year-long acclimation on agar plates led to the selection of S. deserticola HS4, which exhibited at least 2-fold increase in loliolide production potential; S. deserticola HS4 was subjected to further screening of its cultivation conditions and fed-batch cultivation was subsequently performed in liter-scale reactors. While S. deserticola HS4 exhibited shifts in cellular morphology and biochemical composition, the results suggested a substantial increase in its loliolide productivity regardless of trophic modes. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of long-term acclimation as an effective strategy for improving microalgal crops to align with industrial production practices.
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Aclimatación , Carbono , Scenedesmus , Scenedesmus/metabolismo , Carbono/farmacología , Glucosa/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos , Microalgas/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos , BiomasaRESUMEN
This study investigated the molecular mechanism behind the highly efficient performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs)-assisted microbial electrosynthesis systems (MESs). The impact of NCDs (C:N precursor = 1:0.5-1:3) on acetogens was examined in the biocathode. The highest electrocatalytic performance was observed with NCDs1:1. The maximum acetate production rate of 1.9 ± 0.1 mM d-1 was achieved in NCDs1:1-modified MESs, which was 26.7-216.7 % higher than other MESs (0.6-1.5 mM d-1). With NCDs1:1 modified, the biocathode exhibited a 129.3-186.8 % increase in the abundance of Sporomusa, and 38.5-104.6 % increase in cytochrome expression (cydAB, cybH). Transcriptome confirmed that cytochromes played a crucial role in the extracellular electron uptake (EEU) of NCDs1:1-modified Sporomusa. NCDs1:1 enhanced EEU efficiency, thereby increasing the two H+-pumping steps and accelerating microbial CO2 fixation. These results provide valuable insights into increasing CO2 fixation by maximizing EEU efficiency in acetogens.
Asunto(s)
Carbono , Nitrógeno , Carbono/farmacología , Acetatos/metabolismo , Electrones , Electrodos , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Fuentes de Energía Bioeléctrica , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Transporte de ElectrónRESUMEN
The insufficient antioxidant reserves in tumor cells play a critical role in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated therapeutics. Metallothionein-2 (MT-2), an intracellular cysteine-rich protein renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, is intricately involved in tumor development and correlates with a poor prognosis. Consequently, MT-2 emerges as a promising target for tumor therapy. Herein, we present the development of copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) to target MT-2 to compromise the delicate antioxidant reserves in tumor cells. These Cu-CDs with high tumor accumulation and prolonged body retention can effectively suppress tumor growth by inducing oxidative stress. Transcriptome sequencing unveils a significant decrease in MT-2 expression within the in vivo tumor samples. Further mechanical investigations demonstrate that the antitumor effect of Cu-CDs is intricately linked to apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated downregulation of MT-2 expression and the collapse of the antioxidant system. The robust antitumor efficacy of Cu-CDs provides invaluable insights into developing MT-2-targeted nanomedicine for cancer therapies.
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Antioxidantes , Carbono , Cobre , Metalotioneína , Puntos Cuánticos , Metalotioneína/genética , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacología , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ undergoing continuous remodeling initiated by bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Recent research has demonstrated that BMSCs adapt the metabolic pathways to drive the osteogenic differentiation and bone formation, but the mechanism involved remains largely elusive. Here, using a comprehensive targeted metabolome and transcriptome profiling, we revealed that one-carbon metabolism was promoted following osteogenic induction of BMSCs. Methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of one-carbon metabolism that blocks S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) generation, led to decreased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation level and inhibited osteogenic capacity. Increasing intracellular SAM generation through betaine addition rescued the suppressed m6A content and osteogenesis in MTX-treated cells. Using S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to inhibit the m6A level, the osteogenic activity of BMSCs was consequently impeded. We also demonstrated that the pro-osteogenic effect of m6A methylation mediated by one-carbon metabolism could be attributed to HIF-1α and glycolysis pathway. This was supported by the findings that dimethyloxalyl glycine rescued the osteogenic potential in MTX-treated and SAH-treated cells by upregulating HIF-1α and key glycolytic enzymes expression. Importantly, betaine supplementation attenuated MTX-induced m6A methylation decrease and bone loss via promoting the abundance of SAM in rat. Collectively, these results revealed that one-carbon metabolite SAM was a potential promoter in BMSC osteogenesis via the augmentation of m6A methylation, and the cross talk between metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic modification, and transcriptional regulation of BMSCs might provide strategies for bone regeneration.
The bone is a self-renewing tissue that continues to reshape throughout life. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are essential for bone homeostasis as they are capable of osteogenic differentiation. Recent evidence suggests that BMSCs drive the osteogenic differentiation through metabolic reprogramming, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we explored the metabolic alteration following osteogenic induction of BMSCs and found that one-carbon metabolism was obviously promoted in this process. The underlining mechanisms of the osteogenic potential driven by one-carbon metabolism seem to be its contribution on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and consequent glycolysis level by providing methyl donor. We demonstrated that one-carbon metabolism-mediated m6A methylation was a potential promoter in BMSC osteogenesis, and metabolic-epigenetic coupling might provide novel therapeutic targets for bone regeneration.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina , Carbono , Osteogénesis , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , S-Adenosilmetionina , Animales , S-Adenosilmetionina/metabolismo , S-Adenosilmetionina/farmacología , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/farmacología , Adenosina/metabolismo , Metilación/efectos de los fármacos , Carbono/metabolismo , Carbono/farmacología , Ratas , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Masculino , Metotrexato/farmacología , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The selective elimination of cytotoxic ROS while retaining essential ones is pivotal in the management of chronic inflammation. Co-occurring bacterial infection further complicates the conditions, necessitating precision and an efficacious treatment strategy. Herein, the dynamic ROS nanomodulators are rationally constructed through regulating the surface states of herbal carbon dots (CDs) for on-demand inflammation or infection elimination. The phenolic OH containing CDs derived from honeysuckle (HOCD) and dandelion (DACD) demonstrated appropriate redox potentials, ensuring their ability to scavenge cytotoxic ROS such as ·OH and ONOO-, while invalidity toward essential ones such as O2·-, H2O2, and NO. This enables efficient treatment of chronic inflammation without affecting essential ROS signal pathways. The surface C-N/CâN of CDs derived from taxus leaves (TACD) and DACD renders them with suitable band structures, facilitating absorption in the red region and efficient generation of O2·- upon light irradiation for sterilization. Specifically, the facilely prepared DACD demonstrates fascinating dynamic ROS modulating ability, making it highly suitable for addressing concurrent chronic inflammation and infection, such as diabetic wound infection. This dynamic ROS regulation strategy facilitates the realization of the precise and efficient treatment of chronic inflammation and infection with minimal side effects, holding immense potential for clinical practice.
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Carbono , Inflamación , Puntos Cuánticos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Ratones , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Humanos , Células RAW 264.7 , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Nanomaterials with photoresponsivity have garnered attention due to their fluorescence imaging, photodynamic, and photothermal therapeutic properties. In this study, a photoresponsivity nanoassembly was developed by using photosensitizers and carbon dots (CDs). Due to their multiple excitation peaks and multicolor fluorescence emission, especially their membrane-permeating properties, these nanoassemblies can label cells with multiple colors and track cell imaging in real time. Additionally, the incorporation of photosensitizers and CDs provides the nanoassemblies with the potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). The nanoassemblies effectively suppressed the activity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through PDT and PTT. Moreover, the nanoassemblies exhibited a high affinity for E. coli and S. aureus. These distinct features confer broad-spectrum antibacterial properties to the nanoassemblies. As a photoresponsivity nanoplatform, these nanoassemblies have demonstrated potential applications in the fields of bioimaging and antimicrobial.
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Antibacterianos , Materiales Biocompatibles , Escherichia coli , Ensayo de Materiales , Tamaño de la Partícula , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Humanos , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Nanoestructuras/química , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Imagen Óptica , Fotoquimioterapia , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) could offer a sustainable alternative to traditional aerobic methods in brewery wastewater (BWW) treatment. This study compared MBGS with conventional activated sludge (AS) in treating real BWW and highlighted its advantages and challenges. MBGS achieved comparable chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency (93%) compared to AS (89%). Additionally, MBGS exhibited higher phosphate removal capabilities than AS. Extra nitrogen was added to influent to balance C/N ratio of BWW. MBGS was robust in handling C/N ratio fluctuations with an 82% total nitrogen removal efficiency. Metagenomic analysis further indicated that most of the genes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism were up-regulated in MBGS compared to AS. Despite changes in the microbial community and settling ability due to high starch and sugar content in BWW, MBGS demonstrated high efficiency and sustainability. Further research should optimize MBGS operation strategies to fully realize its potential for sustainable BWW treatment.
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Bacterias , Microalgas , Nitrógeno , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Aguas Residuales , Microalgas/metabolismo , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Aguas Residuales/química , Bacterias/metabolismo , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Fósforo , Carbono/farmacología , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Cerveza , Fosfatos , Reactores BiológicosRESUMEN
To elucidate the mechanism of biochar addition on carbon and nitrogen retention during distilled grain (DGW) composting, this study investigated the losses of carbon and nitrogen and functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolisms between biochar-treated and control composts. The addition of biochar significantly increased carbon and nitrogen retention by 13.5% and 33.8%, respectively. The difference in core carbon metabolism genes indicated that biochar addition inhibited CO2 release and promoted carbon fixation during the later composting phase, leading to improved carbon retention. Nitrogen metabolism analysis indicated that biochar addition suppressed early-phase ammoniation and late-phase denitrification and promoted nitrification and ammonia assimilation during the later stages of composting, thereby preserving nitrogen. During the later composting phase, biochar addition enhanced carbon-nitrogen coupling metabolism activity, leading to the synchronous retention of carbon and nitrogen. These findings elucidate the mechanism of biochar addition on carbon and nitrogen retention during DGW composting.
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Carbono , Carbón Orgánico , Compostaje , Nitrógeno , Carbono/farmacología , Carbón Orgánico/química , Carbón Orgánico/farmacología , Compostaje/métodos , Metagenómica/métodos , Grano Comestible/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
Diabetic wound treatment continues to be a significant clinical issue due to higher levels of oxidative stress, susceptibility to bacterial infections, and chronic inflammatory responses during healing. We rationally developed and synthesized an ultra-small carbon dots (C-dots) loaded with zinc single-atom nanozyme (Zn/C-dots) with the aim of promoting wounds healing by nanocatalytic treatment, especially targeting its complex pathological microenvironment. Zinc single atoms and C-dots form a dual catalytic system with higher enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the Zn/C-dots nanozyme effectively enters cells, accumulates at mitochondria, and removes excess ROS, protecting cells from oxidative stress damage and limiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hence reducing inflammation. Zinc can synergistically increase the antibacterial action of C-dots (the effective antibacterial rate of 100 µg/mL Zn/C-dots was above 90 %). Unlike traditional C-dots, Zn/C-dots can cause endothelial cell migration and the formation of new blood vessels. In vitro cytotoxicity, blood compatibility, and in vivo toxicity studies of Zn/C-dots show that they are biocompatible. We subsequently utilized the Zn/C-dots nanozymes to treat diabetic rats' chronic wounds for external use, combining them with ROS-responsive hydrogels to create an antioxidative system (H-Zn/C-dots). The hydrogels anchored the Zn/C-dots nanozymes to the wound, allowing for long-term treatment. The results revealed that H-Zn/C-dots can considerably reduce inflammation, accelerate angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and promote tissue remodeling at the diabetic wound site. After 14 days, the wound area had decreased to approximately 9.19 %, making it a potential treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An ultra-small carbon dot with a zinc single-atom nanozyme was designed and manufactured. Zn/C-dots possess antibacterial, ROS-scavenging, and angiogenesis activities. In vivo, the multifunctional ROS-responsive hydrogel incorporating Zn/C-dots could speed up diabetic wound healing.
Asunto(s)
Carbono , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Cicatrización de Heridas , Zinc , Animales , Zinc/química , Zinc/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Humanos , Catálisis , Masculino , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/uso terapéutico , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
The development of new microbicidal compounds has become a top priority due to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. In this study, blue-emitting and positively charged carbon dots (CDs), called Du-CDs, were fabricated for the first time utilizing the natural product extract of endophyte Diaporthe unshiuensis YSP3 as raw material through a one-step solvothermal method, which possessed varied functional groups including amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfite groups. Interestingly, Du-CDs exhibited notably enhanced antimicrobial activities toward both bacteria and fungi as compared to the natural product extract of YSP3, with low minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, Du-CDs significantly inhibited the formation of biofilms. Du-CDs bound with the microbial cell surface via electronic interaction or hydrophobic interaction entered the microbial cells and were distributed fully inside the cells. Du-CDs caused cell membrane damage and/or cell division cycle interruption, resulting in microbial cell death. Moreover, Du-CDs exhibited an improved antimicrobial effect and accelerated wound healing ability with good biocompatibility in the mouse model. Overall, we demonstrate that the formation of CDs from fungal natural products presents a promising and potential means to develop novel antimicrobial agents with great fluorescence, improved microbiocidal effect and wound healing capacity, and good biosafety for combating microbial infections.
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Productos Biológicos , Carbono , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Animales , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/química , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Ratones , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Ascomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study investigated the performance of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) in the restoration of Qingling Lake and Huangjia Lake, focusing on nitrogen removal under varying water quality conditions. Significant color changes in MBGS and differences in granule characteristics were observed, with Qingling Lake demonstrating superior removal efficiencies for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total nitrogen compared to Huangjia Lake. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios were less than 20 mg/L and 20, respectively, assimilatory nitrate reduction was positively correlated with both, whereas denitrification was negatively correlated. Gene function analysis showed that Qingling Lake had a more active microbial community supporting efficient nitrogen metabolism. The findings highlighted the enormous potential of MBGS in lake restoration, demonstrating its ability to adapt to different COD concentrations and C/N ratios by altering its nitrogen removal pathways.
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Bacterias , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno , Carbono , Lagos , Microalgas , Nitrógeno , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Lagos/microbiología , Carbono/farmacología , Microalgas/metabolismo , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Desnitrificación , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Biodegradación AmbientalRESUMEN
Herein, luminous blue carbon quantum dots (CDs) employing Anisomeles indica (Catmint) were reported with imaging, self-targeting, and therapeutic effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, MDA-MB-231) cells. The salient features of CDs generated from catmint are as follows: i) optical studies confirm CDs with excitation-dependent emission; ii) high-throughput characterization authenticates the formation of CDs with near-spherical shape with diameter ranging between 5 and 15 nm; iii) CDs induce cytotoxicity (3.22 ± 0.64 µg/ml) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, MDA-MB-231) cells; iv) fluorescence microscopy demonstrates that CDs promote apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential; v) CDs significantly up-regulate pro-apoptotic gene expression levels such as caspases-8/9/3. Finally, our work demonstrates that catmint-derived CDs are prospective nanotheranostics that augment cancer targeting and imaging.
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Apoptosis , Carbono , Puntos Cuánticos , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Lamiaceae/química , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/químicaRESUMEN
This research evaluated a microalgae consortium (MC) in a pilot-scale tubular photobioreactor for municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment, compared with an aeration column photobioreactor. Transitioning from suspended MC to a microalgae-microbial biofilm (MMBF) maintained treatment performance despite increasing influent from 50 L to 150 L in a 260 L system. Carbon and nitrogen removal were effective, but phosphorus removal varied due to biofilm shading and the absence of phosphorus-accumulating organisms. High influent flow caused MMBF detachment due to shear stress. Stabilizing and re-establishing the MMBF showed that a stable phycosphere influenced microbial diversity and interactions, potentially destabilizing the MMBF. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria were crucial for MC equilibrium. Elevated gene expression related to nitrogen fixation, organic nitrogen metabolism, and nitrate reduction confirmed strong microalgal symbiosis, highlighting MMBF's treatment potential. This study supports the practical application of microalgae in wastewater treatment.
Asunto(s)
Biopelículas , Desnitrificación , Procesos Heterotróficos , Microalgas , Nitrógeno , Fotobiorreactores , Aguas Residuales , Microalgas/metabolismo , Aguas Residuales/microbiología , Fotobiorreactores/microbiología , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Fósforo , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Aerobiosis , Carbono/metabolismo , Carbono/farmacología , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing and becoming an urgent global health crisis. The discovery and development of novel antibacterial agents to combat MDR are highly desirable. Here, we report the fabrication of cerium-doped carbon dots (CeCDs) with a simple hydrothermal method, which exhibit intrinsic broad efficacy against MDR bacteria including clinical isolates while maintaining low cytotoxicity and hemolytic effects. Importantly, the antibacterial activity of CeCDs is dramatically improved owing to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon white light irradiation. Comprehensive analyses revealed that the CeCDs can penetrate the bacterial wall, disrupt the cell membrane, and prevent the biofilm formation, possibly hindering the bacterial resistance development. And the interaction of CeCDs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may contribute to the higher activity against Gram-negative bacteria strains. The treatment of CeCDs in a murine skin infection model can significantly reduce the number of bacteria on infected sites and accelerate wound healing by irradiation with light. Overall, CeCDs show great promise as low-cost and efficient antibacterial agents for chronic wounds and may be served as a powerful weapon to fight against the growing threat of MDR bacterial infection.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Carbono , Cerio , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Luz , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Cerio/química , Cerio/farmacología , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Animales , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Ratones , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Tamaño de la Partícula , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Bacterial infection has become the second leading cause of death in the world. Exploring a new highly antibacterial catalyst to replace traditional antibacterial agent is crucial for the society development of human beings. In this study, CuFe2O4/Lg-based carbon composited catalysts were rationally constructed by facile hydrothermal method. Lignin-derived carbon with enormous oxygen-containing functional group was beneficial to anchor CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. The close contact interface between CuFe2O4 and Lignin-based carbon material was expected to extend the range of optical absorption and promote the separation and transportation of photogenerated carriers. Under NIR (980 nm, 1.5 W/cm2) light irradiation, the as-prepared CuFe2O4/Lg (20 µg/mL) exhibited excellent photo/photothermal synergetic in vitro (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and in vivo (against Staphylococcus aureus-infected mouse wound model) antibacterial performance. Furthermore, the cell count assay kit 8 (CCK-8 kit) demonstrated the good biocompatibility of this material. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible antibacterial mechanism based on the synergetic photothermal and photodynamic therapies was proposed. This work presented a lignin- derived carbon-based highly efficient antibacterial disinfection agent with desirable biosafety.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Carbono , Cobre , Escherichia coli , Lignina , Fotoquimioterapia , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Lignina/química , Lignina/farmacología , Animales , Carbono/química , Carbono/farmacología , Ratones , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Terapia Fototérmica/métodosRESUMEN
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents the use of many drugs for the treatment of neurological disorders. Recently, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers to cross BBB. The primary focus of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of NCDs for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we developed and characterized NCDs bound to rutin, a flavonoid with known benefits for AD. Despite its benefits, the transportation of rutin via NCDs for AD therapy has not been explored previously. We characterized the particles using FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy followed by atomic force microscopy. Once the design was optimized and validated, we performed in vivo testing via a hemolytic assay to optimize the dosage. Preliminary in vitro testing was performed in AlCl3-induced rat models of AD whereby a single dose of 10 mg/kg NCDs-rutin was administered intraperitoneally. Interestingly, this single dose of 10 mg/kg NCDs-rutin produced the same behavioral effects as 50 mg/kg rutin administered intraperitoneally for 1 month. Similarly, histological and biomarker profiles (SOD2 and TLR4) also presented significant protective effects of NCDs-rutin against neuronal loss, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hence, NCDs-rutin are a promising approach for the treatment of neurological diseases.