RESUMEN
Refugees usually face a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases. Recently, Brazil has experienced an influx of refugees which demands the need for scaling up public health efforts to address the challenges. The research sought to study the burden and risk factors associated with infectious diseases among refugees received in the city of Porto Alegre. This was a cross-sectional study of 261 newly arrived refugees. The study sample was predominantly composed of Venezuelans (50.6%) and Haitians (44%), male (146: 56.7%), single (30.7%), with an average age of 33.38 (± 7.30) years. The average schooling was 10.42 (± 2.09) years. Diseases with the highest prevalence were influenza, whooping cough, diphtheria, and tuberculosis. There was significant association between the country of origin and presence of symptoms for infectious and contagious diseases, which warrants targeted interventions for reducing the incidence of these diseases among refugees in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles , Difteria , Gripe Humana , Refugiados , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Refugiados/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Femenino , Brasil/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Difteria/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & control , Prevalencia , Campos de Refugiados , Persona de Mediana Edad , Haití/epidemiología , Haití/etnología , Costo de Enfermedad , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Em 2020, o mundo enfrentou uma grave emergência de saúde pública devido à pandemia de COVID-19, que impactou significativamente a mobilidade humana e a vida cotidiana de milhares de imigrantes ao redor do mundo. Este artigo fez uso de entrevistas online e por telefone com imigrantes que chegaram ao Brasil a partir de 2016, para identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas durante a pandemia. Foi realizada uma análise transversal das entrevistas com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti 9, usando a técnica sistemática de categorização iterativa. Com base em uma perspectiva sociocultural em psicologia, o artigo introduz os impactos iniciais da pandemia em diferentes esferas da vida cotidiana desses imigrantes e apresenta as estratégias mobilizadas para restaurar continuidades funcionais e relacionais em um momento no qual as rupturas provocadas pela migração e pela pandemia se sobrepõem. Entre outros, podese identificar como os entrevistados ativaram rapidamente as redes sociais locais e transnacionais virtualmente, mobilizando competências e habilidades aprendidas durante a migração.(AU)
In 2020, the world faced a serious public health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly impacted human mobility and the daily lives of thousands of immigrants around the world. This article uses online and telephone interviews conducted with migrants who arrived in Brazil in 2016, to identify coping strategies employed during the pandemic. A transversal analysis of all interviews was conducted with the aid of the software Atlas.ti 9, using a systematic approach of iterative categorization. From a sociocultural perspective in psychology, the article introduces the initial impacts of the pandemic in different spheres of everyday life of these immigrants. With this everyday context, we present the strategies mobilized by immigrants to restore functional and relational continuities at a moment in which the ruptures caused by migration and the pandemic overlap. In particular, we identify how interviewees rapidly activated local and transnational social networks virtually, mobilizing skills learnt during migration.(AU)
En 2020, el mundo se enfrentó a un grave estado de emergencia en salud pública debido a la pandemia del COVID-19, que impactó significativamente la movilidad humana y la vida cotidiana de miles de inmigrantes en todo el mundo. Este artículo realizó entrevistas en línea y por teléfono con inmigrantes quienes llegaron a Brasil a partir de 2016, con el fin de identificar sus estrategias de afrontamiento adoptadas durante la pandemia. Se realizó un análisis transversal de las entrevistas con la ayuda del software Atlas.ti 9, utilizando la técnica sistemática de categorización iterativa. Desde una perspectiva sociocultural en Psicología, este artículo expone los impactos iniciales de la pandemia en diferentes ámbitos de la vida cotidiana de estos inmigrantes y presenta las estrategias movilizadas para restaurar las continuidades funcionales y relacionales en un momento en que se superponen las rupturas causadas por la migración y la pandemia. Entre otros aspectos, se puede identificar cómo los entrevistados activaron virtualmente las redes sociales locales y transnacionales movilizando habilidades y destrezas aprendidas durante la migración.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adaptación Psicológica , Características Culturales , Emigración e Inmigración , COVID-19 , Ansiedad , Aptitud , Política , Psicología , Psicología Social , Política Pública , Calidad de Vida , Refugiados , Seguridad , Salarios y Beneficios , Cambio Social , Deseabilidad Social , Aislamiento Social , Movilidad Social , Problemas Sociales , Ciencias Sociales , Servicio Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Desempleo , Virus , Conducta y Mecanismos de Conducta , Brasil , Movilidad Laboral , Desarrollo Económico , Cuarentena , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Composición Familiar , Trastornos de Adaptación , Higiene , Salud Mental , Brotes de Enfermedades , Mortalidad , Inmunización , Crecimiento Demográfico , Precauciones Universales , Competencia Clínica , Lugar de Trabajo , Entrevista , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Notificación de Enfermedades , Campos de Refugiados , Enfermedades Endémicas , Habilitación Profesional , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría) , Síntomas Afectivos , Cultura , Terrorismo , Capitalismo , Internacionalidad , Desastres , Economía , Empleo , Medio Ambiente y Salud Pública , Mercado de Trabajo , Ética , Distribución de Productos , Competencia Cultural , Resiliencia Psicológica , Miedo , Recesión Económica , Políticas , Remuneración , Predicción , Organizaciones Religiosas , Expresión de Preocupación , Derecho a Buscar Asilo , Respeto , Distrés Psicológico , Modelo Transteórico , Distanciamiento Físico , Inseguridad Alimentaria , Vulnerabilidad Social , Operaciones en Desastres , Desarrollo Humano , Derechos Humanos , Renta , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Aprendizaje , Actividades Recreativas , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , SoledadRESUMEN
O trabalho é uma reflexão crítica sobre uma intervenção realizada no Centro Nocturno (Albergue) do Programa de Atención a Personas en Situación de Calle (PASC), do Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (MIDES, Uruguai) que visa à reinserção sociocultural/laboral dos usuários. Trabalhou-se com a equipe do albergue (coordenador, técnicos e educadores), a partir de uma demanda da Coordenação do Albergue ao Departamento de Fotolinguagem da Asociación de Psicopatología y Psiquiatría de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (APPIA). A metodologia combinou Fotolinguagem, Palavra e Psicodrama. O discurso dos participantes foi analisado salvaguardando a identidade dos participantes. Surgiram elementos que colocavam em risco a saúde ocupacional. Estes resultavam de uma tarefa altamente exigente, com insuficientes antecedentes e recursos disponíveis no sistema institucional. Trata-se de um trabalho pioneiro que exige a convivência com o erro em situações extremas. Foi observado um aumento da autoconfiança para desbravar um território desafiador. Foi valorizado o ato de fazer, de transcender e de criar saberes, assim como o conhecimento que surge da experiência para contribuir e trocar ideias com outras instituições e melhorar assim os programas de intervenção.
This work is a critical reflection on an intervention carried out at a night shelter of the Homeless Assistance Program (PASC), under the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES), aimed at the socio-cultural/labour reintegration of the users. The intervention was carried out with the work team (coordinator, technicians and educators) upon request of the Coordinator to the Photolanguage Department of the Uruguayan Association of Psychopathology and Psychiatry of Children and Adolescents (APPIA). The methodology articulated Photolanguage, words and Psychodrama. The discourse of the participants was analyzed without disclosing their identities. There were working conditions that jeopardized their occupational health; they involved a very demanding job combined with a lack of background and resources in the institutional system. It is a pioneering work that requires coping with error in extreme situations. Participants experienced an increase in their self-confidence which was necessary to open new pathways in a challenging territory. Participants placed value on hands-on experience, on going beyond what was already accomplished by creating new knowledge that can contribute to enhance the interaction with other professionals and institutions to improve future programs.
El trabajo es una reflexión crítica sobre una intervención en un Centro Nocturno (Refugio) del Programa de Atención a Personas en Situación de Calle (PASC) del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (MIDES), cuyo objetivo es la reinserción socio-cultural/laboral de los usuarios. Se trabajó con el equipo del Centro (coordinador, técnicos y educadores) por demanda de la Coordinación del Centro al Departamento de Fotolenguaje de la Asociación de Psicopatología y Psiquiatría de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (APPIA). La metodología articuló Fotolenguaje, Palabra y Psicodrama. Se analizó el discurso de los participantes salvaguardando la identidad de los mismos. Surgieron elementos que ponen en riesgo la salud laboral, y que se generaron por tarea altamente exigente con escasos antecedentes y recursos disponibles en el sistema institucional. Es un trabajo pionero que exige la convivencia con el error en situaciones límites. Se observó un aumento de la auto-confianza para abrir caminos en un terreno desafiante. Se valora el hacer, trascender y crear saberes, así como el conocimiento que surge de la experiencia para intercambiar con otras instituciones para mejorar los programas de intervención.
Asunto(s)
Psicodrama , Cambio Social , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Campos de Refugiados , Refugio , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Procesos de GrupoRESUMEN
Objetivo: Descrever o surto de varicela entre imigrantes venezuelanos em abrigos e ocupações nos municípios de Pacaraima e Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil, e as medidas de controle implementadas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo 'série de casos', realizado entre 21 de novembro e 13 de dezembro de 2019, sobre banco de dados secundários da investigação do surto disponibilizado pela Coordenação-Geral do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Na análise descritiva, utilizaram-se medidas de frequência simples e relativa e foram calculadas medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Resultados: Dos 9.591 imigrantes, detectaram-se 38 casos ativos e 1.459 suscetíveis à varicela. Dos casos ativos, 23 eram do sexo feminino e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de menores de 9 anos (17 casos). Conclusão: Identificaram-se pessoas suscetíveis a varicela na investigação; foram adotadas ações de imunização que controlaram a transmissão, evitando casos graves, óbitos e sobrecarga da rede de assistência à saúde local.
Objetivo: Describir el brote de varicela entre inmigrantes venezolanos en albergues y ocupaciones en los municipios de Pacaraima y Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil, y las medidas de control implementadas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo del tipo "serie de casos", entre el 21 de noviembre y 13 de diciembre de 2019, utilizando datos secundarios de la investigación del brote, puesto a disposición por la Coordinación General del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones. En el análisis descriptivo, se utilizaron medidas de frecuencia simple y relativa y se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: Entre los 9.591 inmigrantes se detectaron 38 casos activos y 1.500 susceptibles a la varicela. Entre los casos activos, 23 fueron mujeres y el grupo de edad más afectado fue de menores de 9 años (17 casos). Conclusión: Se identificaron personas susceptibles a la varicela, lo que llevó a adopción de acciones de inmunización que controlaran la transmisión, previniendo casos graves, muertes y sobrecarga de la red local de atención.
Objective: To describe chickenpox outbreak among Venezuelan immigrants in shelters and occupancies in the municipalities of Pacaraima and Boa Vista, the state capital of Roraima, Brazil, and the control measures implemented. Methods: This was a descriptive case series study, conducted between November 21 and December 13, 2019, based on secondary database obtained from the outbreak investigation made available by the General Coordination for the National Immunization Program. Descriptive analysis was performed using simple and relative frequency measurements, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated. Results: Of the 9,591 immigrants, 38 active cases and 1,459 susceptible to varicella were identified. With regard to active cases, 23 were female, and those aged under 9 years (17 cases) were the most affected. Conclusion: People susceptible to chickenpox were identified during the investigation. Immunization actions aimed at reducing transmission were adopted, thus preventing severe cases, deaths and overload in local health care system.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Varicela/prevención & control , Varicela/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Venezuela/etnología , Brasil , Inmunización , Vacunación , Campos de RefugiadosRESUMEN
Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) infections by enteric pathogens are the second-leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age (≤5 years). While GI pathogen exposure in households has been rigorously examined, there is little data about young children's exposure in public domains. Moreover, public areas in low-income settings are often used for other waste disposal practices in addition to human feces, such as trash dumping in areas near households. If young children play in public domains, they might be exposed to interrelated and highly concentrated microbial, chemical, and physical hazards. This study performed structured observations at 36 public areas in an internally displaced persons community that has transitioned into a formal settlement in Haiti. We documented how often young children played in public areas and quantified behaviors that might lead to illness and injury. Children ≤5 years played at all public sites, which included infants who played at 47% of sites. Children touched and mouthed plastic, metal and glass trash, food and other objects from the ground, ate soil (geophagia) and drank surface water. They also touched latrines, animals, animal feces and open drainage canals. Hand-to-mouth contact was one of the most common behaviors observed and the rate of contact significantly differed among developmental stages (infants: 18/h, toddlers: 11/h and young children: 9/h), providing evidence that children could ingest trace amounts of animal/human feces on hands that may contain GI pathogens. These findings demonstrate that water, sanitation and hygiene interventions could be more effective if they consider exposure risks to feces in public domains. Furthermore, this research highlights the need for waste-related interventions to address the broader set of civil conditions that create unsafe, toxic and contaminated public environments where young children play.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Infantil , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Animales , Salud Infantil , Preescolar , Diarrea/etiología , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/etiología , Haití , Humanos , Higiene , Lactante , Masculino , Juego e Implementos de Juego/lesiones , Juego e Implementos de Juego/psicología , Campos de Refugiados , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Saneamiento , Calidad del AguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Haiti's 2010 earthquake devastated social, health, and economic infrastructure and left 2 million persons homeless. Over 6 years later 61,000 people remain displaced, most lacking protection, services, and durable solutions. Structural contexts elevate risks of gender-based violence (GBV) targeting internally displaced (ID) girls and women. OBJECTIVE: We used an intersectionality framework to explore lived experiences and understanding of violence among ID young men and women in Leogane, Haiti. METHODS: We conducted six focus groups, three with ID young women (n = 30) and three with ID young men (n = 30) aged 18-24 years, and 11 in-depth individual interviews with frontline workers in Leogane. Focus groups and interviews were conducted in Kreyol, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analyzed using narrative thematic techniques. RESULTS: Findings revealed violence experienced by ID youth was (re)produced at the intersection of gender, poverty, displacement, and age. Multi-level forms of violence included structural (e.g. poverty), community (e.g. gender norms, and interpersonal (e.g. family expectations) dimensions. Coping strategies spanned intrapersonal (hope), community (social support), and structural (employment/education) dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to reduce violence should be tailored to address the social inequities that emerge at the intersection of youth, poverty, displacement, and hegemonic gender norms.
Asunto(s)
Violencia , Adolescente , Terremotos , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Violencia de Género/psicología , Haití , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Pobreza , Campos de Refugiados , Seguridad , Violencia/psicología , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Candidiasis/epidemiología , Campos de Refugiados , España , África del Norte/epidemiología , Niño AcogidoRESUMEN
Ethiopia has been receiving refugees for a long time; Kenya , Djibouti , Eritrea , Somalia in 1988, Sudan in 1984 until today from their distant countries of origin. One third of the world population is infected TB. It will cost at least, 35 millions of human lives. In sub-Saharan Africa , every year, more than 1, 5 million of TB cases are reported. At the same time, sickness and death\s because of TB worsen poverty in many communities. TB is a very important cause of death among HIV infected people. One third of the HIV infected people end up with TB. Progresses in the fight against TB are still insufficient in Africa , according to The WHO; this continent represents a 24 percent of the newly reported cases at a world level. One of the causes must be the insufficient financing of the programs of fight against the disease that killed almost 1, 7 millions people in the world in 2004(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Refugiados , Campos de RefugiadosAsunto(s)
Humanos , Organizaciones , Agencias Voluntarias de Salud/organización & administración , Médicos/tendencias , Atención a la Salud/tendencias , Atención Primaria de Salud , Sistemas de Socorro/organización & administración , Argentina , Guerra , Cooperación Internacional , Planes y Programas de Salud , Refugiados , Oceánicos , Atención a la Salud/métodos , Conducta Cooperativa , Organizaciones de Planificación y Atención en Desastres , Campos de RefugiadosAsunto(s)
Telecomunicaciones , Transportes , Efectos de Desastres en la Salud , Salud Ambiental , Campos de Refugiados , Asistencia Internacional en Desastres , Equipos y Suministros en Desastres , Desastres Naturales , Alimentación de Emergencia , Atención de Heridos en Masa , Salud Pública , Monitoreo EpidemiológicoRESUMEN
Adopta criterios para cuantificar la población en alberges públicos y/o precarios para trasladarlos por razones de necesidad de dichos edificios, a campos de refugiados. Realiza una evaluación en las zonas de: Godoy Cruz, Las Heras y Maypu; considerando sus necesidades sanitarias básicas. Incluye una propuesta de ayuda concerniente en grupos sanitarios para campamentos, cocinas y comedores. Adjunta los costos y presupuestos de los mismos