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1.
Viruses ; 15(9)2023 09 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37766330

RESUMEN

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought about significant challenges worldwide. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the genomic epidemiology and lineage dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria over a three-year period. Through extensive genomic sequencing and data analysis, we investigated the evolution of the virus, the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), and their impact on the country's pandemic trajectory. We also assessed the relationship between viral diversity and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria. Our findings shed light on the temporal and spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and provide crucial insights into the dynamics of the pandemic in the country. The interplay between international travel and viral transmission plays a significant role in the emergence and dissemination of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The observed proportions of exportation to various continents provide insights into the potential pathways through which these lineages spread globally. Understanding the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria is essential for formulating targeted public health strategies, enhancing vaccination efforts, and effectively managing future outbreaks.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Pandemias , Bulgaria/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Genómica
2.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 26(1): 102329, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35176255

RESUMEN

It is debatable whether HIV-infected patients are at greater risk for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection compared with healthy subjects. The reported anti-HEV seroprevalence among different groups in Bulgaria varied from 9.04% to 25.9%, but the information regarding the HIV population is still missing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate hepatitis E seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients in Bulgaria and to analyze demographic and immunological factors associated with HEV infection. Serum samples of 312 HIV-infected patients were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, residence and laboratory markers for HEV, HBV, HCV and HIV infection, and lymphocytes subpopulations were collected for all patients. None of the tested samples were positive for HEV RNA. HEV seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients was 10.9%. Males were more affected with the highest prevalence of positivity in the age group > 30 to ≤ 40 years. The documented HIV transmission routes in HIV/HEV co-infected group were heterosexual, homosexual, intravenous drug use (IDU), and vertical with predominace of the heterosexual route (z = 0.2; p = 0.804). There was a statistically significant trend of HIV mixed infection with routes of HIV transmission other than homosexual - heterosexual in HIV/HEV group and injection drug use in HIV/HBV/HCV co-infected group. The route of HIV transmission, in contexts of patients' behavior, was associated with HEV prevalence among HIV-infected patients.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Virus de la Hepatitis E , Hepatitis E , Adulto , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis , Hepatitis E/complicaciones , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos
3.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-785233

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and fracture history in nursing home residents and community-dwelling elderly subjects and to explore the association of vitamin D levels with various characteristics. Materials and methods Sixty-six nursing home residents and 139 community-dwelling elderly subjects participated. Marital status, medical history, medication including vitamin D supplements, smoking, past fractures were assessed. Weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), PTH, Ca, phosphate, creatinine and eGFR were determined. Results In the nursing home residents 25-OHD was lower (17.8 nmol/l, [9.4-28.6] vs. 36.7 nmol/l, [26.9-50], p < 0.001), PTH was higher (5.6 pmol/l, [3.9-8.9] vs. 4.7 pmol/l [3.6-5.8], P = 0.003) and 25-OHD deficiency was more prevalent (65.2% [53.7-76.7] vs. 22.3% [15.4-29.2], p < 0.001) as was elevated PTH (23% [12.8-33] vs. 5.8% [2-10], p = 0.001). 25-OHD correlated negatively with PTH (institutionalized r = -0.28, p = 0.025 and community-dwelling r = -0.36, p < 0.001). Hip fractures were reported by 8% of the residents and 2% of the independent elderly. The only predictor for hip fracture was elevated PTH (OR = 7.6 (1.5-36.9), p = 0.013). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism was high in the institutionalized subjects. Hip fracture risk was associated with elevated PTH and not directly with vitamin D levels or the residency status.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Vida Independiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Fracturas de Cadera/epidemiología , Hogares para Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Estaciones del Año , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Calcio/sangre , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Fracturas de Cadera/etiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/etiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/epidemiología
4.
Arch Endocrinol Metab ; 60(3): 217-22, 2016 Feb 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26910625

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and fracture history in nursing home residents and community-dwelling elderly subjects and to explore the association of vitamin D levels with various characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six nursing home residents and 139 community-dwelling elderly subjects participated. Marital status, medical history, medication including vitamin D supplements, smoking, past fractures were assessed. Weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), PTH, Ca, phosphate, creatinine and eGFR were determined. RESULTS: In the nursing home residents 25-OHD was lower (17.8 nmol/l, [9.4-28.6] vs. 36.7 nmol/l, [26.9-50], p < 0.001), PTH was higher (5.6 pmol/l, [3.9-8.9] vs. 4.7 pmol/l [3.6-5.8], P = 0.003) and 25-OHD deficiency was more prevalent (65.2% [53.7-76.7] vs. 22.3% [15.4-29.2], p < 0.001) as was elevated PTH (23% [12.8-33] vs. 5.8% [2-10], p = 0.001). 25-OHD correlated negatively with PTH (institutionalized r = -0.28, p = 0.025 and community-dwelling r = -0.36, p < 0.001). Hip fractures were reported by 8% of the residents and 2% of the independent elderly. The only predictor for hip fracture was elevated PTH (OR = 7.6 (1.5-36.9), p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism was high in the institutionalized subjects. Hip fracture risk was associated with elevated PTH and not directly with vitamin D levels or the residency status.


Asunto(s)
Fracturas de Cadera/epidemiología , Hogares para Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Vida Independiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Calcio/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Fracturas de Cadera/etiología , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/epidemiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Prevalencia , Estaciones del Año , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab;58(9): 926-932, 12/2014. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-732191

RESUMEN

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its elements in relation to TSH in euthyroid subjects. Materials and methods In the cross-sectional study, 2,153 euthyroid adults, 47.2 ± 14.5 years (20-94) with no current antithyroid or thyroid replacement therapy were enrolled. All participants filled a questionnaire on past and current morbidities, medication and smoking. Body weight, height, waist circumference, serum TSH, glucose and lipids were measured. The subjects were stratified by quartiles of TSH (QTSH) and the prevalence of the MetS elements was calculated. MetS was determined by the IDF 2005 criteria. Results Overweight prevalence was 37.2% (35.2-39.2), obesity in 25.1% (23.3-26.9), abdominal obesity – 61.4% (59.3-63.5), hypertension – 42.1% (38.9-43.1), diabetes/increased fasting glucose – 13.6% (12.1-15), low HDL-cholesterol – 27.6% (25.7-29.5), hypertriglyceridemia – 24.1% (22.3-25.9), MetS – 32.2% (30.2-34.2). MetS was more prevalent in the highest QTSH (34.9%, 30.9-38.9) than the lowest (27%, 23.3-30.9), p < 0.001, as were low HDL-C (32%, 28-35.9 vs. 25%, 21.3-28.7, p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (26.8%, 23-30.5 vs. 20.4%, 17-23.8, p = 0.015). Each QTSH increased the risk of MetS by 14%, p < 0.001, of hypertriglyceridemia by 20%, p = 0.001 and of low LDL-C by 9%, p = 0.042. Other significant factors for MetS were age, male gender and obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of MetS increased with higher QTSH within the euthyroid range, mostly by an increase in the dyslipidemia. Arq ...


Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e características da síndrome metabólica (MetS) e seus elementos em relação ao TSH em sujeitos eutireoides. Materiais e métodos Foram analisados, em um estudo transversal, 2.153 adultos eutiroides, de 47,2 ± 14,5 anos (20-94) sem terapia antitiroidiana ou de reposição. Todos os participantes preencheram um questionário sobre doenças atuais e passadas, medicações e tabagismo. O peso corporal, altura, circunferência da cintura, TSH, glicose e lipídios séricos foram medidos. Os sujeitos foram estratificados em quartis de TSH (QTSH) e a prevalência dos elementos da MetS foram calculados. Os critérios da MetS foram determinados pela IDF 2005. Resultados A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 37,2% (35,2-39,2), de obesidade – 25,1% (23,3-26,9), obesidade abdominal – 61,4% (59,3-63,5), hipertensão – 42,1% (38,9-43,1), diabetes/aumento da glicose de jejum – 13,6% (12,1-15), baixo colesterol HDL – 27,6% (25,7-29,5), hipertrigliceridemia – 24,1% (22,3-25,9), MetS – 32,2% (30,2-34,2). A MetS foi mais prevalente no QTSH mais alto (34,9%; 30,9-38,9) do que no mais baixo (27%; 23,3-30,9), p < 0,001, assim como o baixo HDL-C (32%, 28-35,9 contra 25%, 21,3-28,7; p < 0,001) e hipertrigliceridemia (26,8%; 23-30,5 contra 20,4%, 17-23,8; p = 0,015). Cada QTSH aumentou o risco MetS em 14%, p < 0,001, de hipertrigliceridemia em 20%, p = 0,001 e de baixo LDL-C em 9%, p = 0,042. Outros fatores significativos para a MetS foram idade, sexo masculino e obesidade. ...


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Tirotropina/sangre , Factores de Edad , Glucemia/análisis , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Circunferencia de la Cintura
6.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 58(9): 926-32, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25627048

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its elements in relation to TSH in euthyroid subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 2,153 euthyroid adults, 47.2 ± 14.5 years (20-94) with no current antithyroid or thyroid replacement therapy were enrolled. All participants filled a questionnaire on past and current morbidities, medication and smoking. Body weight, height, waist circumference, serum TSH, glucose and lipids were measured. The subjects were stratified by quartiles of TSH (QTSH) and the prevalence of the MetS elements was calculated. MetS was determined by the IDF 2005 criteria. RESULTS: Overweight prevalence was 37.2% (35.2-39.2), obesity in 25.1% (23.3-26.9), abdominal obesity - 61.4% (59.3-63.5), hypertension - 42.1% (38.9-43.1), diabetes/increased fasting glucose - 13.6% (12.1-15), low HDL-cholesterol - 27.6% (25.7-29.5), hypertriglyceridemia - 24.1% (22.3-25.9), MetS - 32.2% (30.2-34.2). MetS was more prevalent in the highest QTSH (34.9%, 30.9-38.9) than the lowest (27%, 23.3-30.9), p < 0.001, as were low HDL-C (32%, 28-35.9 vs. 25%, 21.3-28.7, p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (26.8%, 23-30.5 vs. 20.4%, 17-23.8, p = 0.015). Each QTSH increased the risk of MetS by 14%, p < 0.001, of hypertriglyceridemia by 20%, p = 0.001 and of low LDL-C by 9%, p = 0.042. Other significant factors for MetS were age, male gender and obesity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS increased with higher QTSH within the euthyroid range, mostly by an increase in the dyslipidemia.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Tirotropina/sangre , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Glucemia/análisis , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Adulto Joven
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; Braz. j. infect. dis;17(3): 313-318, May-June 2013. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-676867

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of BV in Bulgarian pregnant and nonpregnant women from several age ranges and to compare three different laboratory methods for Gardnerella vaginalis detection in patents suffering from BV. METHODS: Between September 2011 and June 2012, 809 women of 16-40 years of age separated in two major groups: nonpregnant - 469 (355 with and 114 without symptoms) and pregnant - 340 (213 and 127 respectively) were enrolled for the study. The women underwent three different laboratory tests simultaneously: scoring of Gram staining of vaginal smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for G. vaginalis. RESULTS: The microscopic method detected high frequency of BV in symptomatic (57%) whereas only a minority of asymptomatic subjects (14%) were detected. G. vaginalisassociated BV was diagnosed in approximately equal proportions when evaluated with PCR and microscopic method for both pregnant and nonpregnant women. The comparative analysis of microscopic evaluation, culture and PCR assays demonstrated greater concurrence (about 90%) between Gram staining and PCR detection for BV, than both methods compared to culture. The combination of microscopy and PCR turned out to be very reliable and repeatable for detecting G. vaginalis-associated BV. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comparative investigation on the epidemiology of G. vaginalisassociated BV in Bulgaria. The established highest frequency in the young Bulgarian women (21-30 years) is alarming and should be considered in prophylaxis and reproductive programmes.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Gardnerella vaginalis , Vaginosis Bacteriana/microbiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Técnicas de Cultivo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Frotis Vaginal , Vaginosis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Vaginosis Bacteriana/epidemiología
8.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 17(3): 313-8, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23602465

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of BV in Bulgarian pregnant and nonpregnant women from several age ranges and to compare three different laboratory methods for Gardnerella vaginalis detection in patents suffering from BV. METHODS: Between September 2011 and June 2012, 809 women of 16-40 years of age separated in two major groups: nonpregnant - 469 (355 with and 114 without symptoms) and pregnant - 340 (213 and 127 respectively) were enrolled for the study. The women underwent three different laboratory tests simultaneously: scoring of Gram staining of vaginal smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for G. vaginalis. RESULTS: The microscopic method detected high frequency of BV in symptomatic (57%) whereas only a minority of asymptomatic subjects (14%) were detected. G. vaginalis-associated BV was diagnosed in approximately equal proportions when evaluated with PCR and microscopic method for both pregnant and nonpregnant women. The comparative analysis of microscopic evaluation, culture and PCR assays demonstrated greater concurrence (about 90%) between Gram staining and PCR detection for BV, than both methods compared to culture. The combination of microscopy and PCR turned out to be very reliable and repeatable for detecting G. vaginalis-associated BV. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comparative investigation on the epidemiology of G. vaginalis-associated BV in Bulgaria. The established highest frequency in the young Bulgarian women (21-30 years) is alarming and should be considered in prophylaxis and reproductive programmes.


Asunto(s)
Gardnerella vaginalis , Vaginosis Bacteriana/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Técnicas de Cultivo , Femenino , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Frotis Vaginal , Vaginosis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Vaginosis Bacteriana/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
11.
Homeopathy ; 97(1): 10-5, 2008 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18194760

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: There is great controversy concerning treatment for menopausal symptoms. We evaluated homeopathic treatments for hot flushes and their effect on quality of life in menopausal women. METHODS: Open, multi-national prospective, pragmatic and non-comparative observational study of homeopathic treatments prescribed and their effectiveness, observing their impact on quality of life. RESULTS: Ninety-nine physicians in 8 countries took part in this study and included 438 patients with an average age of 55. Homeopathic medicines were prescribed to all patients; 98% of the prescription lines were for homeopathic medicines. Lachesis mutus, Belladonna, Sepia officinalis, Sulphur and Sanguinaria canadensis were the most prescribed. A non-homeopathic treatment and/or food supplement prescribed for 5% of the patients. This observational study revealed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in the frequency of hot flushes by day and night and a significant reduction in the daily discomfort they caused (mean fall of 3.6 and 3.8 points respectively, on a 10cm visual analogue scale; p<0.001). Ninety percent of the women reported disappearance or lessening of their symptoms, these changes mostly taking place within 15 days of starting homeopathic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this observational study suggest that homeopathic treatment for hot flushes in menopausal women is effective. Further studies including randomized controlled trials should be conducted.


Asunto(s)
Homeopatía/métodos , Sofocos/tratamiento farmacológico , Menopausia/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Calidad de Vida , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Sofocos/epidemiología , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Marruecos/epidemiología , Polonia/epidemiología , Portugal/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Túnez/epidemiología , Salud de la Mujer
13.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 76(2): 531-6, jul.-dic. 1998. graf
Artículo en Español | BINACIS | ID: bin-15334

RESUMEN

Este trabajo recoge datos preliminares de un estudio comparativo de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular en elaboración. La mortalidad por enfermedades del aparato circulatorio ocupa en Uruguay el primer lugar entre las causas de muerte con una tasa de 352/100.000 h. (1996). Considerando los grupos de enfermedades, el primer lugar lo ocupan las cerebrovasculares con una tasa de 114/100.000 h. y en la que predomina el sexo femenino. En segundo lugar se ubican las isquémicas con una tasa de 101/100.000 h. y predominio del sexo masculino. El tercer lugar corresponde a las enfermedades hipertensivas, con tasas y valores muy inferiores. En la mayoría de los países de la región estas enfermedades ocupan el primer lugar dentro de las causas de muerte. En el presente informe se presentan datos de Uruguay y de otros cuatro países: Argentina, Bulgaria, EE.UU. y Finlandia, según el último año con información disponible. La comparación de las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad, muestra a Uruguay en un nivel bajo (211/100.000 h.) similar a Finlandia (210/100.000 h.) y algo superior a Estados Unidos (192/100.000 h.) con una tasa algo mayor (260/100.000 h.) está Argentina y en un nivel más elevado se encuentra Bulgaria (424/100.000 h.). El análisis de las tendencias en períodos de 7 a 10 años muestra que la mortalidad por enfermedades del aparato circulatorio en Uruguay se comporta entre 1986 y 1993 en forma similar a EE.UU. dentro de un rango que no supera el valor de tasa ajustada de 250/100.000 h. y una tendencia negativa (descendente) con una pendiente de valor de b = -5,4. También es similar la mortalidad en Finlandia aunque la tendencia decreciente es más pronunciada (b= -7,19). Argentina muestra una tendencia decreciente (b = - 5,4) con valores algo superiores. Los valores más elevados y crecientes (b = + 3,7) de la mortalidad por estas causas correspondieron a Bulgaria. (AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Cirugía Torácica , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Argentina/epidemiología , Uruguay/epidemiología , Finlandia/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Tabaquismo/efectos adversos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus/complicaciones , Prevención Primaria/educación
14.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 76(2): 531-6, jul.-dic. 1998. graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-241299

RESUMEN

Este trabajo recoge datos preliminares de un estudio comparativo de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular en elaboración. La mortalidad por enfermedades del aparato circulatorio ocupa en Uruguay el primer lugar entre las causas de muerte con una tasa de 352/100.000 h. (1996). Considerando los grupos de enfermedades, el primer lugar lo ocupan las cerebrovasculares con una tasa de 114/100.000 h. y en la que predomina el sexo femenino. En segundo lugar se ubican las isquémicas con una tasa de 101/100.000 h. y predominio del sexo masculino. El tercer lugar corresponde a las enfermedades hipertensivas, con tasas y valores muy inferiores. En la mayoría de los países de la región estas enfermedades ocupan el primer lugar dentro de las causas de muerte. En el presente informe se presentan datos de Uruguay y de otros cuatro países: Argentina, Bulgaria, EE.UU. y Finlandia, según el último año con información disponible. La comparación de las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad, muestra a Uruguay en un nivel bajo (211/100.000 h.) similar a Finlandia (210/100.000 h.) y algo superior a Estados Unidos (192/100.000 h.) con una tasa algo mayor (260/100.000 h.) está Argentina y en un nivel más elevado se encuentra Bulgaria (424/100.000 h.). El análisis de las tendencias en períodos de 7 a 10 años muestra que la mortalidad por enfermedades del aparato circulatorio en Uruguay se comporta entre 1986 y 1993 en forma similar a EE.UU. dentro de un rango que no supera el valor de tasa ajustada de 250/100.000 h. y una tendencia negativa (descendente) con una pendiente de valor de b = -5,4. También es similar la mortalidad en Finlandia aunque la tendencia decreciente es más pronunciada (b= -7,19). Argentina muestra una tendencia decreciente (b = - 5,4) con valores algo superiores. Los valores más elevados y crecientes (b = + 3,7) de la mortalidad por estas causas correspondieron a Bulgaria.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Factores de Riesgo , Cirugía Torácica , Argentina/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/complicaciones , Finlandia/epidemiología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Obesidad/complicaciones , Prevención Primaria/educación , Fumar/efectos adversos , Uruguay/epidemiología
15.
Rev. ABO nac ; 6(3): 134-7, jun.-jul. 1998. ilus
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS, BBO - Odontología | ID: biblio-872243

RESUMEN

Países como Chile, China, Bulgária e Inglaterra aplicam flúor no leite para combater a cárie infantil. Alternativa é recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) onde não é possível implantar a fluoretação do sal ou até mesmo da água. No Brasil, a água fluorada vem diminuindo drasticamente a incidência de cáries na população


Asunto(s)
Niño , Caries Dental , Halogenación , Flúor , Leche , Brasil/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Inglaterra/epidemiología
16.
Am J Vet Res ; 58(12): 1412-6, 1997 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9401690

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Staphylococcus aureus from chickens in England, Belgium, Bulgaria, Argentina, and Japan, to assess the value of PFGE for discriminating strains, and to compare results obtained by PFGE with those obtained by biotyping and phage typing. SAMPLE POPULATION: 78 S aureus isolates from diseased and healthy chickens. PROCEDURE: Chromosomal DNA of S aureus was digested with restriction endonuclease Sma I, and fragments were separated by PFGE in 1% agarose gel. RESULTS: All 78 strains from 5 countries were classified as poultry ecovar according to a previously established biotyping system. Chromosomal DNA was cut by Sma I into 18 to 23 fragments ranging from about 3 to 685 kb. Seventy-eight strains produced 15 types, arbitrarily designated A to O, and 45 subtypes. Some differences were observed in PFGE patterns among countries. However, 10 fragments (333, 190, 110, 63, 55, 42, 34, 19, 10, and 3 kb) were highly conserved and were shared by almost all (> 78%) of the strains examined. The PFGE patterns were compared with those obtained by phage typing. All 29 strains belonging to avian phage-group II produced type A and 19 subtypes. Of the 15 strains belonging to phage-group I, 11 produced 8 types (B to H, O) and 5 subtypes that were different from those of type A. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic DNA fingerprinting by PFGE is an effective technique for discriminating poultry S aureus strains and appears to be a useful method for subtyping strains of avian phage groups or the poultry-specific ecovar.


Asunto(s)
Tipificación de Bacteriófagos/veterinaria , Pollos , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus aureus/clasificación , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Tipificación de Bacteriófagos/métodos , Bélgica/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Dermatoglifia del ADN/métodos , Dermatoglifia del ADN/veterinaria , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/genética
17.
Int Dent J ; 44(1): 44-8, 1994 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8021032

RESUMEN

The Olympic Games are the focus of attention for millions of people in the world and provide the pinnacle of sporting excellence. The health and welfare of the participating sportsmen and women is paramount for successful competition and this must include oral health. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study undertaken at the Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992 into the attendance patterns and oral health of patients visiting the dental clinic provided in the Olympic Village. Recommendations are made for the conduct of future dental care facilities at Olympic Games and the collection of data.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Deportes , Personal Administrativo/estadística & datos numéricos , Angola/epidemiología , Australia/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Comunidad de Estados Independientes/epidemiología , Cuba/epidemiología , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Restauración Dental Permanente/estadística & datos numéricos , República Dominicana/epidemiología , Europa Oriental/epidemiología , Francia/epidemiología , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Hungría/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Falla de Prótesis , Pulpitis/epidemiología , España/epidemiología , Deportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
18.
Addiction ; 88(12): 1627-36, 1993 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7907509

RESUMEN

The cross-cultural validity of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome was tested on 13 symptoms of alcohol dependence which were assessed as part of a WHO collaborative study of the early detection of harmful drinking. The subjects were drinking patients in health care settings in Australia, Bulgaria, Kenya, Mexico, Norway, and the US. Principal Components Analyses were performed on the symptoms in each centre, and the degree of agreement between the results was assessed by calculating coefficients of congruence between the item loadings on the first principal component. In all six centres the first Principal Component accounted for at least half of the total variance and all symptoms had positive loadings greater than 0.40 on the first Principal Component. The coefficients of congruence were all 0.98 or more, and the 13 symptoms had internal consistency coefficients of 0.94 or more. An alcohol dependence score defined by the sum of positive responses to the 13 alcohol dependence symptoms was positively correlated with self-reported alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, serum gamma glutamyltransferase and a clinical examination assessment of alcoholism in all six samples.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Australia/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Comparación Transcultural , Femenino , Humanos , Kenia/epidemiología , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangre
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