RESUMEN
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera( cv. Medjool is a significant plant, grown in Jordan. In vitro propagation gives operative resources for the significant propagation of date palms. Maximum callus induction was achieved from MS media supplemented with benzyl amino purine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest plant regeneration was recorded on MS medium supplemented with dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 3.0 mg/L, and BA at 2.0 mg/L. A significant positive impact on shoot formation was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA with 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L NAA in both liquid and solid MS medium. To maintain survival and regrowth capacity, sucrose could be used for medium-term conservation at lower concentrations (0.1 - 0.2 M). In addition, sorbitol might be used at 0.1 M to maintain the quality of explants. The vitrification technique for long-term preservation was experimented. Embryogenic callus was used as explants for conservation. The survival as well as regrowth percentages of non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved tissue cultures were affected by their duration of treatment with the vitrification solution plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) and modified plant vitrification solution 2 (MPVS2). Results showed that using PVS2 for 60 minutes for cryopreserved calli was more effective than other treatments. After storage in liquid nitrogen, the highest survival rate (65%) and regrowth rate (40%) were achieved.
Asunto(s)
Phoeniceae , Brotes de la Planta , Regeneración , Phoeniceae/fisiología , Phoeniceae/efectos de los fármacos , Regeneración/fisiología , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/fisiología , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Medios de Cultivo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Criopreservación , Técnicas de Cultivo de TejidosRESUMEN
Shoot branching is determined by a balance between factors that promote axillary bud dormancy and factors that release buds from the quiescent state. The TCP family of transcription factors is classified into two classes, Class I and Class II, which usually play different roles. While the role of the Class II TCP BRANCHED1 (BRC1) in suppressing axillary bud development in Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely explored, the function of Class I TCPs in this process remains unknown. We analyzed the role of Class I TCP14 and TCP15 in axillary branch development in Arabidopsis through a series of genetic and molecular studies. In contrast to the increased branch number shown by brc1 mutants, tcp14 tcp15 plants exhibit a reduced number of branches compared with wild-type. Our findings provide evidence that TCP14 and TCP15 act by counteracting BRC1 function through two distinct mechanisms. First, they indirectly reduce BRC1 expression levels. Additionally, TCP15 directly interacts with BRC1 decoying it from chromatin and thereby preventing the transcriptional activation of a set of BRC1-dependent genes. We describe a molecular mechanism by which Class I TCPs physically antagonize the action of the Class II TCP BRC1, aligning with their opposite roles in axillary bud development.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Factores de Transcripción , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Mutación/genética , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatina/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/genéticaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of 1,4-dimethylnapthalene in suppressing sprouting and the consequent maintenance of the quality of potato tubers of Asterix and Challenger cultivars, at different temperatures and storage regimes. Six treatments were tested, with and without 1.4-DNM, at temperatures of 8 ° C and 20 ° C. Assessments were made at 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days after application. The parameters evaluated were: number of sprouts, levels of total soluble sugars, levels of reducing and non-reducing sugars and coloration of potato strips after frying. The effects of 1.4-DMN on the quality control of potatoes resulted in sprout control and lower levels of total soluble sugars and reducing sugars, especially in the Challenger cultivar and at a temperature of 20 ºC.
Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a eficiência do 1,4-dimetilnaftaleno na supressão da brotação e a consequente manutenção da qualidade de tubérculos de batata das cultivares Asterix e Challenger, em diferentes temperaturas e tempos de armazenamento. Foram testados seis tratamentos, com e sem 1,4-DNM, nas temperaturas de 8 °C e 20 °C. As avaliações foram feitas aos 0, 45, 90, 135 e 180 dias após a aplicação. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: número de brotos, teores de açúcares solúveis totais, teores de açúcares redutores, e não redutores, e coloração dos palitos de batata após a fritura. Os efeitos do 1,4-DMN no controle da qualidade das batatas resultaram no controle da brotação e em menores teores de açúcares solúveis totais e de açúcares redutores, sobretudo na cultivar Challenger e à temperatura de 20 ºC.
Asunto(s)
Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Solanum tuberosum/química , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Estándar de Identidad y Calidad de Productos y ServiciosRESUMEN
Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50-200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Eucalipto/química , Aceite de Eucalipto/farmacología , Eucalyptus/química , Eucalyptus/genética , Herbicidas , Insecticidas , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Tetraploidía , Aedes/efectos de los fármacos , Alelopatía/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Bioensayo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fitomejoramiento , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and Zn deficiency is a global issue, especially in tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) and the Zn addition (Zn sulfate + HA) on the growth of maize and brachiaria in two contrasting Oxisols. The potential complexation of Zn sulfate by HA was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Zinc content and its availability in solution and the shoot and root biomass of maize and brachiaria were determined. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the complexation of Zn sulfate by HA through its S and C functional groups. In both Oxisols, solution Zn increased due to the combined use of Zn and HA. In a soil type-dependent manner, maize biomass and Zn in its shoots were affected only by the exclusive use of Zn fertilization. In the Yellow Oxisol, brachiaria growth and Zn accumulated in its shoot were positively affected by the combined use of Zn fertilization with HA. In the Oxisol with lower organic matter content, HA can assure adequate supplying of residual Zn, while increasing growth of brachiaria cultivated in sequence to maize.
Asunto(s)
Brachiaria/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias Húmicas/análisis , Suelo/química , Zea mays/efectos de los fármacos , Sulfato de Zinc/farmacología , Brachiaria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brasil , Fertilizantes/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Análisis de Componente Principal , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sulfato de Zinc/análisis , Sulfato de Zinc/químicaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the oxidative stress and the physiological and antioxidant responses of coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum) grown for 58 days in soil with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg of Zn/kg of soil. The results revealed that all Zn compounds increased the total chlorophyll content (CHLt) by at least 45%, compared to the control group; however, with 400 mg/kg of ZnSO4, chlorophyll accumulation decreased by 34.6%. Zn determination by induction-plasma-coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) showed that Zn absorption in roots and shoots occurred in plants exposed to ZnSO4 at all concentrations, which resulted in high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Only at 400 mg/kg of ZnSO4, a 78.6% decrease in the MDA levels was observed. According to the results, the ZnSO4 treatments were more effective than the ZnO NPs to increase the antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidases (POD). The results corroborate that phytotoxicity was higher in plants subjected to ZnSO4 compared to treatments with ZnO NPs, which suggests that the toxicity was due to Zn accumulation in the tissues by absorbing dissolved Zn++ ions.
Asunto(s)
Coriandrum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Coriandrum/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Desarrollo de la Planta , Óxido de Zinc/química , Sulfato de Zinc/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Coriandrum/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , Oxidación-Reducción , Fotosíntesis , Fitoquímicos/química , Desarrollo de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Análisis Espectral , Óxido de Zinc/metabolismo , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Sulfato de Zinc/metabolismo , Sulfato de Zinc/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Numerous factors lead to the use of water with saline levels above those suitable for plant development, resulting in negative consequences on crops. Studies have sought techniques that aim to mitigate such consequences and the use of vitamins is promising, since these compounds improve the development conditions of vegetables. Thus, the study aimed to verify the ability of vitamins to mitigate the deleterious effects of using saline water, applied via irrigation during the formation of cucumber seedlings. Cucumber seeds were subjected to imbibition in three vitamin solutions (100 mg L-1thiamine; 100 mg L-1niacin; 50 mg L-1thiamine + 50 mg L-1niacin), in addition to two controls, both with water imbibition . After sowing, irrigation was carried out with saline water (100 mM NaCl), for all treatments, except for one of the controls. It was found that irrigation with saline water affected all variables studied, without, however, having a positive effect from the application of vitamins. Thus, it was concluded that the vitamins were not able to mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the application of saline water under the conditions in which the study was carried out and that future studies should be carried out to evaluate different concentrations and forms of application of the vitamins.
Inúmeros fatores levam à utilização de água com teores salinos acima daqueles adequados ao desenvolvimento vegetal, acarretando consequências negativas sobre os cultivos. Estudos têm buscado técnicas que visem amenizar tais consequências e a utilização de vitaminas é promissora, uma vez que esses compostos melhoram as condições de desenvolvimento dos vegetais. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar a capacidade das vitaminas em mitigar os efeitos deletérios da utilização de água salina, aplicada via irrigação durante a formação de mudas de pepino. Sementes de pepineiro foram submetidas à embebição em três soluções vitamínicas (100 mg L-1tiamina; 100 mg L-1niacina; 50 mg L-1tiamina + 50 mg L-1niacina), além dois controles, ambos com embebição em água. Após a semeadura a irrigação foi realizada comágua salina (100 mM de NaCl), para todos os tratamentos, com exceção de um dos controles. Verificou-se que a irrigação com água salina afetou todas as variáveis estudas, sem que, no entanto, houvesse efeito positivo da aplicação das vitaminas. Dessa maneira, concluiu-se que as vitaminas não foram capazes de mitigar os efeitos deletérios causados pela aplicação de água salina nas condições em que o estudo foi realizado e que estudos futuros devem ser realizados para avaliar diferentes concentrações e formas de aplicação das vitaminas.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Cucumis sativus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cucumis sativus/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Salino , Vitaminas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Numerous factors lead to the use of water with saline levels above those suitable for plant development, resulting in negative consequences on crops. Studies have sought techniques that aim to mitigate such consequences and the use of vitamins is promising, since these compounds improve the development conditions of vegetables. Thus, the study aimed to verify the ability of vitamins to mitigate the deleterious effects of using saline water, applied via irrigation during the formation of cucumber seedlings. Cucumber seeds were subjected to imbibition in three vitamin solutions (100 mg L-1thiamine; 100 mg L-1niacin; 50 mg L-1thiamine + 50 mg L-1niacin), in addition to two controls, both with water imbibition . After sowing, irrigation was carried out with saline water (100 mM NaCl), for all treatments, except for one of the controls. It was found that irrigation with saline water affected all variables studied, without, however, having a positive effect from the application of vitamins. Thus, it was concluded that the vitamins were not able to mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the application of saline water under the conditions in which the study was carried out and that future studies should be carried out to evaluate different concentrations and forms of application of the vitamins.(AU)
Inúmeros fatores levam à utilização de água com teores salinos acima daqueles adequados ao desenvolvimento vegetal, acarretando consequências negativas sobre os cultivos. Estudos têm buscado técnicas que visem amenizar tais consequências e a utilização de vitaminas é promissora, uma vez que esses compostos melhoram as condições de desenvolvimento dos vegetais. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar a capacidade das vitaminas em mitigar os efeitos deletérios da utilização de água salina, aplicada via irrigação durante a formação de mudas de pepino. Sementes de pepineiro foram submetidas à embebição em três soluções vitamínicas (100 mg L-1tiamina; 100 mg L-1niacina; 50 mg L-1tiamina + 50 mg L-1niacina), além dois controles, ambos com embebição em água. Após a semeadura a irrigação foi realizada comágua salina (100 mM de NaCl), para todos os tratamentos, com exceção de um dos controles. Verificou-se que a irrigação com água salina afetou todas as variáveis estudas, sem que, no entanto, houvesse efeito positivo da aplicação das vitaminas. Dessa maneira, concluiu-se que as vitaminas não foram capazes de mitigar os efeitos deletérios causados pela aplicação de água salina nas condições em que o estudo foi realizado e que estudos futuros devem ser realizados para avaliar diferentes concentrações e formas de aplicação das vitaminas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Cucumis sativus/efectos de los fármacos , Cucumis sativus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Estrés SalinoRESUMEN
Hydrochar is a carbon-based material that can be used as soil amendment. Since the physical-chemical properties of hydrochar are mainly assigned to process parameters, we aimed at evaluating the organic fraction of different hydrochars through 13C-NMR and off-line TMAH-GC/MS. Four hydrochars produced with sugarcane bagasse, vinasse and sulfuric or phosphoric acids were analyzed to elucidate the main molecular features. Germination and initial growth of maize seedlings were assessed using hydrochar water-soluble fraction to evaluate their potential use as growth promoters. The hydrochars prepared with phosphoric acid showed larger amounts of bioavailable lignin-derived structures. Although no differences were shown about the percentage of maize seeds germination, the hydrochar produced with phosphoric acid promoted a better seedling growth. For this sample, the greatest relative percentage of benzene derivatives and phenolic compounds were associated to hormone-like effects, responsible for stimulating shoot and root elongation. The reactions parameters proved to be determinant for the organic composition of hydrochar, exerting a strict influence on molecular features and plant growth response.
Asunto(s)
Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética con Carbono-13 , Carbón Orgánico/química , Carbón Orgánico/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Desarrollo de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/química , Agua/química , Bioensayo , Raíces de Plantas/anatomía & histología , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/anatomía & histología , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Zea mays/efectos de los fármacos , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Glyphosate can generate positive effects on turfgrass maintenance as a form of growth control by decreasing the expenses associated with mowing. However, there is little information about the effects of this herbicide on turfgrasses. This study aimed to evaluate the response of bermudagrass and zoysiagrass to the herbicide glyphosate as a growth regulator. Two studies were performed in a greenhouse and repeated at different times. The treatments involved application of glyphosate at 10 different rates (0, 5.625, 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, and 1.440 g ae ha-1) with four replicates. Evaluations of green cover by digital analysis, injury, and plant height were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application, and shoot dry matter of clippings was determined for the last evaluation period. Bermudagrass and zoysiagrass presented variedtolerance to glyphosate toxicity. Overall, the digital analysis showed that green content was negatively influenced by the increase in visual injury caused by glyphosate application. Moreover, increasing the glyphosate rate decreased plant height and shoot dry matter in both turfgrasses. Glyphosate application rates up to 45 g ae ha-1 for bermudagrass and 90 g ae ha-1 for zoysiagrass decreased plant growth without affecting the factors analyzed in this study.
Asunto(s)
Glicina/análogos & derivados , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Poaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Poaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brasil , Cynodon/efectos de los fármacos , Cynodon/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glicina/farmacología , Glicina/toxicidad , Herbicidas/farmacología , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Especificidad de la Especie , GlifosatoRESUMEN
Fertiactyl® is a foliar fertilizer with the potential to minimize the phytotoxicity effects caused by glyphosate drift in eucalyptus plants. As the interactions of the glyphosate and Fertiactyl® in tank mix on the plant behavior are not yet known, the objective was to evaluate the absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate, applied isolated and mixed in tank with Fertiactyl®, in young eucalyptus plants (clone I-144, Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis). The addition of Fertiactyl® to the mixture of 14C-glyphosate reduced the absorption by 94.3% in relation to the total absorbed at the end of the evaluation compared to plants treated only with 14C-glyphosate, i.e., Fertiactyl® protected the eucalyptus plants of the glyphosate intoxication by drift. The translocation rates from the treated leaves to the rest of the shoots and roots were low (<2% of the total recovered) in both treatments, suggest that restricted translocation is a mechanism of natural tolerance to glyphosate in plants of clone I-144. It is concluded that Fertiactyl®, mixed in the solution with glyphosate, protects young eucalyptus plants against glyphosate drift by reducing the amount of herbicide absorbed.
Asunto(s)
Eucalyptus/efectos de los fármacos , Fertilizantes , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/farmacocinética , Radioisótopos de Carbono/farmacocinética , Eucalyptus/metabolismo , Glicina/farmacocinética , Glicina/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Tisular , GlifosatoRESUMEN
This study was developed to examine morpho-agronomic traits of 18 sunflower cultivars and identify superior cultivars in terms of grain yield, forage quality, or both, for animal feeding. Twenty-two morpho-agronomic traits related to plant development and architecture; earliness of maturity; grain yield (achenes); dry matter yield; and dry matter content were evaluated. Cultivars Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Embrapa 122, BRS 321, and Hélio 360 showed inflorescence at the final stage. Aguará 4 showed the lowest flowering rate, characterizing it as late-maturing. For grain yield, cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended, as they showed the highest achene yields (average: 1,541.67 to 2,148.81 kg.ha−1, respectively). Cultivars Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL exhibited higher dry matter yields (9,550.93 to 11,789.91 kg ha−1) and were thus indicated for forage production. Cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended for grain yield, for the diet of monogastric animals; Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL for forage yield, for ruminant feeding; and Charrua, Olisun 3, and Paraíso 103CL for both purposes.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Cyperus , Saccharum/efectos de los fármacos , Control de Malezas , Herbicidas/análisisRESUMEN
The intensive application of agrochemicals in crops has negatively impacted the environment and other organisms. The use of naturally occurring compounds may be an alternative to mitigate these effects. Plants are secondary metabolite reservoirs and may present allelopathic activity, which is potentially interesting to be used in bioherbicide formulations. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils extracted from leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiniquinorum in bioassays with the plant models Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. The essential oils were applied at concentrations of 3,000, 1,500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. Chemical characterization of the oils was performed, and their impact on the percentage of germinated seeds, initial development of L. sativa and S. bicolor seedlings, and changes in the mitotic cycle of meristematic cells from L. sativa roots was evaluated. The major compound of the essential oils was germacrene D, followed by bicyclogermacrene, ß-elemene and germacrene A. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the essential oils of both species reduced the root and shoot growth in L. sativa and decreased the germination and shoot growth in S. bicolor. Inhibition was dependent on the tested oil concentration. In the cytotoxicity assay, a decrease in mitotic index and chromosomal and nuclear alterations were observed, which resulted from aneugenic and clastogenic action.
Asunto(s)
Hernandiaceae/metabolismo , Aceites Volátiles/química , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Hernandiaceae/química , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/farmacología , Sorghum/efectos de los fármacos , Sorghum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/químicaRESUMEN
O biocarvão obtido da pirólise de biomassa vegetal confere à planta um bom suprimento nutricional e possui elevada capacidade de retenção de água, porém ainda há poucos estudos avaliando seu uso na produção de mudas de hortaliças folhosas.Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar proporções de biocarvão em areia que possibilitem melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de rúcula. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos(0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50% de biocarvão) e dez repetições. As características avaliadas foram: Geminação; Número de folhas por planta; Comprimento da raíz; Altura de plantas; Diâmetro do colo; Massa fresca e seca de plantas e teor de água na planta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. O procedimento de ajustamento de curvas de resposta foi realizado utilizando-se o software R. Recomenda-se a proporção de 50% de biocarvão na produção de mudas de rúcula porpropiciar melhor desenvolvimento nas plantas, promovendo melhorias significativas em todas as características analisadas, exceto germinação e número de folhas por planta.
The biochar obtained from pyrolysis of vegetable biomass gives the plant a good nutritional supply and has a high water retention capacity, however there are still few studies evaluating its use in the production of leafy vegetable seedlings. With that, the objective of this work was to determine proportions of biochar in sand that allow better development of rocket seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA). The experimental design used was completely randomized with six treatments (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50% of biochar) and ten replications. The evaluated characteristics were: Twinning; Number of leaves per plant; Root length; Plant height; Neck diameter; Fresh and dry mass of plants and water content in the plant. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The procedure for adjusting the response curves was performed using the R software. The 50% biochar proportion is recommended in the production of arugula seedlings as it provides better development in the plants, promoting significant improvements in all the characteristics analyzed, except germination and number of leaves per plant.
Asunto(s)
Brassicaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brassicaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Carbón Orgánico/administración & dosificación , Zona SemiáridaRESUMEN
O biocarvão obtido da pirólise de biomassa vegetal confere à planta um bom suprimento nutricional e possui elevada capacidade de retenção de água, porém ainda há poucos estudos avaliando seu uso na produção de mudas de hortaliças folhosas.Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar proporções de biocarvão em areia que possibilitem melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de rúcula. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos(0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50% de biocarvão) e dez repetições. As características avaliadas foram: Geminação; Número de folhas por planta; Comprimento da raíz; Altura de plantas; Diâmetro do colo; Massa fresca e seca de plantas e teor de água na planta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. O procedimento de ajustamento de curvas de resposta foi realizado utilizando-se o software R. Recomenda-se a proporção de 50% de biocarvão na produção de mudas de rúcula porpropiciar melhor desenvolvimento nas plantas, promovendo melhorias significativas em todas as características analisadas, exceto germinação e número de folhas por planta.(AU)
The biochar obtained from pyrolysis of vegetable biomass gives the plant a good nutritional supply and has a high water retention capacity, however there are still few studies evaluating its use in the production of leafy vegetable seedlings. With that, the objective of this work was to determine proportions of biochar in sand that allow better development of rocket seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA). The experimental design used was completely randomized with six treatments (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50% of biochar) and ten replications. The evaluated characteristics were: Twinning; Number of leaves per plant; Root length; Plant height; Neck diameter; Fresh and dry mass of plants and water content in the plant. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The procedure for adjusting the response curves was performed using the R software. The 50% biochar proportion is recommended in the production of arugula seedlings as it provides better development in the plants, promoting significant improvements in all the characteristics analyzed, except germination and number of leaves per plant.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico/administración & dosificación , Brassicaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Brassicaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Zona SemiáridaRESUMEN
Um estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da interação entre a inoculação da muda pré-brotada com Azospirillum brasilense e a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimentodas plantas de cana-de-açúcar(Saccharum officinarum). Mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar, oriundas de minirrebolos de 3,0cm de comprimento da variedade RB867515, foram transplantadas aos 25 dias após a brotação para vasos plásticos de 12 L. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5:dois tratamentos de inoculação [sem (controle) e com inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense] e cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 mg dm3de N), com quatro repetições. A inoculação com A. brasilense foi realizada no transplantio das mudas com o uso de 4 mL do inoculante AzoTotal®por muda, contendo as estirpes AbV5e AbV6. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura foi realizada aos 20 dias após o transplantio das mudas na forma de ureia (45% de N).Os resultados reportaram que a aplicação de doses de N em coberturaresultou no incremento linear da altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, número de folhas por planta, número de perfilhos e produção de matéria seca das plantas inoculadas com A. brasilense. Quando as plantas não foram inoculadas com A. brasilense, a adubação nitrogenada resultou apenas no aumento do número de folhas e de perfilhos por planta. O uso da inoculação de A. brasilenseem mudas de cana-de-açúcar pré-brotadas tem efeito benéfico no desenvolvimento das plantas somente quando associada a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. As plantas de cana-de-açúcar não adubadas com fertilizante nitrogenado tem resposta negativa à inoculação com A. brasilense, indicando a ocorrência de possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos no desenvolvimento das plantas até os 60 dias após o transplantio.
A study was conducted with the objective of investigating the effects of the interaction between the inoculation of the pre-sprouted seedlings with Azospirillum brasilenseand the nitrogen fertilization in topdressing on the development of sugarcane plants(Saccharum officinarum). Pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings, produced from 3.0 cm long mini-stems of the RB867515 variety, were transplanted 25 days after sprouting into 12 L plastic pots. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme: two inoculation treatments [without (control) and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense] and five application rates of N fertilizer in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg dm3of N), with four repetitions. The inoculation with A. brasilense was carried out in transplanting the seedlings using 4 mL of the inoculum AzoTotal® per seedling, containing the strains AbV5 and AbV6. The nitrogen fertilization in topdressing was performed at 20 days after transplanting the seedlings as urea (45% of N). The results reported that the application of N fertilizer rates in topdressing resulted in a linear increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers and dry matter production of plants inoculated with A. brasilense. When the plants were not inoculated with A. brasilense, nitrogen fertilization resulted in an increase also in the number of leaves and tillers per plant. The use of A. brasilense inoculation in pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings has a beneficial effect on the development of plants only when associated with nitrogen fertilization in topdressing. Sugarcane plants not fertilized with N have a negative response to inoculation with A. brasilense, indicating the occurrence of possible phytotoxic effects on plant development up to 60 days after transplanting.
Asunto(s)
Azospirillum brasilense , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Nitrógeno/administración & dosificación , Saccharum/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Um estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da interação entre a inoculação da muda pré-brotada com Azospirillum brasilense e a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimentodas plantas de cana-de-açúcar(Saccharum officinarum). Mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar, oriundas de minirrebolos de 3,0cm de comprimento da variedade RB867515, foram transplantadas aos 25 dias após a brotação para vasos plásticos de 12 L. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5:dois tratamentos de inoculação [sem (controle) e com inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense] e cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 mg dm3de N), com quatro repetições. A inoculação com A. brasilense foi realizada no transplantio das mudas com o uso de 4 mL do inoculante AzoTotal®por muda, contendo as estirpes AbV5e AbV6. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura foi realizada aos 20 dias após o transplantio das mudas na forma de ureia (45% de N).Os resultados reportaram que a aplicação de doses de N em coberturaresultou no incremento linear da altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, número de folhas por planta, número de perfilhos e produção de matéria seca das plantas inoculadas com A. brasilense. Quando as plantas não foram inoculadas com A. brasilense, a adubação nitrogenada resultou apenas no aumento do número de folhas e de perfilhos por planta. O uso da inoculação de A. brasilenseem mudas de cana-de-açúcar pré-brotadas tem efeito benéfico no desenvolvimento das plantas somente quando associada a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. As plantas de cana-de-açúcar não adubadas com fertilizante nitrogenado tem resposta negativa à inoculação com A. brasilense, indicando a ocorrência de possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos no desenvolvimento das plantas até os 60 dias após o transplantio.(AU)
A study was conducted with the objective of investigating the effects of the interaction between the inoculation of the pre-sprouted seedlings with Azospirillum brasilenseand the nitrogen fertilization in topdressing on the development of sugarcane plants(Saccharum officinarum). Pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings, produced from 3.0 cm long mini-stems of the RB867515 variety, were transplanted 25 days after sprouting into 12 L plastic pots. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme: two inoculation treatments [without (control) and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense] and five application rates of N fertilizer in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg dm3of N), with four repetitions. The inoculation with A. brasilense was carried out in transplanting the seedlings using 4 mL of the inoculum AzoTotal® per seedling, containing the strains AbV5 and AbV6. The nitrogen fertilization in topdressing was performed at 20 days after transplanting the seedlings as urea (45% of N). The results reported that the application of N fertilizer rates in topdressing resulted in a linear increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers and dry matter production of plants inoculated with A. brasilense. When the plants were not inoculated with A. brasilense, nitrogen fertilization resulted in an increase also in the number of leaves and tillers per plant. The use of A. brasilense inoculation in pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings has a beneficial effect on the development of plants only when associated with nitrogen fertilization in topdressing. Sugarcane plants not fertilized with N have a negative response to inoculation with A. brasilense, indicating the occurrence of possible phytotoxic effects on plant development up to 60 days after transplanting.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Nitrógeno/administración & dosificación , Azospirillum brasilense , Saccharum/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The supply of potassium (K) is a strategy to increase the tolerance of plants exposed to Cd toxicity. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of K on the growth and potential of Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania (syn. Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs)) for Cd phytoextraction as well as to evaluate nutritional attributes of this grass under conditions of Cd stress. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Three rates of K (0.4, 6.0, and 11.6 mmol L-1) were combined with four rates of Cd (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol L-1) in nutrient solution. Two plant growth periods were evaluated. The increase in K supply to plants exposed to Cd rates of up to 1.0 mmol L-1 caused increase in morphogenic and production attributes, as well as reduction in tiller mortality rate, in the second growth period. K concentrations (in both harvests) increased, while calcium and magnesium concentrations in the second harvest decreased with increasing Cd rates. The high availability of Cd (1.5 mmol L-1) in the nutrient solution caused decrease in relative chlorophyll index (RCI) in both harvests. The high supply of K to plants exposed to Cd resulted in high shoot dry mass production, reducing Cd concentration in the photosynthetic tissues (which means great tolerance of the plant) and increasing the accumulation of this metal in the shoots that can be harvested. Therefore, K increases the Cd phytoextraction capacity of Tanzania guinea grass.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio/aislamiento & purificación , Cadmio/toxicidad , Panicum/efectos de los fármacos , Potasio/farmacología , Biodegradación Ambiental , Cadmio/farmacocinética , Calcio/metabolismo , Calcio/farmacocinética , Clorofila/metabolismo , Magnesio/metabolismo , Magnesio/farmacocinética , Panicum/fisiología , Fotosíntesis/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Potasio/farmacocinética , Contaminantes del Suelo/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminantes del Suelo/farmacocinética , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
The impact of nanotechnology in the field of agricultural sciences creates the need to study in greater detail the effect of products offering nanoparticles for application in plant species of agricultural interest. The objective of this study was to determine the response of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) in vitro to different concentrations of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles), as well as to characterize and identify their absorption, translocation and accumulation mechanisms. Nodal segments of stevia grown in MS medium supplemented with AgNPs (0,12.5, 25, 50,100 and 200 mg L-1) were used. After 30 days of in vitro shoot proliferation, the number of shoots per explant, shoot length, chlorophyll content, dry matter content and the metallic silver (Ag) content of the plants were quantified. In addition, characterization, transport and accumulation of silver nanoparticles were performed by microscopic analysis. AgNPs were shown to be present in epidermal stem cells, within vascular bundles and in intermembrane spaces. In leaves, they were observed in ribs and stomata. The current and future use of AgNPs in agricultural sciences opens up the possibility of studying their effects on different plant species.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Plata/farmacología , Stevia/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Clorofila/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hierro/metabolismo , Magnesio/metabolismo , Microscopía Electrónica , Microscopía Fluorescente , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/ultraestructura , Brotes de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/ultraestructura , Plata/administración & dosificación , Plata/metabolismo , Stevia/efectos de los fármacos , Stevia/ultraestructura , Técnicas de Cultivo de TejidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to establish a method for early, quick and cheap screening of iron excess tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. RESULTS: Based on the experiments, iron excess leads to reduction in shoot length (SL) and this can be a useful characteristic for adequate screening of tolerant genotypes. The sensitive genotypes Nipponbare and BR-IRGA 409 indicated higher accumulation of iron in their tissues while BRS-Agrisul and Epagri 108 also accumulated iron, but at lower concentrations. BR-IRGA 410 displayed an intermediate phenotype regarding iron accumulation. No changes in shoot Cu content can be observed when comparing treatments. On the other hand, an increase was seen for Zn and Mn when shoots are subjected to Fe2+ excess. Fe stress at a lower concentration than 7 mM increased Zn but decreased Mn contents in shoots of BR-IRGA 409. Strong positive correlations were found here for Fe × Zn (0.93); Fe × Mn (0.97) and Zn × Mn (0.92), probably due to the Fe-induced activation of bivalent cation transporters. Results show that genotypes scored as sensitive present higher concentration of Fe in shoots and this is an efficient method to characterize rice cultivars regarding iron response.