RESUMEN
This essay explores the growth of boxing among the African populations on the Witwatersrand region of South Africa between 1924 and 1959. It details how the sport's jump in popularity with Africans paralleled migration to Johannesburg. Africans increasingly saw boxing as an activity and skill conducive with survival in this new environment, and thus the sport grew in popularity, stature, and skill-level amongst this emergent urban population. The essay further explores the various ways that the sport was disseminated and popularized during the era, thus detailing how the sport reached both the African masses and petit-bourgeois educated elite. As their presence in Johannesburg became more and more permanent, boxing came to encompass various meanings and ideals, such as notions of discipline, independence and civility, to these urban populations.
Asunto(s)
Atletas , Boxeo , Grupos de Población , Relaciones Raciales , Condiciones Sociales , Población Urbana , Atletas/educación , Atletas/historia , Atletas/psicología , Boxeo/economía , Boxeo/educación , Boxeo/historia , Boxeo/fisiología , Boxeo/psicología , Conducta Competitiva , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Actividades Recreativas/psicología , Grupos de Población/educación , Grupos de Población/etnología , Grupos de Población/historia , Grupos de Población/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos de Población/psicología , Relaciones Raciales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/psicología , Clase Social/historia , Condiciones Sociales/economía , Condiciones Sociales/historia , Condiciones Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Políticas de Control Social/economía , Políticas de Control Social/historia , Políticas de Control Social/legislación & jurisprudencia , Sudáfrica/etnología , Salud Urbana/historia , Población Urbana/historiaRESUMEN
This article examines the controversy surrounding Jack Johnson's proposed world heavyweight title fight against the British champion Bombardier Billy Wells in London (1911). In juxtaposing African Americans' often glowing discussions of European tolerance with the actual white resistance the black champion faced in Britain, including the Home Office's eventual prohibition of the match, the article explores the period's transnational discourses of race and citizenship. Indeed, as white sportsmen on both sides of the Atlantic joined together in their search for a "White Hope" to unseat Johnson, the boxing ring became an important cultural arena for interracial debates over the political and social divisions between white citizens and nonwhite subjects. Although African Americans had high hopes for their hero's European sojourn, the British backlash against the Johnson-Wells match underscored the fact that their local experiences of racial oppression were just one facet of a much broader global problem. At the same time, the proposed prizefight also made the specter of interracial conflict in the colonies all the more tangible in the British capital, provoking public discussions about the merits of U.S. racial segregation, along with the need for white Anglo-Saxon solidarity around the world. Thus, this article not only exposes the underlying connections between American Jim Crow and the racialized fault lines of British imperialism, but it also traces the "tense and tender ties" linking U.S. and African American history with the new imperial history and postcolonial studies.
Asunto(s)
Atletas , Negro o Afroamericano , Boxeo , Relaciones Raciales , Políticas de Control Social , Problemas Sociales , Negro o Afroamericano/educación , Negro o Afroamericano/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/historia , Negro o Afroamericano/legislación & jurisprudencia , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Antropología Cultural/educación , Antropología Cultural/historia , Atletas/educación , Atletas/historia , Atletas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Atletas/psicología , Rendimiento Atlético/economía , Rendimiento Atlético/educación , Rendimiento Atlético/historia , Rendimiento Atlético/legislación & jurisprudencia , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Rendimiento Atlético/psicología , Boxeo/economía , Boxeo/educación , Boxeo/historia , Boxeo/fisiología , Boxeo/psicología , Diversidad Cultural , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Salud del Hombre/etnología , Salud del Hombre/historia , Relaciones Raciales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/psicología , Condiciones Sociales/economía , Condiciones Sociales/historia , Condiciones Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Políticas de Control Social/economía , Políticas de Control Social/historia , Políticas de Control Social/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/economía , Problemas Sociales/etnología , Problemas Sociales/historia , Problemas Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/psicología , Reino Unido/etnología , Población Blanca/educación , Población Blanca/etnología , Población Blanca/historia , Población Blanca/legislación & jurisprudencia , Población Blanca/psicologíaRESUMEN
Savate, also called chausson, or French boxing is a combat activity characterized by kicking and punching. Its inception reaches back to the Restoration and the monarchy of Louis-Philippe (1818-48) although it was not recognised as a combat sport until the twentieth century. This article, based on a variety of rich sources (police reports, newspapers, books, etc.) demonstrates how, on the one hand, the origins of savate can be traced back to the bare-fisted duels of the Restoration and, on the other hand, its emergence corresponds to the mutation of structural order as put forth by M. Foucault.
Asunto(s)
Boxeo , Conducta Competitiva , Artes Marciales , Conducta Social , Boxeo/economía , Boxeo/educación , Boxeo/historia , Boxeo/fisiología , Boxeo/psicología , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Francia/etnología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Artes Marciales/economía , Artes Marciales/educación , Artes Marciales/historia , Artes Marciales/fisiología , Artes Marciales/psicología , Identificación Social , Percepción Social , Deportes/economía , Deportes/educación , Deportes/historia , Deportes/fisiología , Deportes/psicologíaRESUMEN
Cockfighting and bear-baiting have been banned for several decades in most grown-up countries, but fist-fights between people are tragically still allowed.