RESUMEN
Ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS), is a rare subtype of sex cord-stromal tumor, characterized by hirsutism and virilization. There are, however, few tumor markers reported in the tumor. The following is a case report. Six years ago, the patient underwent a left adnexectomy after being diagnosed with a yolk sac tumor. Her serum CA72-4 levels were significantly elevated when she was diagnosed with SCT-NOS. She suffered from hirsutism and oligomenorrhea with long menstrual cycles. SCT-NOS was confirmed by her histopathological examination. When the tumor was diagnosed, serum CA72-4 levels were elevated. Following tumor resection, serum CA72-4 levels returned to the average reference interval. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was utilized to identify ten mutations in MKI67, TICAM1, CHD3, ARID5B, ERBB4, POLD1, FZR1, MTCP1, TBX3, and CLTC genes.
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Neoplasias Ováricas , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas/genética , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas/patología , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas/diagnóstico , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas/sangre , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas/cirugía , Adulto , Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
Despite widespread cervical cancer (CC) screening programs, low participation has led to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. Because early-stage CC often has no symptoms, a non-invasive and convenient diagnostic method is needed to improve disease detection. In this study, we developed a new approach for differentiating both CC and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2/3, a precancerous lesion, from healthy individuals by exploring CC fatty acid metabolic reprogramming. Analysis of public datasets suggested that various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes were expressed at higher levels in CC tissues than in normal tissues. Correspondingly, 11 free fatty acids (FFAs) showed significantly different serum levels in CC patient samples compared with healthy donor samples. Nine of these 11 FFAs also displayed significant alterations in CIN2/3 patients. We then generated diagnostic models using combinations of these FFAs, with the optimal model including stearic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggested that this diagnostic model could detect CC and CIN2/3 more accurately than using serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen level. In addition, the diagnostic model using FFAs was able to detect patients regardless of clinical stage or histological type. Overall, the serum FFA diagnostic model developed in this study could be a powerful new tool for the non-invasive early detection of CC and CIN2/3.
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Ácidos Esteáricos , Displasia del Cuello del Útero , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/sangre , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/sangre , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Ácidos Esteáricos/sangre , Adulto , Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Curva ROCRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is diagnosed relatively late and has a poor prognosis, requiring early detection to reduce the disease burden. This diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis evaluated the serological diagnostic value of nine EBV-related IgA antibody panels (EBNA1-IgA, VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, Zta-IgA, EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA, VCA-IgA + EA-IgA, VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG, EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA + Zta-IgA and VCA-IgA + EA-IgA + Rta-IgG), aiming to identify suitable serological detection biomarkers for NPC screening. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database were searched from January 1st, 2000 to September 30th, 2023, with keywords nasopharyngeal carcinoma, IgA, screening, early detection, early diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity. Articles on the diagnostic value of serum EBV-related IgA antibody panels for NPC were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers, and a third researcher was consulted in the case of disagreement. Bivariate models were used for statistical analysis. The quality of included studies was evaluated through Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS-2). RESULTS: A total of 70 articles were included, involving 11 863 NPC cases and 34 995 controls. Among the nine EBV-related IgA antibody panels, EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA [0.928 (0.898, 0.950)], VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG [0.925 (0.890, 0.949)], EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA + Zta-IgA [0.962 (0.909, 0.985)] and VCA-IgA + EA-IgA + Rta-IgG [0.945 (0.918, 0.964)] demonstrated higher pooled sensitivity (95%CI). In terms of diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (95%CI), EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA [107.647 (61.173, 189.430)], VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG [105.988 (60.118, 186.857)] and EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA + Zta-IgA [344.450 (136.351, 870.153)] showed superior performance. Additionally, the SROC curves for EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA and VCA-IgA + Rta-IgG were more favorable. However, publication bias was detected for VCA-IgA (P = 0.005) and EBNA1-IgA + VCA-IgA (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: In general, parallel detection of serum EBNA1-IgA, VCA-IgA and Zta-IgA antibodies using ELISA demonstrates better pooled sensitivity and DOR among the studied panels. In the cases where fewer indicators are used, serum VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA/Rta-IgG antibody panel exhibits a comparable performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42023426984, registered on May 28, 2023.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Inmunoglobulina A , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/inmunología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/complicaciones , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/sangre , Antígenos Nucleares del Virus de Epstein-Barr/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Inmunoglobulina A/inmunología , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/inmunología , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/virología , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/sangre , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/inmunología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/sangre , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/virología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Pruebas Serológicas/métodosRESUMEN
Importance: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) poses a substantial clinical challenge despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. While tissue biopsies offer a static snapshot of disease, liquid biopsy-through detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-provides minimally invasive, real-time insight into tumor biology. Objective: To determine the association between ctDNA and survival outcomes in patients with MBC. Data Sources: An electronic search was performed in 5 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science) and included all articles published from inception until October 23, 2023. Study Selection: To be included in the meta-analysis, studies had to (1) include women diagnosed with MBC; (2) report baseline plasma ctDNA data; and (3) report overall survival, progression-free survival, or disease-free survival with associated hazards ratios. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Titles and abstracts were screened independently by 2 authors. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, and quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary study outcome was the association between detection of specific genomic alterations in ctDNA with survival outcomes. Secondary objectives were associations of study methodology with survival. Results: Of 3162 articles reviewed, 37 met the inclusion criteria and reported data from 4264 female patients aged 20 to 94 years. Aggregated analysis revealed a significant association between ctDNA detection and worse survival (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58). Subgroup analysis identified significant associations of TP53 and ESR1 alterations with worse survival (hazard ratios, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.34-1.81] and 1.28 [95% CI, 0.96-1.60], respectively), while PIK3CA alterations were not associated with survival outcomes. Stratifying by detection method, ctDNA detection through next-generation sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction was associated with worse survival (hazard ratios, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.22-1.74] and 1.28 [95% CI, 1.05-1.50], respectively). Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, detection of specific genomic alterations in ctDNA was associated with worse overall, progression-free, and disease-free survival, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker in MBC. These results may help guide the design of future studies to determine the actionability of ctDNA findings.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , ADN Tumoral Circulante , Humanos , ADN Tumoral Circulante/sangre , ADN Tumoral Circulante/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Gliomas are highly complex and metabolically active brain tumors associated with poor prognosis. Recent reports have found altered levels of blood metabolites during early tumor development, suggesting that tumor development could be detected several years before clinical manifestation. In this study, we performed metabolite analyses of blood samples collected from healthy controls and future glioma patients, up to eight years before glioma diagnosis, and on the day of glioma surgery. We discovered that metabolites related to early glioma development were associated with an increased energy turnover, as highlighted by elevated levels of TCA-related metabolites such as fumarate, malate, lactate and pyruvate in pre-diagnostic cases. We also found that metabolites related to glioma progression at surgery were primarily high levels of amino acids and metabolites of amino acid catabolism, with elevated levels of 11 amino acids and two branched-chain alpha-ketoacids, ketoleucine and ketoisoleucine. High amino acid turnover in glioma tumor tissue is currently utilized for PET imaging, diagnosis and delineation of tumor margins. By examining blood-based metabolic progression patterns towards disease onset, we demonstrate that this high amino acid turnover is also detectable in a simple blood sample. These findings provide additional insight of metabolic alterations during glioma development and progression.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Humanos , Glioma/sangre , Glioma/cirugía , Glioma/diagnóstico , Glioma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/sangre , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Aminoácidos/sangre , Aminoácidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently detected in late stages, which leads to limited therapeutic options and a dismal overall survival rate. To date, no robust method for the detection of early-stage PDAC that can be used for targeted screening approaches is available. Liquid biopsy allows the minimally invasive collection of body fluids (typically peripheral blood) and the subsequent analysis of circulating tumor cells or tumor-associated molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, or metabolites that may be useful for the early diagnosis of PDAC. Single biomarkers may lack sensitivity and/or specificity to reliably detect PDAC, while combinations of these circulating biomarkers in multimarker panels may improve the sensitivity and specificity of blood test-based diagnosis. In this narrative review, we present an overview of different liquid biopsy biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PDAC and discuss the validity of multimarker panels.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Biopsia Líquida/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangre , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/sangreRESUMEN
Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional ability to align with human intentions. We present an LLM-based model-instruction-tuned LLM for assessment of cancer (iLLMAC)-that can detect cancer using cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) end-motif profiles. Developed on plasma cfDNA sequencing data from 1135 cancer patients and 1106 controls across three datasets, iLLMAC achieved area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.866 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.773-0.959] for cancer diagnosis and 0.924 (95% CI, 0.841-1.0) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection using 16 end-motifs. Performance increased with more motifs, reaching 0.886 (95% CI, 0.794-0.977) and 0.956 (95% CI, 0.89-1.0) for cancer diagnosis and HCC detection, respectively, with 64 end-motifs. On an external-testing set, iLLMAC achieved AUROC of 0.912 (95% CI, 0.849-0.976) for cancer diagnosis and 0.938 (95% CI, 0.885-0.992) for HCC detection with 64 end-motifs, significantly outperforming benchmarked methods. Furthermore, iLLMAC achieved high classification performance on datasets with bisulfite and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine sequencing. Our study highlights the effectiveness of LLM-based instruction-tuning for cfDNA-based cancer detection.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células , Humanos , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/sangre , Curva ROC , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Motivos de Nucleótidos , Metilación de ADNRESUMEN
Before implementing a biomarker in routine clinical care, it must demonstrate clinical utility by leading to clinical actions that positively affect patient-relevant outcomes. Randomly controlled early detection utility trials, especially those targeting mortality endpoint, are challenging due to their high costs and prolonged duration. Special design considerations are required to determine the clinical utility of early detection assays. This commentary reports on discussions among the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network investigators, outlining the recommended process for carrying out single-organ biomarker-driven clinical utility studies. We present the early detection utility studies in the context of phased biomarker development. We describe aspects of the studies related to the features of biomarker tests, the clinical context of endpoints, the performance criteria for later phase evaluation, and study size. We discuss novel adaptive design approaches for improving the efficiency and practicality of clinical utility trials. We recommend using multiple strategies, including adopting real-world evidence, emulated trials, and mathematical modeling to circumvent the challenges in conducting early detection utility trials.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias , Proyectos de Investigación , Humanos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Background: Although CA19-9 is an essential blood biomarker of pancreatic cancer (PC), its sensitivity and specificity are limited for early detection. Methods: We analyzed the serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (sPCSK9) in PC patients, benign disease groups (BDG), and healthy controls (HC) by ELISA. Results: Consistently, sPCSK9 was considerably lower in PC patients than in HC (Z = -2.546, P < 0.05), and sPCSK9 in PC patients was statistically significantly higher than in BDG (Z = -5.457, P < 0.001). sPCSK9 was linked to the invasion of lymph nodes (χ2 = 6.846, P < 0.01). According to ROC curves, combining sPCSK9 with CA19-9 could potentially enhance the diagnostic capability of CA19-9 in early-stage PC patients. Furthermore, the low sPCSK9 group (n = 41) exhibited statistically significantly prolonged overall survival compared to the high sPCSK9 group (n = 15), with median survival times of 27 months (95% CI [17.59-36.41]) and 11 months (95% CI [7.21-14.79]), respectively (P = 0.022). Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of CA19-9 for early-stage PC patients could be improved by combining sPCSK9 with CA19-9. Moreover, the higher sPCSK9 group has a significantly shorter overall survival rate.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Proproteína Convertasa 9 , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidad , Masculino , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Proproteína Convertasa 9/sangre , Anciano , Adulto , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Antígeno CA-19-9/sangre , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an average size of 50-150 nm, transfer various biomolecules and exchange signaling molecules between cells in a paracrine manner. Molecular investigations have revealed that EVs can reflect real-time metabolic changes in normal- and cancer-origin cells and thus harbor valid diagnostic biomarkers. Despite these advantages, the detection of low concentrations of cancer cell EVs in biological fluids is still a great challenge. Here, a new electrochemical Exosensor based on platinum-perovskite is developed for the direct detection of EVs using a biotinylated monoclonal CD63 antibody as a capture element. The label-free method exhibited higher sensitivity with a lower limit of quantification of 2000 EVs/µL with a dynamic linear range (LDR) of 2000 to 14,000 EVs/µL compared with other available methods. To enhance the selectivity of detection, EVs were simultaneously sandwiched between secondary antibodies of PSA (prostate-specific antigen), as an FDA-approved prostate cancer biomarker. Data indicated that this Exosensor can distinguish normal and cancer EVs in samples from healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients. Taken together, this technology offers a unique approach to label-free quantification of EVs and cancer detection in the early stages.
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Nanocompuestos , Platino (Metal) , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Platino (Metal)/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/inmunología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Exosomas/química , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Antígeno Prostático Específico/análisis , Antígeno Prostático Específico/inmunología , Límite de Detección , Tetraspanina 30/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oral cancers, which include tumors of the oral cavity, salivary glands, and pharynx, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for over 90% of malignant oral lesions, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being notably common in the Indian subcontinent and other regions of Asia. This is especially true in South-Central Asia, including Sri Lanka, where it is particularly prevalent among men. This study aims to evaluate the levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) mRNAs in whole blood as a potential method for the early detection of OSCC. METHODS: The study included 40 patients (each from OSCC, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF), Oral Leukoplakia (OLK), Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), and 10 healthy controls. The expression levels of VEGF-A and CK-19 mRNAs were measured from extracellular RNA extracted from whole blood samples using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with sequence-specific primers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of these biomarkers in detecting OSCC. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a significant increase in blood transcripts of the candidate mRNAs CK-19 and VEGF-A in patients with OSCC, OSF, OLK, and OLP. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a p-value of 0.002 for each specific comparison between diseased patients and healthy controls (i.e., OSCC vs. HC, OSF vs. HC, OLP vs. HC, OLK vs. HC) for both CK-19 and VEGF-A. When these two biomarkers were used together, they provided a 60% predictive probability for patients with OSCC (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the efficacy of blood mRNA transcriptome diagnostics in detecting OSCC. This innovative clinical approach has the potential to be a robust, efficient, and reliable tool for early cancer detection. Blood-based transcriptomes could be further explored for their effectiveness in various health contexts and for routine health monitoring.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Queratina-19 , Leucoplasia Bucal , Neoplasias de la Boca , Fibrosis de la Submucosa Bucal , ARN Mensajero , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Humanos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/sangre , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangre , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/sangre , Fibrosis de la Submucosa Bucal/sangre , Fibrosis de la Submucosa Bucal/genética , Femenino , Leucoplasia Bucal/sangre , Leucoplasia Bucal/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Queratina-19/sangre , Adulto , Liquen Plano Oral/sangre , Liquen Plano Oral/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Lesiones Precancerosas/sangre , Lesiones Precancerosas/genética , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Anciano , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Objective: We conducted this meta-analysis to comprehensively explore the prognostic value of the preoperative plasma fibrinogen in Asian patients diagnosed with urothelial cancer (UC). Methods: After a systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase before May 2024, we included 10 studies in our meta-analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression free survival (PFS) were estimated using fixed effect model. Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 2875 patients. UC patients with an elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen had worse OS (pooled HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.81-2.51; P<0.001), CSS (pooled HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.83-2.70; P<0.001), RFS (pooled HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.59-2.27; P<0.001), and PFS (pooled HR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.36-3.29, P=0.001). No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was found. Additionally, statistically significant pooled HRs were also calculated in subgroup analysis when stratified by cancer type, country, and cut-off value. Conclusions: The presence of elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels is significantly correlated with unfavorable tumor outcomes in UCs.
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Pueblo Asiatico , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Fibrinógeno , Humanos , Fibrinógeno/análisis , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Periodo Preoperatorio , Neoplasias Urológicas/cirugía , Neoplasias Urológicas/sangre , Neoplasias Urológicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologíaRESUMEN
The significance of HER-1 and CA 125 lies in their ability to guide cancer diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, improving personalized care and enhancing prognostic accuracy. The utilization of HER-1 and CA 125 as screening biomarkers for the anticipation of early-stage cancer and monitoring cancer progression is expanding due to the invasive and costly nature of present techniques. In this study, a novel stochastic sensor was developed for the simultaneous determination of HER-1 and CA 125 in whole blood, saliva, and gastric tumor tissue samples using a fast, easy, inexpensive, and portable method. The stochastic sensor was prepared by electropolymerization of cysteine on the surface of the Au-TiO2@rGO/SPCE sensor. The Au-TiO2@rGO nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple chemical reduction process. The proposed sensor showed wide linear concentration ranges and very low limits of quantification (LOQ). The concentration ranges were from 3.9 × 10-14 to 3.9 × 10-8 µg mL-1, with a LOQ of 3.9 × 10-14 µg mL-1 for HER-1. For CA 125, the concentration ranges were from 8.3 × 10-14 to 8.3 × 10-10 U mL-1, with a LOQ of 8.3 × 10-14 U mL-1. Both biomarkers exhibit precise discrimination in different biological samples, with recoveries above 96.78% and RSD values below 0.04%. With a confidence level of 99%, the Student t-test revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between the outcomes obtained by using the poly-Cys/Au-TiO2@rGO/SPCE sensor for screening examinations of biological samples. This was determined because the results were not significantly different from one another.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Antígeno Ca-125 , Oro , Grafito , Neoplasias Gástricas , Titanio , Humanos , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Antígeno Ca-125/análisis , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangre , Titanio/química , Oro/química , Grafito/química , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Límite de Detección , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Cisteína/sangre , Cisteína/química , Saliva/química , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Procesos Estocásticos , Nanocompuestos/química , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the significance of serum hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/HIF-2 α and Chitinase 3-Like protein 1 (YKL-40) levels in the assessment of vascular invasion and prognostic outcomes in patients with Follicular Thyroid Cancer (FTC). METHODS: This prospective study comprised 83 patients diagnosed with FTC, who were subsequently categorized into a recurrence group (17 cases) and a non-recurrence group (66 cases). The pathological features of tumor vascular invasion were classified. Serum HIF-1α/HIF-2α and YKL-40 were quantified using a dual antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. The Spearman test was employed to assess the correlation between serum factors, and the predictive value of diagnostic factors was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to analyze independent factors influencing prognosis. RESULTS: Serum HIF-1α, HIF-2α, YKL-40, and Tg were elevated in patients exhibiting higher vascular invasion. A significant positive correlation was observed between Tg and HIF-1α, as well as between HIF-1α and YKL-40. The cut-off values for HIF-1α and YKL-40 in predicting recurrence were 48.25 pg/mL and 60.15 ng/mL, respectively. Patients exceeding these cut-off values experienced a lower recurrence-free survival rate. Furthermore, serum levels surpassing the cut-off value, in conjunction with vascular invasion (v2+), were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence in patients with FTC. CONCLUSION: Serum HIF-1α/HIF-2α and YKL-40 levels correlate with vascular invasion in FTC, and the combination of HIF-1α and YKL-40 predicts recurrence in patients with FTC.
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Adenocarcinoma Folicular , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Proteína 1 Similar a Quitinasa-3 , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Invasividad Neoplásica , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Humanos , Proteína 1 Similar a Quitinasa-3/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Adulto , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/sangre , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patología , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/mortalidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/mortalidad , Anciano , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Valores de Referencia , Adulto Joven , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Curva ROCRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumours, which is characterized by rich vascularization. The role of angiogenesis in NETs has been widely researched. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an effective treatment method for patients with disease progression in NETs. Due to the heterogeneousness of NETs, the response to treatment varies. Currently, the finding of efficient markers helpful in assessing the response to treatment in NETs is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess chromogranin A (CgA) and angiogenic factors in gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) and broncho-pulmonary (BP) NET patients treated with PRRT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 40 patients with GEP NETs and BP NETs who completed four cycles of PRRT. Serum levels of CgA and angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3), were assessed before and after four cycles of PRRT. All tests were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: The concentration of CgA, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 decreased significantly, whereas VEGF-R3 increased significantly after PRRT. PRRT did not affect VEGF, it was similar before and after the radioisotope treatment. Based on AUROC, only for VEGF-R1 AUC was a consequence of 0.7 which can be considered as a good response to PRRT treatment. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF-R1 may be a potential biomarker useful in assessing the effectiveness of PRRT in NET patients.
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Cromogranina A , Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Humanos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/radioterapia , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , Cromogranina A/sangre , Receptores de Péptidos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Neovascularización Patológica/radioterapia , Neovascularización Patológica/sangre , Octreótido/análogos & derivados , Octreótido/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In their letter-to-the-editor entitled "Letter to the Editor: Incidence rate of occult lymph node metastasis in clinical T1 - 2N0M0 small cell lung cancer patients and radiomic prediction based on contrast-enhanced CT imaging: a multicenter study", Prof. Chen et al. provided insightful comments and suggestions on our original study. We appreciate the authors' feedback and have conducted a preliminary exploration of the predictive value of serum tumor markers (TMs) for occult lymph node metastasis (OLM) in clinical T1 - 2N0M0 (cT1 - 2N0M0) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The results indicate that neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) have potential predictive value for detecting OLM in cT1 - 2N0M0 SCLC patients. Additionally, further exploration and confirmation through prospective, large-scale studies with robust external validation are needed.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Metástasis Linfática , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/sangre , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangre , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: The soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) serve as a valuable biomarker for tumors in human patients, as its levels increase during the activation of T lymphocytes in clinical states such as inflammation, infection, and tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate that sIL-2R levels can be also elevated in dogs with tumors and evaluate its applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in canine cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum was collected from 6 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with solid tumors. The concentration of sIL-2R was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: The median sIL-2R concentration was significantly higher in dogs with solid masses than in healthy dogs (117.3 vs 68.33 pg/ml, p = 0.016). The highest median sIL-2R concentration was found in dogs with malignant tumors, followed by those with benign tumors, and healthy dogs (119.6 vs 93.74 vs 68.33 pg/ml, respectively). In dogs with malignant tumors, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with high sIL-2R levels than in the group with low sIL-2R levels. Dogs with solid tumors, particularly those with malignant tumors, had higher concentrations of sIL-2R than healthy dogs. Among dogs with malignant tumors, a correlation between sIL-2R concentration and mortality rate was confirmed. CONCLUSION: Serum sIL-2R levels may be used to detect malignant tumors and serve as a prognostic factor in dogs with malignant tumors.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias , Receptores de Interleucina-2 , Perros , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Receptores de Interleucina-2/sangre , Neoplasias/veterinaria , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/sangre , Masculino , Pronóstico , Femenino , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinariaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hotspots (HS) mutations in the PIK3CA gene may lead to poorer oncological outcomes and endocrine resistance in advanced breast cancer (BC), but their prognostic role in early-stage disease remains controversial. The overall agreement within plasma and tissue methods has not been well explored. Our aim was to correlate tissue and plasma approaches and to analyze the prognostic impact of PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAm) in HR+/HER2- BC. METHODS: A retrospective and unicentric analysis of PIK3CA mutational status in tissue and plasma samples by Cobas®PIK3CA Mutation Kit in patients with HR+/HER2- BC. RESULTS: We analyzed 225 samples from 161 patients with luminal BC. PIK3CA mutations were identified in 62 patients (38.5%), of which 39.6% were found in tissue and 11.8% in plasma. In advanced disease, plasma and tissue correlation rate was performed in 64 cases, with an overall agreement of 70.3%. Eighty patients were treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors + endocrine therapy. We observed a moderately worse progression-free survival (PFS) in PIK3CAm versus wild-type (WT) (24 m vs. 30 m; HR = 1.39, p = 0.26). A subanalysis was carried out based on exons 9 and 20, which showed a statistically poorer PFS in PIK3CAm exon 9 versus 20 population (9.7 m vs. 30.3 m; HR = 2.84; p = 0.024). Furthermore, detection of PIK3CAm in plasma was linked to a worse PFS vs PIK3CAm detection just in tissue (12.4 vs. 29.3; HR = 2.4; p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the PIK3CA evaluation in tissue as the diagnostic method of choice, however, additional investigations are required to improve the role of liquid biopsy in the PIK3CA assessment. PIK3CAm show worse outcomes in advanced luminal BC, especially in exon 9 mutation carriers, despite visceral involvement, prior exposure to endocrine therapy or detection of PIK3CAm in plasma, with an unclear prognosis in early-stage disease. Nonetheless, this should be validated in a prospective cohort study.