RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Weeksella virosa pneumonia is an infection that has been described as a healthcare-associated infection. This is a rare gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with the use of mechanical ventilation for a long period of time and is more frequent in immunosuppressed patients. This is the first case reported in the state of Veracruz and the second in Mexico. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 64-year-old female from Veracruz, Mexico who developed an infectious process in the right pelvic limb after a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure and subsequently developed sudden cardiorespiratory arrest requiring mechanical ventilation, with subsequent imaging studies demonstrating a pneumonic process associated with a nosocomial infection. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We should take into consideration that this pathogen affects not only adults with multiple comorbidities but also children with renal, hepatic, or oncological pathologies, as well as immunocompromised patients, who should be considered high-risk populations for W. virosa infection.
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Infección Hospitalaria , Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador , Adulto , Femenino , Niño , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador/diagnóstico , Composición de Base , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Bacterias Aerobias , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The in vitro antagonistic activity of Bacillus velezensis LABIM40 (strain CMRP 4489) was assessed against Alternaria linariae, Botryotinia squamosa, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Gibberella zeae, and Rhizoctonia solani. An experiment was conducted using treated seeds under growth chamber conditions to determine the impact of various LABIM40 formulations on tomato seedling growth and the biocontrol of damping-off caused by R. solani. The treatments included the use of LABIM40 cell suspension, LABIM40 cell-free supernatant (CFS), 10 times concentrated CFS (10× CFS), commercial products based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CP_1) and Bacillus subtilis (CP_2), and water. The effects of these products were assessed on tomato seedlings grown in sterile substrate or substrate inoculated with R. solani. In a dual culture test, B. velezensis LABIM40 inhibited the mycelial growth of the aforementioned fungal pathogens by 46.6%, 67.4%, 64.7%, 49.0%, and 54.4%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration against each fungus was determined using varying concentrations of CFS in potato dextrose agar medium, followed by a regression analysis of mycelial growth inhibition. Except for A. linariae, the logarithmic model provided the best fit in all cases. Tomato seedlings from seeds treated with 10× CFS in inoculated substrate exhibited a survival rate 57% higher than that exhibited by the control treatment. However, no growth promotion was observed in tomato plants from seeds treated with LABIM40 cells or its CFS metabolites. In summary, these findings highlight the antagonistic activity of B. velezensis LABIM40 against A. linariae, B. squamosa, C. lindemuthianum, G. zeae, and R. solani, as demonstrated by dual culture and CFS diffusion tests. This suggests its potential as a biocontrol agent for damping-off in tomatoes.(AU)
O antagonismo do Bacillus velezensis LABIM40 (cepa CMRP 4489) foi avaliado in vitro contra Alternaria linariae, Botryotinia squamosa, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Gibberella zeae e Rhizoctonia solani. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes formulações de LABIM40 no crescimento de mudas de tomateiro e no biocontrole do tombamento causado por R. solani, foi conduzido um experimento com sementes tratadas em condições de câmara de crescimento. Os tratamentos foram suspensão de células de LABIM40, LABIM40 SLC, SLC 10 vezes concentrado (10xSLC), produtos comerciais à base de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (PC_1) e Bacillus subtilis (PC_2) e água. Os efeitos do produto foram avaliados em mudas de tomate cultivadas em substrato estéril e em substrato inoculado com R. solani. No teste de cultura dupla, B. velezensis LABIM40 inibiu em 46,6, 67,4, 64,7, 49,0 e 54,4% o crescimento micelial desses fungos fitopatogênicos, respectivamente. A concentração inibitória mínima para cada fungo foi determinada por diferentes concentrações de sobrenadante livre de células (SLC) em meio de batata dextrose ágar (PDA), seguido de análise de regressão da inibição do crescimento micelial. Com exceção de A. linariae, em todos os casos o modelo com melhor ajuste foi o logarítmico. A sobrevivência de mudas de tomate de sementes tratadas com 10xSLC em substrato inoculado foi 57% maior do que o tratamento controle. Não foi observada promoção de crescimento em plantas de tomate oriundas de sementes tratadas com células de LABIM40 ou metabólitos de seu SLC. Coletivamente, esses resultados destacam a atividade antagonista de B. velezensis LABIM40 contra A. linariae, B. squamosa, C. lindemuthianum, G. zeae e R. solani verificada por cultura dupla e testes de difusão de sobrenadante livre de células e seu potencial como agente de biocontrole do tombamento do tomateiro.(AU)
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Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Bacterias Aerobias , Técnicas In Vitro , Control Biológico de VectoresRESUMEN
To determine the distribution patterns of pigmented bacteria of the Bacilaceae family in different physiographic zones and ecological niches, we recovered 787 isolates from 185 environmental samples (including the areas with radiation pollution). Among the strains obtained, 149 pigmented representatives were detected, which synthesized intracellular and extracellular pigments of yellow, red, pink, and dark colors. In compliance with physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic features, the isolates were identified as 7 species of the Bacilaceae family. We demonstrated that the ability to synthesize pigments significantly depended on the culture medium composition. According to the color of the colonies, the absorption spectra of pigment extracts, their physicochemical properties, and the implementation of several qualitative tests, the pigmented isolates were divided into ten groups. The relative number of pigmented strains in the physiographic zone was consistent with the total level of solar radiation for the year. Most pigmented members of the Bacillaceae family were recovered from deserts and semi-deserts, and fewest of them originated from mixed forests. We show that among the studied ecological niches, pigmented strains were most often isolated from the phyllosphere and aquatic environment and least often from soils. However, the isolates from soils and aquatic environments exhibited a greater diversity of pigmentation, and a lesser variety of colored strains was obtained from the phyllosphere and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. We established that the quantitative and qualitative composition of pigmented isolates from the areas with radiation contamination differed significantly from those coming from the natural radiation background.
Asunto(s)
Bacillaceae , Animales , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias Aerobias , Bosques , Suelo , Esporas BacterianasRESUMEN
Ozone application has been suggested as an additional measure to the slaughter animals under hygiene programs. In this study, we determined the efficacy of gaseous ozone applied to pig carcasses during chilling (16 h at 2-5°C). Forty carcasses were allocated to each treatment: control, without ozone application (T1) and 5 ppm gaseous ozone application (T2), divided in two 4-h periods. The carcasses were sampled before and after chilling. The average counts of total aerobic mesophilic (TAM) bacteria before chilling were not different (p = 0.55) between T1 and T2. In turn, after chilling, the ozone-treated carcasses had significantly reduced about 0.4 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2 of TAM counts (p < 0.001) than the control carcasses. No significant reduction was observed in the number of carcasses positive for Listeria sp. and Escherichia coli after gaseous ozone treatment; while a tendency (p = 0.08) of lower number of Salmonella positive carcasses in T2 was observed. Common macrorestriction (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) patterns of S. enterica were observed in the carcasses before and after chilling. Pork samples from treated and untreated carcasses with ozone showed no lipid oxidation or altered color and pH. The results indicate that the gaseous ozone in the tested protocol is effective in reducing TAM populations, but not effective in decreasing the number of carcasses positive for E. coli and Listeria sp. Regarding Salmonella, the tendency of positive carcasses reduction may encourage further studies by testing other protocols of gaseous ozone application inside the chilling chamber.
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Microbiología de Alimentos , Ozono , Mataderos , Animales , Bacterias Aerobias , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Escherichia coli , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Carne/microbiología , Ozono/farmacología , Salmonella , PorcinosRESUMEN
A conjuntivite bacteriana tem significante impacto na Saúde Pública. Essa infecção representa mais de um terço das doenças oculares relatadas em âmbito global. É uma doença altamente contagiosa causada por variedade de bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias. Diferentes antibióticos empregados no tratamento dessa doença têm apresentado elevada incidência de resistência bacteriana. Dentre os antibióticos de última geração, destaca-se o besifloxacino, antibiótico de quarta geração da classe das fluoroquinolonas, indicado exclusivamente para uso oftálmico tópico. Entretanto, esse fármaco possui baixa solubilidade em água, diminuindo sua biodisponibilidade. Tendo em vista superar esse desafio, foi proposta abordagem nanotecnológica para o desenvolvimento de nanocristais desse fármaco. A preparação de nanocristais de besifloxacino empregando moagem via úmida em escala reduzida foi promissora empregando tensoativo Povacoat®. O Diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio (DHM) da partícula foi de aproximadamente 550 nm, com índice de polidispersão (IP) menor que 0,2. Esse resultado permitiu aumentar a solubilidade de saturação em aproximadamente duas vezes em relação a matéria-prima, possibilitando aumentar a velocidade de dissolução desse fármaco e melhorar sua biodisponibilidade e segurança. Além disso, foi validado o método para quantificação do besifloxacino por CLAE, apresentando especificidade, linearidade no intervalo de 20 a 80µg/mL (r= 0,9996), precisão por repetibilidade (DPR= 1,20%, 0,84% e 0,39%), precisão intermediária (DPR= 0,94%) e exatidão 99,03%. Estudo de estabilidade acelerado (90 dias) na condição 40°C±2°C/75%UR±5%UR e estudo de estabilidade de acompanhamento (150 dias) na condição: 25°C ± 2°C / 60% UR ± 5% UR evidenciaram a estabilidade do teor no período avaliado. Ainda, a nanossuspensão de besifloxacino 0,6% m/m (nanocristais) na dose máxima (500 mg/kg) e o estabilizante Povacoat® (750 mg/kg) não apresentaram toxicidade em larvas de G. mellonella. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para a formulação inovadora foi de 0,0960 µg/mL e 1,60 µg/mL frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectivamente, confirmando eficácia in vitro
Bacterial conjunctivitis greatly impacts the population's health, presenting more than a third of eye diseases reported worldwide. It is an infection caused by various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and is highly contagious. Therefore, it presents a high incidence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics commonly used for treatment. Among the most recent antibiotics, besifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated exclusively for topical ophthalmic use. Due to its importance in treating bacterial conjunctivitis and its low solubility in the water, a nanotechnological approach was proposed to develop besifloxacin nanocrystals. The preparation of besifloxacin nanocrystals using small-scale wet milling was promising using Povacoat® surfactant. The particle's average hydrodynamic diameter (DHM) was approximately 550 nm, with a polydispersity index (IP) of less than 0.2. This result increased the saturation solubility approximately two times concerning the raw material, making it possible to increase the dissolution rate of this drug and improve its bioavailability and safety. In addition, the method for quantification of besifloxacin by HPLC was validated, presenting specificity, linearity in the range of 20 to 80µg/mL (r= 0.9996), precision by repeatability (DPR= 1.20%, 0.84% and 0.39%), intermediate precision (DPR= 0.94%) and accuracy 99.03%. Accelerated stability study (90 days) at 40°C±2°C/75%RH±5%RH condition and follow-up stability study (150 days) at 25°C ± 2°C / 60% RH ± condition 5% RH showed the stability of content in the evaluated period. Furthermore, the 0.6% besifloxacin nanosuspension (nanocrystals) at the maximum dose (500 mg/kg) and the Povacoat® stabilizer (750 mg/kg) did not show toxicity in G. mellonella larvae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to innovative formulation was 0.0960 µg/mL and e 1.60 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, confirming in vitro efficacy
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Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Química Farmacéutica , Química Física/instrumentación , Conjuntivitis Bacteriana/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/análisis , Bacterias Aerobias/clasificación , Técnicas In Vitro/instrumentación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Fluoroquinolonas , Disolución , Oftalmopatías/patología , Infecciones/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Caseous lesions in the esophagus of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the coast of Brazil have been described as obstructive lesions and can lead to the death of these animals. However, their etiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the aerobic bacterial microbiota of the esophagus of green turtles (C. mydas) from the Brazilian coast and to verify its possible participation in the etiology of caseous lesions. For this, 42 animals were used, 33 alive and healthy and 9 naturally dead that had esophageal lesions confirmed by necropsy, from Anchieta and Piúma beaches, Espírito Santo. Microbiological tests and morphological evaluation of the esophagus were performed. We isolated 14 different bacterial agents from healthy animal samples, with the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa being (36.36%), Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%), Aeromonas hydrophila (27.27%), and Vibrio alginolyticus (24.24%). In dead animals, only three distinct agents were isolated: S. aureus (50.00%), A. hydrophila (25.00%), and V. alginolyticus (25.00%). Morphological evaluation revealed a predominance of the lesions at the gastroesophageal junction, with multifocal-to-coalescent distribution, discrete intensity, and absence of obstruction. Ulcerations and caseous exudates, inflammatory infiltrates, parasitic eggs, and giant foreign body cells were also observed as well as bacterial lumps and glandular alterations, such as necrosis, adenitis, and fragments of adult parasites. There was a positive correlation between bacterial lumps and microbiological culture and a negative correlation between bacterial lumps and microbiological culture with parasites. Thus, it was noted that the esophageal aerobic microbiota of C. mydas was predominantly composed of Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila, and V. alginolyticus, in addition to several enterobacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. These agents are opportunists and may be involved in the etiology of caseous esophagitis in association with other pathogens as co-factors working in association or, even in a secondary way.(AU)
A ocorrência de lesão caseosa no esôfago de tartarugas-verdes (Chelonia mydas) da costa do Brasil tem sido descrita como de caráter obstrutivo e pode causar a morte dos animais. No entanto, sua etiologia permanece pouco esclarecida. Objetivou-se isolar e caracterizar a microbiota aeróbica esofágica das tartarugas-verdes (C. mydas) da costa brasileira e verificar sua possível participação na etiologia das lesões caseosas. Foram utilizados 42 animais, 33 vivos e hígidos e nove mortos naturalmente que apresentavam lesão esofágica confirmada pela necropsia, provenientes de Anchieta e Piúma, Espírito Santo, nos quais foram feitos testes microbiológicos e avaliação morfológica do esôfago. Foram isolados 14 agentes bacterianos diferentes nas amostras de animais saudáveis, com prevalência de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36,36%), Staphylococcus aureus (33,33%), Aeromonas hydrophila (27,27%) e Vibrio alginolyticus (24,24%). Nos animais mortos, foram isolados apenas três agentes distintos: S. aureus (50,00%), A. hydrophila (25,00%) e V. alginolyticus (25,00%). A avaliação morfológica revelou predominância da lesão em junção gastroesofágica, com distribuição multifocal a coalescente, intensidade discreta e ausência de obstrução. Observou-se ainda ulceração e exsudato caseoso, infiltrado inflamatório, ovos de parasitos e células gigantes do tipo corpo estranho, além de grumos bacterianos e de alterações glandulares, como necrose, adenite e fragmentos de parasitos adultos. Houve correlação positiva dos grumos bacterianos com cultivo microbiológico e negativa dos grumos bacterianos e cultivo microbiológico com parasitos. Assim, nota-se que a microbiota esofágica aeróbica de C. mydas é constituída predominantemente por bactérias Gram-negativas como P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila e V. alginolyticus, além de diversas enterobatérias e por Gram-positivas, como S. aureus. Esses agentes são oportunistas e podem estar envolvidos na etiologia da esofagite caseosa em associação a outros patógenos como co-fatores agindo em associação, ou mesmo, por via de infecção secundária.(AU)
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Animales , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Tortugas/microbiología , Esofagitis/etiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/veterinaria , Esófago/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Caseous lesions in the esophagus of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the coast of Brazil have been described as obstructive lesions and can lead to the death of these animals. However, their etiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the aerobic bacterial microbiota of the esophagus of green turtles (C. mydas) from the Brazilian coast and to verify its possible participation in the etiology of caseous lesions. For this, 42 animals were used, 33 alive and healthy and 9 naturally dead that had esophageal lesions confirmed by necropsy, from Anchieta and Piúma beaches, Espírito Santo. Microbiological tests and morphological evaluation of the esophagus were performed. We isolated 14 different bacterial agents from healthy animal samples, with the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa being (36.36%), Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%), Aeromonas hydrophila (27.27%), and Vibrio alginolyticus (24.24%). In dead animals, only three distinct agents were isolated: S. aureus (50.00%), A. hydrophila (25.00%), and V. alginolyticus (25.00%). Morphological evaluation revealed a predominance of the lesions at the gastroesophageal junction, with multifocal-to-coalescent distribution, discrete intensity, and absence of obstruction. Ulcerations and caseous exudates, inflammatory infiltrates, parasitic eggs, and giant foreign body cells were also observed as well as bacterial lumps and glandular alterations, such as necrosis, adenitis, and fragments of adult parasites. There was a positive correlation between bacterial lumps and microbiological culture and a negative correlation between bacterial lumps and microbiological culture with parasites. Thus, it was noted that the esophageal aerobic microbiota of C. mydas was predominantly composed of Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila, and V. alginolyticus, in addition to several enterobacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. These agents are opportunists and may be involved in the etiology of caseous esophagitis in association with other pathogens as co-factors working in association or, even in a secondary way.(AU)
A ocorrência de lesão caseosa no esôfago de tartarugas-verdes (Chelonia mydas) da costa do Brasil tem sido descrita como de caráter obstrutivo e pode causar a morte dos animais. No entanto, sua etiologia permanece pouco esclarecida. Objetivou-se isolar e caracterizar a microbiota aeróbica esofágica das tartarugas-verdes (C. mydas) da costa brasileira e verificar sua possível participação na etiologia das lesões caseosas. Foram utilizados 42 animais, 33 vivos e hígidos e nove mortos naturalmente que apresentavam lesão esofágica confirmada pela necropsia, provenientes de Anchieta e Piúma, Espírito Santo, nos quais foram feitos testes microbiológicos e avaliação morfológica do esôfago. Foram isolados 14 agentes bacterianos diferentes nas amostras de animais saudáveis, com prevalência de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36,36%), Staphylococcus aureus (33,33%), Aeromonas hydrophila (27,27%) e Vibrio alginolyticus (24,24%). Nos animais mortos, foram isolados apenas três agentes distintos: S. aureus (50,00%), A. hydrophila (25,00%) e V. alginolyticus (25,00%). A avaliação morfológica revelou predominância da lesão em junção gastroesofágica, com distribuição multifocal a coalescente, intensidade discreta e ausência de obstrução. Observou-se ainda ulceração e exsudato caseoso, infiltrado inflamatório, ovos de parasitos e células gigantes do tipo corpo estranho, além de grumos bacterianos e de alterações glandulares, como necrose, adenite e fragmentos de parasitos adultos. Houve correlação positiva dos grumos bacterianos com cultivo microbiológico e negativa dos grumos bacterianos e cultivo microbiológico com parasitos. Assim, nota-se que a microbiota esofágica aeróbica de C. mydas é constituída predominantemente por bactérias Gram-negativas como P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila e V. alginolyticus, além de diversas enterobatérias e por Gram-positivas, como S. aureus. Esses agentes são oportunistas e podem estar envolvidos na etiologia da esofagite caseosa em associação a outros patógenos como co-fatores agindo em associação, ou mesmo, por via de infecção secundária.(AU)
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Animales , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Tortugas/microbiología , Esofagitis/etiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/veterinaria , Esófago/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are highly abundant in the human body and can be found in various tissues, most prominently in connective tissue and basement membrane. For invasive bacterial pathogens, these structures function as physical barriers that block access to underlying tissues. The ability to bind and degrade these barriers is important for the establishment of infections and migration to other body sites. In the oral cavity, the ECM and the basement membrane (BM) are important components of the Junctional epithelium (JE) that closes the gap between the teeth surface and the mucosa. In periodontitis, the JE is breached by invading pathogenic bacteria, particularly strict anaerobic species. In periodontitis, invading microorganisms induce an unregulated and destructive host response through polymicrobial synergism and dysbiosis that attracts immune cells and contributes to the destruction of connective tissue and bone in the periodontal pocket. Colonization of the periodontal pocket is the first step to establish this infection, and binding to ECM is a major advantage in this site. Several species of strict anaerobic bacteria are implicated in acute and chronic periodontitis, and although binding to ECM proteins was studied in these species, few adhesins were identified so far, and the mechanisms involved in adhesion are largely unidentified. This review summarizes the data available on the interaction of strict anaerobic bacteria and components of the ECM.
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Bacterias Aerobias/patogenicidad , Adhesión Bacteriana , Inserción Epitelial/microbiología , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/microbiología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Adhesinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Anaerobiosis , HumanosRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the bacterial composition of collared peccary semen and foreskin mucosa, and to verify the sensitivity of isolates to antimicrobials used in semen conservation and to Aloe vera gel, which is an alternative external cryoprotectant. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine foreskin mucosa and ejaculate samples from adult animals were used. Sperm characteristics and bacterial load were evaluated in fresh semen. The preputial mucosa and semen bacterial isolates were identified and tested against five concentrations of each antimicrobial (streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin) and A. vera gel. Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were isolated in greater numbers than others in both semen (64·10 and 20·51%, respectively) and the foreskin mucosa (60·60 and 24·25%, respectively), and ranged from 0·4 to 21 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. The average load of Corynebacterium sp. was negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with the sperm membrane integrity (r = -0·73055) and curvilinear velocity (r = -0·69048). Streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin inhibited most micro-organisms, and A. vera showed lower antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION: Several Gram-positive bacteria are present in semen and foreskin mucosa of collared peccary, and the benefits of using primarily penicillin-streptomycin and gentamicin antimicrobials in the bacterial control of diluted semen of these animals are strongly indicated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides insight into the reproductive microbiota of captive male-collared peccary. This work provides a theoretical basis to assist reproductive biotechnologies for ex situ conservation of the species.
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Artiodáctilos/microbiología , Prepucio/microbiología , Microbiota , Semen/microbiología , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Aloe , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Artiodáctilos/fisiología , Bacterias Aerobias/clasificación , Bacterias Aerobias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Crioprotectores/farmacología , Masculino , Membrana Mucosa/microbiología , Espermatozoides/citologíaRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global threat to public health since multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have been reported worldwide carrying different antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and animals have been described as a reservoir of ARGs. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and ARGs in the food matrix is a risk to public health. This study aimed to research the presence of clinically relevant ARGs for important antimicrobials and genetic elements in fecal samples from dairy cows and calves on a Brazilian farm. In this study, a total of 21 fecal samples were collected, and then, the DNA of cultivable aerobic bacteria was extracted. Fifty-seven ARGs and twenty-three genetic elements were researched by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Several ARGs that confer resistance to ß-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, phenicols, aminoglycoside, glycopeptides, and macrolides were detected. A total of 200 amplicons from 23 ARGs (blaCTX-M-Gp2, blaCMY, blaSHV, tetA, tetB, tetC, qepA, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, oqxB, vanC1, vanC2/3, aadA, sul1, sul2, sul3, ermB, mefAE, floR, cmlA, aadA, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3')-Ia), and 145 amplicons from 12 genetic elements (IncF, IncFIA, IncFIB, IncI1, IncY, IncU, IncK, IncP, IncR, IncHI1, ColE-like, intI1) were detected. The results presented in this study call attention to the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms worldwide. MDR bacteria and ARGs can spread to different sources, including milk products, which are one of the most consumed products worldwide, representing a potential risk to human health.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Aerobias/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/microbiología , Microbiota , Animales , Bacterias Aerobias/clasificación , Bacterias Aerobias/genética , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Brasil , Bovinos/microbiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Femenino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tetraciclina/farmacología , beta-Lactamas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la calidad higiénico-sanitaria de dos sistemas de ordeño en fincas bovinas del municipio Maturín estado Monagas (Venezuela). El ensayo tuvo una duración de seis semanas, se calculó la eficiencia higiénica (%EH) de las instalaciones, el personal, la rutina de ordeño, la limpieza-desinfección y el almacenamiento-transporte de dos unidades de producción. Adicionalmente, se determinó la población de bacterias aerobias mesófilas (BAM) que se cuantificaron en un experimento en bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial de los tratamientos (2x2) donde el factor A, correspondió al sistema de ordeño manual y mecánico y el factor B, a la aplicación y omisión de secado de los pezones de cada animal previo al ordeño. La variable se examinó por análisis de varianza y sus valores promedios comparados por Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. El %EH de las fincas evaluadas fue de 66,66% para la finca 2 y de 54,84% para la finca 1, considerados no satisfactorios. Los resultados obtenidos para la variable BAM indican que el factor sistema de ordeño mostró diferencia altamente significativa (p ≤ 0,01); el sistema manual presentó el menor conteo con 5,24 Log10 UFC/ mL; mientras que para el factor condición de secado se constató diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0,05), ya que la aplicación de secado presentó la menor población de bacterias aerobias mesófilas con 5,25 Log10 UFC/mL. Las medidas higiénicas y sanitarias implementadas en la rutina de ordeño influyeron directamente en la calidad de la leche cruda.
ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation, was to evaluate the 'Hygienic-Sanitary Quality of two Milking Systems in Bovine Farms' in Vuelta Larga Sector, Maturín City, Monagas State (Venezuela). The trial lasted six weeks, in which the Hygienic Efficiency (% EH) of the facilities, the workers, the milking routine, the cleaning and disinfection measures and the storage and transport of both milking systems, were calculated. Furthermore, the population of Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (BAM) was determined ; The data were processed following a distribution in random blocks with factorial arrangement (2x2) whose factor A represented the milking system: manual and mechanical, and the factor B was the application and omission of manual drying of teats for each animal prior to milking. The percentage of Hygienic Efficiency (% EH) of the farms evaluated was not satisfactory, corresponding to 66.66% in the farm 2 and 54.84% in the farm 1. The variable was examined by analysis of variance and its mean values compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Factor A achieved a highly significant difference (p ≤0.01), with the manual system obtaining the lowest count with 5.24 Log10 CFU / mL. In factor B significant difference was found (p≤0.05), the drying application decreased the BAM population with 5.25 Log10 CFU / mL. The Hygienic and Sanitary measures implemented in the milking routine directly influence the quality of raw milk.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Bacterias Aerobias , Esterilización , Perfiles Sanitarios , Leche , Buenas Prácticas de Manipulación , Líquido Aspirado del Pezón , Microbiología , Bacterias , Bovinos , Diagnóstico , Eficiencia , PezonesRESUMEN
Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the first cause of acute abdomen, however, there is a little information about the associated bacteria and its sensibility profile. Objetive: To identify and to determine the resistance pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated in periapendicular fluid cultures taken in patients with acute appendicitis and to establish the proportions of isolates according to the clinical phase. Materials and methods: A descriptive and prospective study was undertaken at the Hospital Universitario de San José (Bogotá, Colombia) of patients older than sixteen years of age, undergoing an open appendectomy. A sample of periappendiceal fluid was taken, which was deposited directly into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles. Results: One hundred and fifty-four patients were included. The overall positivity of cultures was 87% (n=1344); 77% (n=118) for aerobes and 51% (n=79) for anaerobes. The proportion of positive cultures was lower in the uncomplicated appendicitis cases as compared to the complicated ones (80% (66/83) vs. 95%(67/71), p = 0.003). The microorganisms isolated most frequently were: Escherichia coli (53%) (n=84); Bacteroides spp. (25%) (n=25); Propionibacterium acnes (21%) (n=21); coagulase negative Staphylococci (17%) (n=27); Enterococcus spp. (11%) (n=15), and Fusobacterium spp. (11%) (n=11). The sensitivity of E. coli to ampicillin/sulbactam was 30%. The sensitivity of Bacteroides spp. to clindamycin and ampicillin/sulbactam was 91%. All anaerobe isolates were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem and metronidazole. Conclusions: Intraoperative cultures in acute appendicits are relevant in order to determine the local epidemiological pattern and to establish prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics for this pathology; direct inoculation in blood culture bottles allows a high recovery of microorganisms.
Introduccción. La apendicitis aguda es la primera causa de abdomen agudo; sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre las bacterias asociadas y su perfil de sensibilidad. Objetivo. Identificar y determinar el patrón de resistencia de las bacterias aerobias y anaerobias aisladas en cultivo de líquido periapendicular tomado de los pacientes con apendicitis aguda, y establecer la proporción de bacterias según la fase clínica. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en el Hospital Universitario de San José de Bogotá (Colombia), en pacientes mayores de 16 años sometidos a apendicectomía abierta. Se tomaron muestras de líquido periapendicular, las cuales se sembraron directamente en botellas de hemocultivos para aerobios y anaerobios. Resultados. Se incluyeron 154 pacientes. Del total de cultivos, el 87 % (n=134) fueron positivos: 77 % (n=118) para aerobios y 51 % (n=79) para anaerobios. La proporción de cultivos positivos fue inferior en los casos de apendicitis no complicada, en comparación con aquellos de apendicitis complicada (80 % (66/83) Vs. 95 % (67/71); p=0,003). Los microorganismos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Escherichia coli (53 %) (n=84), Bacteroides sp. (25 %) (n=25), Propionibacterium acnes (21 %) (n=21), Staphylococci coagulasa negativo (17 %) (n=27), Enterococcus sp. (10 %) (n=15) y Fusobacterium sp. (11 %) (n=11). La sensibilidad de E. coli a la amplicilina sulbactam fue de 30 %. La sensibilidad de Bacteroides spp. a la clindamicina y la ampicilina sulbactam fue de 91 %. El 100 % de los anaerobios fueron sensibles a piperacilina tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem y metronidazol. Conclusiones. Los cultivos intraoperatorios son pertinentes en la apendicitis para determinar el patrón epidemiológico local, y establecer los antibióticos profilácticos y terapéuticos para esta enfermedad. Su siembra directa en botellas de hemocultivo permite una gran recuperación de microorganismos.
Asunto(s)
Apendicitis/microbiología , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Cultivo de Sangre/instrumentación , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Apendicitis/complicaciones , Bacterias Aerobias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Anaerobias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteroides/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Enterococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Fusobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Propionibacterium acnes/efectos de los fármacos , Propionibacterium acnes/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introducción. La apendicitis aguda es la primera causa de abdomen agudo; sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre las bacterias asociadas y su perfil de sensibilidad. Objetivo. Identificar y determinar el patrón de resistencia de las bacterias aerobias y anaerobias aisladas en cultivo de líquido periapendicular tomado de los pacientes con apendicitis aguda, y establecer la proporción de bacterias según la fase clínica. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en el Hospital Universitario de San José de Bogotá (Colombia), en pacientes mayores de 16 años sometidos a apendicectomía abierta. Se tomaron muestras de líquido periapendicular, las cuales se sembraron directamente en botellas de hemocultivos para aerobios y anaerobios. Resultados. Se incluyeron 154 pacientes. Del total de cultivos, el 87 % (n=134) fueron positivos: 77 % (n=118) para aerobios y 51 % (n=79) para anaerobios. La proporción de cultivos positivos fue inferior en los casos de apendicitis no complicada, en comparación con aquellos de apendicitis complicada (80 % (66/83) Vs. 95 % (67/71); p=0,003). Los microorganismos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Escherichia coli (53 %) (n=84), Bacteroides sp. (25 %) (n=25), Propionibacterium acnes (21 %) (n=21), Staphylococci coagulasa negativo (17 %) (n=27), Enterococcus sp. (10 %) (n=15) y Fusobacterium sp. (11 %) (n=11). La sensibilidad de E. coli a la amplicilina sulbactam fue de 30 %. La sensibilidad de Bacteroides spp. a la clindamicina y la ampicilina sulbactam fue de 91 %. El 100 % de los anaerobios fueron sensibles a piperacilina tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem y metronidazol. Conclusiones. Los cultivos intraoperatorios son pertinentes en la apendicitis para determinar el patrón epidemiológico local, y establecer los antibióticos profilácticos y terapéuticos para esta enfermedad. Su siembra directa en botellas de hemocultivo permite una gran recuperación de microorganismos.
Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the first cause of acute abdomen, however, there is a little information about the associated bacteria and its sensibility profile. Objetive: To identify and to determine the resistance pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated in periapendicular fluid cultures taken in patients with acute appendicitis and to establish the proportions of isolates according to the clinical phase. Materials and methods: A descriptive and prospective study was undertaken at the Hospital Universitario de San José (Bogotá, Colombia) of patients older than sixteen years of age, undergoing an open appendectomy. A sample of periappendiceal fluid was taken, which was deposited directly into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles. Results: One hundred and fifty-four patients were included. The overall positivity of cultures was 87% (n=1344); 77% (n=118) for aerobes and 51% (n=79) for anaerobes. The proportion of positive cultures was lower in the uncomplicated appendicitis cases as compared to the complicated ones (80% (66/83) vs. 95%(67/71), p = 0.003). The microorganisms isolated most frequently were: Escherichia coli (53%) (n=84); Bacteroides spp. (25%) (n=25); Propionibacterium acnes (21%) (n=21); coagulase negative Staphylococci (17%) (n=27); Enterococcus spp. (11%) (n=15), and Fusobacterium spp. (11%) (n=11). The sensitivity of E.coli to ampicillin/sulbactam was 30%. The sensitivity of Bacteroides spp. to clindamycin and ampicillin/sulbactam was 91%. All anaerobe isolates were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem and metronidazole. Conclusions: Intraoperative cultures in acute appendicits are relevant in order to determine the local epidemiological pattern and to establish prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics for this pathology; direct inoculation in blood culture bottles allows a high recovery of microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Apendicitis , Bacterias Anaerobias , Bacterias Aerobias , Apendicectomía , Bacteroides fragilis , Líquido Ascítico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Background: The Brazilian domestic canine population are the second largest in the world and their feeding means 0.4%of the Brazilian gross domestic product. For maintaining the quality of the food, the companies use worldwide standardsfor technical prevention and control of contaminants and biological conservation. The packaging is part of this process,since it provides a barrier between food and environment. However, in Brazil, packagings are often opened in retail storesfor bulk marketing. The objectives of this work were to develop a methodology to detect viruses in foods and to analyzethe bacterial and fungal contamination in puppies food sold in bulk in Ivoti and Estância Velha, cities in Southern Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty samples collected between September and October 2016 were analyzed for mostprobable number of coliforms, Salmonella sp., mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold following the regulation of theBrazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply guidelines. They were also tested for Human MastadenovirusC (HAdV), Canine Mastadenovirus A (CAdV), and Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 (CPV) genomes. Viral analysis wereperformed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. During the collection of the samples hygienic-sanitary conditions, storage of feeds, animals access, dog grooming, and veterinary care were considered to evaluate the conditions ofeach store. A pilot study was carried out using one food sample marketed in bulk and one sample from the original package(closed package) and testing them for bacterial and fungal contamination for standardizing viral detection. Ten grams offood from the original package were mixed with 90 mL of Eagles Minimal Essential Medium (E-MEM) in 100 mL sterilebottles. These bottles were kept in room temperature and shaken for 60 min. Subsequently, aliquots were obtained by sequentially diluting the sample (10-2 to 10-4)...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Adenovirus Humanos/aislamiento & purificación , Alimentación Animal/microbiología , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergillus/aislamiento & purificación , Penicillium/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Hongos , Bacterias Aerobias , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
It is presented an alternative biological method based on biomineralization mechanisms of Magnetotactic Bacteria (MTB) for the removal in groundwater, of soluble elements such as Fe+2and Mn+2. In first place, it was compared the effectiveness of MTB retention methods for obtention of concentrated volumes in microorganisms, then, it was carried out an inoculation process in groundwater samples and evaluate the removal rate of Fe+2 and Mn+2 in constant conditions of pH and temperature. It was identified electromagnetic method is more efficient in MTB retention, and that the inoculation processes of an enriched solution with MTB in groundwater samples allow to get average removal rates of 47.86% for Fe+2 and 15.26% for Mn+2. In addition, it was evaluated the removal rate of other metals due to magnetic properties of biominerals inside of MTB magnetosome. The highest removal in all cases occurred between the interval of 3 and 5â¯min of interaction and tended to stabilize in time.
Asunto(s)
Agua Subterránea , Magnetosomas , Bacterias Aerobias , Hierro , ManganesoRESUMEN
RESUMEN El queso artesanal se ha convertido en un vehículo transmisor de microorganismos causantes de infecciones alimentarias. Este estudio busca identificar la carga microbiana presente en este producto y determinar el riesgo potencial para la salud pública con la Norma Técnica Colombiana 750. Se analizaron 31 muestras adquiridas en las tiendas comercializadores de queso artesanal con Registro de Cámara y Comercio de la ciudad de Tunja. Se determinó concentración microbiana de aerobios mesófilos, mohos y levaduras, Staphylococcus aureus, coliformes totales y fecales, Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella spp., mediante técnicas microbiológicos convencionales. Los valores promedios obtenidos para aerobios mesófilos fue de 6x106 UFC/g; coliformes totales de 6,29x105 UFC/g; coliformes fecales de 3,99x105 UFC/g, Staphylococcus aureus de 1,6x105 UFC/g y para mohos y levaduras de 4.1x105 UFC/g. Se realizó BBL Crystal ® a las colonias de agar nutritivo encontrándose una variedad de microorganismos, principalmente Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus durans, entre otros. La prevalencia de Listeria monocytogenes fue de 3,6% y en Salmonella sp de 3,1%. Todos los parámetros analizados presentaron recuentos superiores a los establecidos por la norma, indicando que las muestras no contaban con las condiciones higiénicas adecuadas para su consumo, debido principalmente a los procesos de elaboración artesanal del producto.
ABSTRACT Artisanal cheese has become a vehicle that transmits microorganisms that cause food borne infections. This study identified the microbial load present in this product and determined the potential risk to public health using the Colombian Technical Standard 750. Thirty-one samples from artisanal cheese trading stores registered in the Chamber and Commerce of the city of Tunja, Colombia were acquired and analyzed. Microbial concentration of mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, total and fecal coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were determined using conventional microbiological techniques. The average values obtained for aerobic mesophiles were 6x106 CFU/g; total coliforms 6.29x105 CFU/g; fecal coliforms of 3.99x105 CFU/g, Staphylococcus aureus of 1.6x105 CFU/g and for molds and yeasts of 4.1x105 CFU/g. BBL Crystal® was performed on nutritive agar colonies, and a variety of microorganisms were found, mainly Streptococcus uberis, and Enterococcus durans, among others. The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes was 3.6% and in Salmonella sp 3.1 %. All the analyzed parameters had higher counts than those established by the norm, indicating that the samples did not have the adequate hygienic conditions for their consumption, mainly due to the processes of artisanal elaboration of the product.
Asunto(s)
Control de Calidad , Bacterias Aerobias , Queso , Enterobacteriaceae , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Microbiota , ColombiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cleaning and disinfection processes must be improved so that there is a reduction in environmental contamination of frequent-contact surfaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate cleaning and disinfection of surfaces at a specialized healthcare unit after an intervention program. METHODS: Exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational study carried out in a medium-complexity clinic. Two hundred and forty samples from five surfaces were collected during three phases: diagnosis; implementation of an intervention program; and evaluation of immediate and long-term effects. In total, 720 evaluations were made, performed through three monitoring methods: visual inspection; adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay (ATP); and aerobic colony count (ACC). The Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher's Exact tests were run to analyze data statistically. RESULTS: Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces were not being performed properly in most cases. Failure rates of surfaces reached 37.5 and 100% when the ATP and ACC procedures were used, respectively. However, after an intervention program, an improvement occurred. Success rates increased by 43.96% (ATP) and 12.46% (ACC) in phase I, by 70.6% (ATP) and 82.3% (ACC) immediately after interventions, and by 76.52% (ATP) and 85.76% (ACC) two months after the changes, showing that the program was effective. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals that implementing intervention actions with a cleaning and healthcare team brings benefits to prevent the spread of pathogenic agents through frequently touched hospital surfaces.
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Desinfección/métodos , Bacterias Aerobias/citología , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Servicio de Limpieza en Hospital , Estudios Longitudinales , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Objetivo: Avaliar a esterilidade de fitas coloridas e resinas utilizadas como identificadores em instrumentos cirúrgicos. Método: Foi realizado um estudo experimental, laboratorial, que utilizou uma amostra de 140 instrumentos cirúrgicos diversos, de aço inoxidável, identificados com fita ou resina, doados voluntariamente por Centros de Material e Esterilização para a presente investigação. As amostras foram inoculadas diretamente em trypticase soy broth (TSB) e em tioglicolato de sódio e incubadas por 14 dias. Resultados: Foi observado crescimento positivo em três amostras de fita e nenhum crescimento foi observado nas amostras de resina. Conclusão: Marcadores de instrumental do tipo fita albergaram microrganismos nos instrumentais avaliados, possivelmente protegidos por biofilme
Objective: To assess the sterility of colored tapes and resins used to identify surgical instruments. Method: We conducted an experimental laboratory study, which used a sample of 140 different stainless-steel surgical instruments, identified with tape or resin, voluntarily donated by Central Sterile Services Department to this research. The samples were inoculated directly into trypticase soy broth (TSB) and sodium thioglycolate and incubated for 14 days. Results: We found positive growth in three tape samples and none in resin samples. Conclusion: Identification tapes harbored microorganisms in the instruments assessed, possibly protected by biofilm
Objetivo: evaluar la esterilidad de las cintas de colores y las resinas utilizadas para identificar los instrumentos quirúrgicos. Método: Realizamos un estudio de laboratorio experimental, que utilizó una muestra de 140 instrumentos quirúrgicos de diferentes aceros inoxidable, identificados con cinta o resina, donados voluntariamente por el Departamento Central de Servicios Estériles para esta investigación. Las muestras se inocularon directamente en caldo de cultivo de soja tripticasa (TSB) y tioglicolato de sodio y se incubaron durante 14 días. Resultados: Encontramos un crecimiento positivo en tres muestras de cinta y ninguna en muestras de resina. Conclusión: las cintas de identificación albergaban microorganismos en los instrumentos evaluados, posiblemente protegidos por biofilm
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Asepsia , Cinta Quirúrgica , Bacterias Aerobias , BiopelículasRESUMEN
Introduction: A common practice in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the empirical use of antibiotics may contribute to treatment failure and to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Objective: To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with CRS. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which endoscopically guided middlemeatal swabs (IBMSpss, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were aseptically taken from patients diagnosed with CRS after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis via gram stain, aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antibacterial sensitivity tests. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Simple statistical parameters and paired sample t-test were used, as appropriate. Results: There were 74 (56.92%) bacterial growths, out of which 55 (74.32%) were aerobic and 19 (25.68%) were anaerobic isolates, from a total of 130 patients. About 13 (17.5%- 18%) of these bacterial growths yielded a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic isolates. Themost common bacterial isolates were 26 (35.14%) Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 9 (12.16%), Streptococcus viridians 8 (10.81%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 (6.76%). Augmentin, ciprofloxacin, and Peflacine were found to bemost effective, followed by levofloxacin, Rocephin, erythromycin and Zinat in that order (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bacterias Anaerobias , Bacterias Aerobias , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Sinusitis/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Rinitis/microbiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , NigeriaRESUMEN
Background: The Brazilian domestic canine population are the second largest in the world and their feeding means 0.4%of the Brazilian gross domestic product. For maintaining the quality of the food, the companies use worldwide standardsfor technical prevention and control of contaminants and biological conservation. The packaging is part of this process,since it provides a barrier between food and environment. However, in Brazil, packagings are often opened in retail storesfor bulk marketing. The objectives of this work were to develop a methodology to detect viruses in foods and to analyzethe bacterial and fungal contamination in puppies food sold in bulk in Ivoti and Estância Velha, cities in Southern Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty samples collected between September and October 2016 were analyzed for mostprobable number of coliforms, Salmonella sp., mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold following the regulation of theBrazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply guidelines. They were also tested for Human MastadenovirusC (HAdV), Canine Mastadenovirus A (CAdV), and Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 (CPV) genomes. Viral analysis wereperformed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. During the collection of the samples hygienic-sanitary conditions, storage of feeds, animals access, dog grooming, and veterinary care were considered to evaluate the conditions ofeach store. A pilot study was carried out using one food sample marketed in bulk and one sample from the original package(closed package) and testing them for bacterial and fungal contamination for standardizing viral detection. Ten grams offood from the original package were mixed with 90 mL of Eagles Minimal Essential Medium (E-MEM) in 100 mL sterilebottles. These bottles were kept in room temperature and shaken for 60 min. Subsequently, aliquots were obtained by sequentially diluting the sample (10-2 to 10-4)...