RESUMEN
Objetivou-se analisar a população de bastonetes Gram negativos aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativas no suco ruminal bovinos zebuínos de diferentes categorias, alimentados em pastagem tropical, e de novilhos alimentados com alto teor de grão e sem volumosos. Foram coletados fluido ruminal de 32 vacas, 50 novilhos e 50 bezerros alimentadas em pastagem de Brachiaria spp. e de 20 novilhos com acidose ruminal. Após diluições decimais, amostras foram inoculadas em placas contendo ágar MacConkey a 39°C. Para a identificação dos gêneros mais frequentes foram utilizadas provas bioquímicas. A concentração dessas bactérias não diferiu no ambiente ruminal de vacas, novilhos e bezerros de corte alimentados com pastagem tropical lignificada. Os gêneros mais frequentemente identificados para esses animais foram Escherichia, Enterobacter e Klebsiella. Novilhos alimentados sem volumoso e com acidose apresentaram maior taxa de detecção e maior população dessas bactérias no ambiente ruminal (>6 log/ml) quando comparados aos novilhos alimentados somente em pastagem. A espécie Escherichia coli foi predominante entre as bactérias isoladas do fluido ruminal de novilhos alimentados com dieta com alta concentração de grãos e com acidose (p<0,01). Constatou-se que em bovinos de corte, criados em pastagem tropical lignificada, a população desses microrganismos é baixa no ambiente ruminal e com maior diversidade de gêneros bacterianos. Entretanto em novilhos confinados e alimentos sem volumoso, apresentando acidose ruminal subaguda, ocorre desequilíbrio populacional com aumento da população de E. coli.(AU)
This study aimed to analyze the population of Gram negative bacteria, rod-shaped aerobic and facultative anaerobes, in ruminal fluid of health Zebu cattle of different categories fed in tropical pasture and steers fed high levels of grain and without bulky. Rumen fluid from 32 cows, 50 steers and 50 calves fed on Brachiaria spp. and 20 steers with ruminal acidosis were collected. After decimal dilutions, the samples were inoculated on petri dishes with agar MacConkey at 39°C. Biochemical tests were used to identify the most common genera these bacteria. The concentration of these bacteria did not differ in the rumen of cows, calves and calves fed lignified tropical pasture and the most frequently identified genera for these animals were Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella. However, steers fed without forage and with acidosis showed a higher detection rate and larger population of these bacteria in the rumen (>6 log/ml) compared to steers fed only pasture. The Escherichia coli species was predominant among theses bacteria isolated from the rumen fluid of steers with acidosis (p<0.01). In beef zebu cattle raised on pasture lignified, the population of these microorganisms in the rumen is low showing greater diversity of genera. However in confined zebu steers fed without forage and with sub acute ruminal acidosis occur disequilibrium with increased E. coli population.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos/microbiología , Rumen/microbiología , Brachiaria , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Objetivou-se analisar a população de bastonetes Gram negativos aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativas no suco ruminal bovinos zebuínos de diferentes categorias, alimentados em pastagem tropical, e de novilhos alimentados com alto teor de grão e sem volumosos. Foram coletados fluido ruminal de 32 vacas, 50 novilhos e 50 bezerros alimentadas em pastagem de Brachiaria spp. e de 20 novilhos com acidose ruminal. Após diluições decimais, amostras foram inoculadas em placas contendo ágar MacConkey a 39°C. Para a identificação dos gêneros mais frequentes foram utilizadas provas bioquímicas. A concentração dessas bactérias não diferiu no ambiente ruminal de vacas, novilhos e bezerros de corte alimentados com pastagem tropical lignificada. Os gêneros mais frequentemente identificados para esses animais foram Escherichia, Enterobacter e Klebsiella. Novilhos alimentados sem volumoso e com acidose apresentaram maior taxa de detecção e maior população dessas bactérias no ambiente ruminal (>6 log/ml) quando comparados aos novilhos alimentados somente em pastagem. A espécie Escherichia coli foi predominante entre as bactérias isoladas do fluido ruminal de novilhos alimentados com dieta com alta concentração de grãos e com acidose (p<0,01). Constatou-se que em bovinos de corte, criados em pastagem tropical lignificada, a população desses microrganismos é baixa no ambiente ruminal e com maior diversidade de gêneros bacterianos. Entretanto em novilhos confinados e alimentos sem volumoso, apresentando acidose ruminal subaguda, ocorre desequilíbrio populacional com aumento da população de E. coli...
This study aimed to analyze the population of Gram negative bacteria, rod-shaped aerobic and facultative anaerobes, in ruminal fluid of health Zebu cattle of different categories fed in tropical pasture and steers fed high levels of grain and without bulky. Rumen fluid from 32 cows, 50 steers and 50 calves fed on Brachiaria spp. and 20 steers with ruminal acidosis were collected. After decimal dilutions, the samples were inoculated on petri dishes with agar MacConkey at 39°C. Biochemical tests were used to identify the most common genera these bacteria. The concentration of these bacteria did not differ in the rumen of cows, calves and calves fed lignified tropical pasture and the most frequently identified genera for these animals were Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella. However, steers fed without forage and with acidosis showed a higher detection rate and larger population of these bacteria in the rumen (>6 log/ml) compared to steers fed only pasture. The Escherichia coli species was predominant among theses bacteria isolated from the rumen fluid of steers with acidosis (p<0.01). In beef zebu cattle raised on pasture lignified, the population of these microorganisms in the rumen is low showing greater diversity of genera. However in confined zebu steers fed without forage and with sub acute ruminal acidosis occur disequilibrium with increased E. coli population...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos/microbiología , Rumen/microbiología , Brachiaria , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease associated with Gram-negative anaerobes which are part of the subgingival microflora. In recent years, studies have been conducted to assess the presence of Gram-negative facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteriaceae) and their participation in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis and to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates. A descriptive, observational study was performed including 64 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 patients with gingivitis. Microbiological samples were taken from the gingival sulcus using paper points, which then were placed in thioglycollate broth. Samples were incubated for 4 hours at 37 degrees C and finally replated on MacConkey agar Bacteria were identified using the API-20E system (Biomerieux, France) and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method. The evaluation of samples showed presence of 29 enterobacterial species distributed as follows: 7 in the group with gingivitis and 22 in the group with chronic periodontitis. In the chronic periodontitis group the most common species were: K. oxytoca n = 5, S. liquefaciens n = 4 and K. pneumoniae and E. coli with n = 3. The gingivitis group had the highest frequency of Erwinia sp. (n = 2). Clinical isolates showed very low sensitivity levels to beta-lactam ampicillin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, 17.2% and 27.6% respectively, and higher sensitivity levels to ciprofloxacin (96.6%), amikacin (79.3%), gentamicin (68.9%) and ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and trimethoprimsulfa (65.5%). In conclusion, the existence of a high frequency of enterobacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis shows that periodontologists should pay greater attention to prevention protocols, and develop mechanical and antimicrobial therapies in which antimicrobial susceptibility profile reports should be considered as part of periodontal treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Gingivitis/microbiología , Femenino , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/efectos de los fármacos , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease associated with Gram-negative anaerobes which are part of the subgingival microflora. In recent years, studies have been conducted to assess the presence of Gram-negative facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteriaceae) and their participation in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis and to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates. A descriptive, observational study was performed including 64 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 patients with gingivitis. Microbiological samples were taken from the gingival sulcus using paper points, which then were placed in thioglycollate broth. Samples were incubated for 4 hours at 37 degrees C and finally replated on MacConkey agar Bacteria were identified using the API-20E system (Biomerieux, France) and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method. The evaluation of samples showed presence of 29 enterobacterial species distributed as follows: 7 in the group with gingivitis and 22 in the group with chronic periodontitis. In the chronic periodontitis group the most common species were: K. oxytoca n = 5, S. liquefaciens n = 4 and K. pneumoniae and E. coli with n = 3. The gingivitis group had the highest frequency of Erwinia sp. (n = 2). Clinical isolates showed very low sensitivity levels to beta-lactam ampicillin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, 17.2
and 27.6
respectively, and higher sensitivity levels to ciprofloxacin (96.6
), amikacin (79.3
), gentamicin (68.9
) and ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and trimethoprimsulfa (65.5
). In conclusion, the existence of a high frequency of enterobacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis shows that periodontologists should pay greater attention to prevention protocols, and develop mechanical and antimicrobial therapies in which antimicrobial susceptibility profile reports should be considered as part of periodontal treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Gingivitis/microbiología , Femenino , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/efectos de los fármacos , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. Bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. Treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia and Salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. The aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Between June 2001 and January 2008, 249 children with bloody diarrhea were studied. Shigella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were recovered from 48 (19.3%) and 3 (1.2%) of the total of cases, respectively. In 49 out of 249 children, in whom other enteropathogens were investigated, we recovered Campylobacter jejuni from 7 children (14.3%), Salmonella spp. from 2 (4.1%) and Aeromonas spp. from 1 (2%) in addition to Shigella from 7 children (14.3%). Thirty-four (70%) Shigella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and 13 (27%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All Shigella isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Salmonella and STEC isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics assayed. Thus, the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin would not be appropriate for the empirical treatment of Shigella - associated diarrhea.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/microbiología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Campylobacter jejuni/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Preescolar , Diarrea/complicaciones , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Uruguay/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gram-negative enteric rods were associated with periodontal diseases in several populations. The association between enteric and putative periodontal pathogens has received little attention in the literature. The present investigation determined the occurrence and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of Gram-negative enteric rods from Colombian patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Clinical parameters and the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates of Gram-negative enteric rods were examined in 76 patients with chronic periodontitis in Medellin, Colombia. Subgingival samples were processed using culture and biochemical tests for the detection of periodontal and superinfecting pathogens. Selected colonies of Gram-negative enteric rods from pure cultures were used to test the susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine differences in clinical variables versus the presence or absence of Gram-negative enteric rods. RESULTS: Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in 12 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in four patients, and three other species were recovered with a lower prevalence. Men (38.75%) tended to harbor more of the studied organisms than women (17.7%) (P = 0.04). Gram-negative enteric rods in periodontal pockets correlated positively with the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (respectively, r = 0.66, 0.31, and 0.32; P <0.001). All superinfecting organisms demonstrated a high susceptibility to moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin but exhibited a variable susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. CONCLUSIONS: This study found high levels of Gram-negative enteric rods in patients with chronic periodontitis. Moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin appeared capable of eradicating these organisms from periodontal pockets. Its good activity against Gram-negative enteric rods and periodontopathogens suggests the potential use of moxifloxacin as an adjunctive antibiotic in the treatment of mixed periodontal infections.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Aza/uso terapéutico , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Placa Dental/microbiología , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/uso terapéutico , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Periodontitis Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Colombia , Enterobacteriaceae/clasificación , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Fluoroquinolonas , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/clasificación , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/efectos de los fármacos , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moxifloxacino , Pseudomonas/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Conzattia multiflora is a leguminous tree present only in Mexico and Guatemala. There is no record about its symbiotic or pathogenic microbes. In this study, we found that numerous bacteria with 10(4)-10(6) individuals per gram of fresh epidermis were distributed in the tissue of this plant. All the bacteria isolated from the Conzattia epidermis were Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rods and formed yellow or colorless colonies. They were identified as endophytes by inoculation tests. Some of the bacteria could significantly promote the growth of Conzattia seedlings. Nine different groups were defined by PCR-based RFLP, which were classified as Pantoea, Erwinia, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Klebsiella by the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The existence of plant-borne lineages of Salmonella indicates that the unexplored plants may harbor some unknown microbes.
Asunto(s)
Fabaceae/microbiología , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/clasificación , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Árboles/microbiología , Acetileno/metabolismo , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Fabaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/genética , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/crecimiento & desarrollo , México , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oxidación-Reducción , Filogenia , Estructuras de las Plantas/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Simbiosis , Árboles/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The demand of vegetables minimally processed (ready-to-use) has increased partly due to the frequent use of the food services, where the salads are always included in the daily menus. The use of new technologies for processing and packaging has made possible to obtain a product ready to serve. Nevertheless the associated risk of the presence of emergent pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes seems to be involved. The aim of this work was to assess the microbiological quality of this kind of food. 120 samples of vegetables minimally processed ready-to-use were analyzed for their content of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms and E. coli, and the presence of Shigella spp. Vibrio cholerae and Listeria monocytogenes. The TECRA UNIQUE LISTERIA, the BCM Listeria monocytogenes and the API LISTERIA systems, and the methods of molecular detection AccuProbe and GENE-TRAK were used for isolation and identification. E. coli was detected in approximately 30.3% of the vegetables used in this study. The genus Listeria was evidenced in 25% of the samples; 30% corresponded to L. monocytogenes. Shigella spp and Vibrio cholerae were not isolated. The findings of this study suggest the need of the microbiological control of the vegetables minimally processed ready-to-use to assure their quality and safety.
Asunto(s)
Manipulación de Alimentos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Verduras/microbiología , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Control de Calidad , VenezuelaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Erisipela/diagnóstico , Foliculitis , Infecciones/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico , Gangrena/diagnóstico , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Úlcera Cutánea/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Cinquenta episódios de infecçäo bacilar Gram-negativa inclusive episódios de bacteremia, pneumonia, infecçöes da pele e do tecido conjuntivo, infecçöes do trato urinário e infecçöes abdominais - foram tratados com aztreonam. As infecçöes foram curadas em 88 por cento dos pacientes, inclusive todos os nove pacientes com bacteremia e 15 dos 17 pacientes com pneumonia. Trinta por cento das infecçöes foram causadas por Pseudomonas e todas responderam ao tratamento com aztreonam. A baixa incidência de toxicidade e o alto nível de eficácia tornam viável a adoçäo do aztreonam como agente terapêutico único. Quando foram encontrados organismos Gram-positivos ou anaeróbios ou havia suspeitas de sua presença nas infecçöes, a administraçäo adicional de agentes eficazes contra esses organismos foi necessária para a cura
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aztreonam/farmacología , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuyo objetivo fue observar la microflora bucal (bacilos Gram(-) y Cándida albicans), durante las diferentes fases de tratamiento en treinta y tres niños con LLA y relacionarla con cuadro hemático y estado de la cavidad bucal. la manifestación bucal más importante fue la palidez generalizada, seguida por la gingivitis marginal simple. El porcentaje de bacilos Gram(-) fue de 49.5 por ciento mayor de lo esperado y el de Cándida albicans fue de 16.1 por ciento; menos de lo encontrado en otros reportes. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre el promedio de leucocitos, microflora bucal y estado de la cavidad bucal
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Facultativos/aislamiento & purificación , Leucopenia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Gingivitis/diagnóstico , Gingivitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We identified 100 strains of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacilli, facultative anaerobes, isolated from different human pathological products by conventional biochemical methods. From the total number of strains studied, 1 corresponded to genus Vibrio, 66 to genus Aeromonas, and 33 to genus Plesiomonas. It is of the utmost importance to conduct surveillance studies of these microorganisms in order to investigate their circulation in Cuba.