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A Azadirachta indica é uma árvore que possui vários benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais. Entretanto, sãoescassos os estudos sobre aprodução de mudas desta essência florestal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sete substratos no crescimento de mudas da A. indica, produzidas em vasos plásticos de polietileno. Os substratos foram constituídos de combinações de areia grossa, argila, cama de ave, esterco de bovino, matéria orgânica dos vegetais e serragem de madeira. O experimento foi instalado no Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM), na Estação Agrária de Lichinga,segundo o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com cincorepetições. A partir dos 30 dias após a semeadura foram efetuadas medições quinzenais de altura e diâmetro do coleto. Aos 120 dias foram quantificadas as variáveis massa seca da parte aérea, radicular, total e osíndices de qualidades das mudas. Para as variáveis analisadas, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com uso do substrato 25% areia grossa + 50% matéria orgânica dos vegetais + 25% cama de aves, sendo este substrato recomendado paraa produção de mudas de A. indica.(AU)

Azadirachta indicais a tree that has several socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, studies on theproduction of seedlingsof this forest essence are scarce. The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of seven substrates on the growth ofA. indica seedlings, produced in polyethylene plastic pots. The substrates were combinations of coarse sand, clay, poultry bed, bovinemanure, organic matter from vegetables and wood sawdust. According to randomized block design,the experiment was set up at the Mozambique Agricultural Research Institute (IIAM), Lichinga Agricultural Station, with fiverepetitions. Starting 30 days aftersowing, height and collar diameter were measured fortnightly. At 120 days, the variables aerial, root and total dry mass and seedling quality indices were quantified.For the variables analysed, the best results were obtained usingthe substrate 25% coarse sand + 50% organic matter from vegetables + 25% poultry bed, being this substrate strongly recommended to produce A. indica seedlings.(AU)

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To optimize nursery practices for efficient plant production procedures and to keep up to the ever growing demand of seedlings, identification of the most suitable species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), specific for a given tree species, is clearly a necessary task. Sixty days old seedlings of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) raised in root trainers were inoculated with six species of AMF and a mixed inoculum (consortia) and kept in green house. Performances of the treatments on this tree species were evaluated in terms of growth parameters like plant height shoot collar diameter, biomass and phosphorous uptake capabilities. Significant and varied increase in the growth parameters and phosphorous uptake was observed for most of the AMF species against control. Consortia culture was found to be the best suited AMF treatment for A. indica, while Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae were the best performing single species cultures. It is the first time in the state of Gujarat that a wide variety of AMF species, isolated from the typical semi-arid region of western India, were tested for the best growth performance with one of the most important tree species for the concerned region.

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To optimize nursery practices for efficient plant production procedures and to keep up to the ever growing demand of seedlings, identification of the most suitable species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), specific for a given tree species, is clearly a necessary task. Sixty days old seedlings of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) raised in root trainers were inoculated with six species of AMF and a mixed inoculum (consortia) and kept in green house. Performances of the treatments on this tree species were evaluated in terms of growth parameters like plant height shoot collar diameter, biomass and phosphorous uptake capabilities. Significant and varied increase in the growth parameters and phosphorous uptake was observed for most of the AMF species against control. Consortia culture was found to be the best suited AMF treatment for A.indica, while Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae were the best performing single species cultures. It is the first time in the state of Gujarat that a wide variety of AMF species, isolated from the typical semi-arid region of western India, were tested for the best growth performance with one of the most important tree species for the concerned region.

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With the main objective of evaluate the principals agronomic parameters of soil and organic substrate, as well as nutritional indicators and biomass of medicinal plants used to control for diabetes mellitus: Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Momordica charantia L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss, this research was conducted during 2010 and 2011 at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). The growth of potted plants was evaluated in nursery phase, analysis of soil, plants and organic substrate were performed according to NOM 021-RECNAT-2000, which allowed to identify significant differences between crop plants and substrates used. The use of organic matter in the soil improved the nutrition indicators in more than 50 percent as well as the biomass increased.

Con el objetivo de evaluar los principales parámetros agronómicos de suelo y sustrato orgánico, así como indicadores nutricionales y biomasa de las plantas medicinales utilizadas para el control de la diabetes mellitus: Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, Momordica charantia L. y Azadirachta indica A. Juss, se realizó esta investigación durante 2010 y 2011 en El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). El crecimiento de las plantas fue en macetas evaluándose en fase vivero, los análisis de suelo, sustrato orgánico y plantas se realizaron de acuerdo a NOM 021-RECNAT-2000; lo que permitió identificar diferencias significativas entre cultivos de plantas y sustratos utilizados. El uso de materia orgánica en el sustrato mejoró los indicadores nutricionales de los cultivos en más de un 50 por ciento al igual que la biomasa se incrementó.

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BACKGROUND: Owing to its multiple uses in veterinary medicine, biofertilizers, pest control, etc., the commercial cultivation of neem (Azadirachta indica) has been increasing in various countries. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant by-products (composted leaves and residues of neem and sugarcane) for the propagation of seedlings can be an efficient alternative to stimulate plant growth, reducing the propagation time and conferring increased tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant substrates and inoculation with AMF on the production of neem seedlings. RESULTS: Beneficial effects of the application of neem by-products to neem seedlings were observed on most of the variables analysed. However, the treatment with sugarcane cake did not improve the growth of neem seedlings. In general, the inoculation treatments using Glomus etunicatum in the composted neem substrates improved seedling growth. CONCLUSION: Neem by-products benefit the growth of seedlings of this plant under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation with G. etunicatum enhances plants growth mainly in substrates with residues of neem leaves, providing an alternative for the production of seedlings of this crop under nursery conditions, which can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers that impact the environment.

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