RESUMEN
Cancers are a complex diseases that involve abnormal cell growth pattern and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cancer cause malnutrition and deficiencies of vitamins, in addition chemotherapy causes those deficiencies by induced anorexia, stomatitis, and alimentary tract disturbances. The study aims to determined and assessed the levels of serum vitamins (A, B12, B6, B9, E, D, and K) before and after chemotherapy administration. A prospective study carried out on newly diagnosed cancerous patients whom receiving chemotherapy. Fifty patients enrolling and recruited. Follow up will be recorded after the first, third, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy. The panel used for evaluation of vitamins concentration included the following six kits: Human Vitamin AV, E, VB6, B12, VD3 DIY, VK and FOLR3 ELISA kits. 38 females and 12 males included, with mean age was 48.35±15.28 years. The mostly distributed age group was belong to fifth decades. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.12±5.51 m2 /Kg. The majority of the sample treated were breast cancers females about 26(52%). Regarding chemotherapy regimens, the AC+Taxen protocol was mostly used. The mean level of vitamin A found to be declined to the half from (69.23±24.66 µg/dL) at C0 to (35.73±18.89 µg/dL) at C6. Normal mean value of vitamin B12 level was presented in the most of patients pre- and post- chemotherapy. Vitamin B6 concentrations in the most of patients risen by double post-chemotherapy. Vitamin D concentration not changed in pre- and post- chemotherapy. We observed a statistically significant differences among vitamin E concentration pre- and post- chemotherapy (ANOVA=3.213, P=0.033). In this study, most of patients pre-chemotherapy period had normal folate level, whereas it to decreased from (6.23±3.12 ng/mL) to reached (3.33±2.72 ng/mL) after anti-cancer, with strong statistically significant differences (ANOVA=6.56, P=0.012). In addition, vitamin K concentration was unchanged throughout chemotherapy cycles. Many factors in cancerous participants lead to vitamins deficiencies. Several vitamins remained within normal concentration throughout anti-cancer course might be due to vitamins supplement taken by persons during their regimens. Almost always vitamins concentration dropped during cycles, but still within normal value, except vitamin E, which was deficient in last cycle of chemotherapy. Vitamins replacement are mandatory for substitution dropping level because off those are essential for many body processes and regulation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Avitaminosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitaminas/análisis , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Quimioterapia , Neoplasias/complicacionesRESUMEN
Introducción: el sol constituye la fuente principal de vitamina D, las últimas décadas se han caracterizado por una menor exposición al sol de la población general, lo cual ha posibilitado que el déficit de vitamina D reaparezca como un problema de salud mundial. Esta situación ha generado grandes controversias internacionales sobre el uso de suplementos de vitamina D en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las recomendaciones internacionales de suplementación con vitamina D en las edades pediátricas, ajustándolas al contexto cubano. Método: revisión documental. Se utilizaron motores de búsqueda (Google Académico, Springer Link, Microsoft Academic y SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online), y se emplearon las bases de datos disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, se revisaron evidencias científicas y se realizaron recomendaciones basadas en las mismas. Conclusiones: existen factores que llevan implícito un incremento del riesgo potencial de déficit de vitamina D. En Cuba se destacan la actualización de las medidas de fotoprotección para las edades pediátricas, la prevalencia de fototipos altos y el incremento de la obesidad en la población infantil. Se realizaron 9 recomendaciones para garantizar un aporte adecuado de vitamina D a los niños y adolescentes cubanos, el equivalente a 400 UI de vitamina D para menores de un año y 600 UI para los mayores de esa edad que pertenezcan a grupos de riesgo para esta hipovitaminosis(AU)
Introduction: The sun is the main source of vitamin D. The last decades have been characterized by a lower exposure to the sun by the general population, what has caused the recurrence of vitamin D deficit as a world health problem. This situation has given rise to international controversies on the use of vitamin D supplements in children. Objective: To reflect on the international recommendations about the use of vitamin D supplements in children, meeting the Cuban context. Method: A bibliographic review was carried out, using the search engines Scholar Google, Springer Link, Microsoft Academic and SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online, as well as databases available at the Health Virtual Library. Scientific evidences were checked and recommendations based on them were made. Conclusions: There are factors that have an implicit increasing risk of vitamin D deficit. In Cuba some important features stand out, as the updating of photoprotection in children, the prevalence of high phototypes and the increase of obesity in the child population. Nine recommendations were carried out to guarantee an adequate contribution of vitamin D to the Cuban children and adolescents, an equivalent of 400 IU of vitamin D for children younger tan one year and 600 IU for the older ones who belong to risk groups for this type of hypovitaminosis(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Avitaminosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina D , Suplementos Dietéticos , CubaRESUMEN
El objetivo fue evaluar el estado de riboflavina, hierro y vitamina A de un grupo de escolares de Caracas, correlacionando variables bioquímicas, de composición corporal y de consumo de energía y nutrientes. Se estudiaron 69 niños con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 8 años a los que se les determinó estrato socioeconómico, consumo de alimentos, adecuación de consumo y fórmula dietética. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y una muestra de sangre para la determinación de hemoglobina y hematocrito, así como concentraciones plasmáticas de riboflavina por método enzimático, retinol por HPLC, hierro por colorimetría y ferritina por ELISA. Los escolares tuvieron una dieta monótona en la que los cuatro alimentos más consumidos fueron cereales. La dieta resultó inadecuada en vitamina A (48%), hierro (39%), riboflavina (6%) y vitamina B6 (80%). Las determinaciones antropométricas mostraron un importante porcentaje de desnutrición actual (19%), aunque la mayoría presentó estado nutricional antropométrico y composición corporal normales. Las determinaciones hematológicas mostraron deficiencias de riboflavina (16%), retinol (57%), hierro (67%) y anemia (14%). En conclusión, la dieta fue poco variada, deficitaria en calorías, vitamina B6, vitamina A, proteínas y hierro y excesiva en riboflavina, con un estado nutricional antropométrico y composición corporal normales. Los datos de consumo y adecuación de la dieta se correlacionaron con las deficiencias encontradas en pruebas hematológicas, mientras que los datos antropométricos no fueron marcadamente afectados, aunque hubo correlación entre las variables área muscular y área grasa, y el consumo de energía, proteínas, grasa, hierro y riboflavina(AU)
The objective was to evaluate the status of riboflavin, iron and vitamin A in a group of school children from Caracas, correlating biochemical, body composition and consumption data. The sample included 69 scholars aged 6 to 8 years whose socio economic status, food consumption patterns and adequacy as well as dietetic formulae were determined. Anthropometric measures were recorded and a blood sample was taken to determine hemoglobin, hematocrit and plasmatic concentrations of riboflavin by an enzymatic method, retinol by HPLC, iron by a colorimetric method and ferritin by ELISA. The scholars had a monotonous diet and the 4 most consumed food items were cereals. The diet resulted inadequate in vitamin A (48%), iron (39%), riboflavin (6%) and vitamin B6 (80%). Anthropometric evaluation showed an important percentage of recent undernutrition (19%), although most of the individuals had a nutritional anthropometric state and a body composition within normal ranges. Hematological determinations showed deficiencies of riboflavin (16%), retinol (57%), iron (67%) and anemia (14%). In conclusion, the diet was monotonous, deficient in calories, vitamin B6, vitamin A, proteins and iron and excessive in riboflavin, with inadequate anthropometric and body composition status. Data on consumption and diet adequacy correlated with results from hematological tests, while anthropometric data was not markedly affected, although there was a linear correlation between muscular and fat areas with energy, protein, fat, iron and riboflavin consumption(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Riboflavina , Avitaminosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina A , Micronutrientes , Micronutrientes/deficiencia , Consumo de Energía , Hierro , Clase Social , Alimentos , Mortalidad Infantil , Desnutrición , Dietética , Nutrición del NiñoRESUMEN
Plasma vitamin A and E levels were inadequate in very low birth weight infants receiving a continuous infusion of a parenteral multivitamin preparation, 1.5 ml/kg per day, in dextrose-amino acid solution. A new delivery system using 2 ml/kg per day, infused for 6 hours from the first day of life, avoided loss during infusion and significantly improved plasma vitamin A and E levels during the first 28 days of life in very low birth weight infants.
Asunto(s)
Avitaminosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso/sangre , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/sangre , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Infusiones Parenterales , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
An epidemic outbreak of peripheral neuropathy affected Cuba in 1992-93 resulting in 50,862 cases (national cumulative incidence rate (CIR) 461.4 per 100,000). Clinical forms included retrobulbar optic neuropathy, sensory and dysautonomic peripheral neuropathy, dorsolateral myeloneuropathy, sensorineural deafness, dysphonia and dysphagia, spastic paraparesis, and mixed forms. For epidemiological purposes, cases were classified as optic forms (CIR 242.39) or peripheral forms (CIR 219.25). Increased risk was found among smokers (odds ratio (OR) 4.9), those with history of missing meals (OR 4.7) resulting in lower intake of animal protein, fat, and foods that contain B-vitamins, combined drinking and smoking (OR 3.5), weight loss (OR 2.8), excessive sugar consumption (OR 2.7) and heavy drinking (OR 2.3). Optic neuropathy was characterized by decreased vision, bilateral and symmetric central or cecocentral scotomata, and loss of color vision due to selective lesion of the maculopapillary bundles. Peripheral neuropathy was a distal axonopathy lesion affecting predominantly large myelinated axons. Deafness produced selective high frequency (4-8 kHz) hearing loss. Myelopathy lesions combined dorsal column deficits and pyramidal involvement of lower limbs with spastic bladder. Clinical features were those of Strachan syndrome and beriberi. Intensive search for neurotoxic agents, in particular organophosphorus esters, chronic cyanide, and trichloroethylene intoxication, yielded negative results. Treatment of patients with B-group vitamins and folate produced rewarding results. Most patients improved significantly and less than 0.1% of them remained with sequelae; there were no fatal cases. Supplementation of multivitamins to the entire Cuban population resulted in curbing of the epidemic. Overt malnutrition was not present, but a deficit of micronutrients, in particular thiamine, cobalamine, folate and sulfur amino acids appears to have been a primary determinant of this epidemic.