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BACKGROUND: Numerous military soldiers have lost limbs as a result of the Syrian War. While there are variations between trauma-related amputations in military and civilian populations, both scenarios result in life-changing injuries. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between body image, self-esteem, and quality of life (QOL) domains following trauma-related major amputation. It will be the first study in Syria on the correlation between self-esteem and body image. It will help improve our quality of care to meet patient needs and increase well-being, which in turn will help to address body image, self-esteem, and QOL. METHOD: A cross-sectional study that recruited 235 soldiers with amputations in two centers and two military hospitals in Latakia and Tartous. Patients were given an 81-item questionnaire that included the Amputee Body-Image Scale (ABIS), the Rosenberg Self-esteem (RSE) scale, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, and unidimensional pain measures. The ANOVA test, a student's t-test, multiple linear regression, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was a strong relationship between body image, self-esteem, and QOL, with the presence of body image concerns significantly associated with lower self-esteem scores and lower QOL scores (p=0.001). Patients with phantom pain sensation had significantly reduced self-esteem (p =0.001), greater body image concerns (p =0.001), and lower scores in all domains of QOL. We found that body image and self-esteem impacted the psychological, social, and environmental domains. After controlling for pain level and number of co-morbid conditions, body image and self-esteem did not predict WHOQOL-BREF scores, with the exception of the environmental domain, where no pain and low self-esteem predicted better environmental domain scores. CONCLUSION: Patients' body image and self-esteem were greatly impacted by lower-limb amputations. Additionally, phantom pain further impacted self-esteem, body image, and QOL. The image of the body had a profound effect on psychological, social, and environmental domains, and self-esteem was influenced by almost all aspects of QOL.

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Stoma-forming surgery can have extensive, negative impacts on a patient's psychological wellbeing. Although this has been known for several decades, little progress has been made in addressing the issue. Several areas of concern have been repeatedly identified in the literature: loss of control; reduced self-esteem; psychosexual issues; and the impact of enhanced recovery on psychological outcomes. While these issues have the potential to significantly affect patients undergoing stoma-forming surgery, they can be mitigated against. While identifying and addressing psychological morbidity at an early stage is the most effective approach, additional interventions can also be useful. The promotion of self-care and independence can minimise the feeling of loss of control, the selection of discreet, leak-proof products can help address self-esteem issues, and open, honest conversation can significantly improve a patient's feelings regarding sexuality and intimacy.

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INTRODUCTION: Road crashes are still one of the main causes of death around the world. Risky behavior has been proposed as one of the foremost predictors, with the theoretical framework of aberrant behavior emerging as a predominant approach for its examination. Sensation seeking has been pointed out as one of the main personality predictors of aberrant behavior. The current research aimed to investigate the moderated-moderation effect of both risk perception and self-esteem in the relationship between sensation seeking and aberrant behavior. METHOD: Two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Risk Perception Scale (RPS), a 10-item self-report to assess risk perception. A sample composed of 471 Spanish drivers (319 female, Mage = 29.75) completed the RPS. In the second study, a different sample of 236 Spanish drivers (129 female, Mage = 38.49) completed a set of self-reports aiming both to analyze the concurrent and divergent validity of the RPS, and to test the main moderated-moderation hypothesis. RESULTS: With respect to the first study, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a 7-item version which fitted in a single reliable factor (α = .74). Regarding the second study, the results supported both the concurrent and divergent validity of the RPS. Likewise, it was verified the moderated-moderation effect in the case of ordinary violations (R2 = .34), aggressive violations (R2 = .20), and lapses (R2 = .12). CONCLUSIONS: The RPS is a useful self-report to assess subjective risk perception in Spanish drivers. Both self-esteem and risk perception affect the relationship between sensation seeking and aberrant driving behavior. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Intervention programs aiming to reduce aberrant driving behavior should be focused on reducing sensation seeking tendencies while simultaneously enhancing both risk perception skills and self-esteem.

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INTRODUCTION: Trait driving anger is a widely studied personality variable in the field of road safety, due to its strong relationship with both risky behavior on the road and crash-related events. The Deffenbacher's Driving Anger Scale theoretical approach has underlined different situations that could provoke anger in drivers, although trait driving anger is usually analyzed as a whole. Trait general anger has been proposed as one of the most relevant predictors of trait driving anger, showing moderate relationships with it. METHOD: The current research aimed to analyze the relationship between trait general anger and each one of the situations provoking anger, as well as to search for personality variables that could moderate these relationships. Based on literature review, it was expected that self-esteem would moderate both Discourtesy and Hostile gestures, Type-A behavior pattern would moderate both Slow driving and Traffic obstructions, and conscientiousness would moderate both Police presence and Illegal driving. A sample of 417 drivers (Mage = 31.24, SDage = 13.59, 64.5% females) taken from the Spanish general population completed a set of self-reports. RESULTS: The results showed significant moderation effects in the case of Hostile gestures, Discourtesy, Illegal driving, and Slow driving. Conditional processes of these moderations were analyzed. Lastly, practical implications are discussed, allowing for tailored interventions to be implemented based on individual drivers' tendencies. Therefore, interventions should address different triggers of driving anger: boosting self-esteem for those angered by disrespect, targeting Type-A behavior reduction for those angered by traffic slowdowns, and promoting conscientiousness enhancement for those angered by others' risky driving.

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Self-stigma beliefs are common among people with visible chronic skin diseases and can negatively affect their quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing. Hence, evidence-based interventions are urgently needed. The objective for this systematic review was to summarize research on available interventions and evaluate their benefits and limitations. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an electronic database search of four databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science). Studies were eligible if they (a) investigated interventions to reduce self-stigma in adults with chronic skin disease, (b) were original empirical articles, and (c) were written in English or German. Two independent reviewers conducted the abstract and full text screening as well as data extraction. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. The initial search yielded 5811 abstracts; of which, 23 records were eligible. Studies addressed a broad range of skin conditions, and interventions ranged from social skills training, counselling and self-help to psychosocial and behavioural interventions. Overall, interventions had mostly positive effects on self-stigma and related constructs. However, the study quality was heterogeneous, and further efforts to develop, thoroughly evaluate and implement interventions tackling self-stigma in multiple skin conditions and languages are warranted.

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Adolescents and young adults admitted to the Espace unit at Nantes University Hospital are offered beauty treatments. Although their situations are diverse, they consistently show a decline in self-esteem. These young patients benefit from individual hand and facial treatments, make-up sessions and group workshops.

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Narratives play an important role in the development of the self-identity. Romantic relationships offer a powerful context in which to develop these narratives about the self through the good and the bad experiences people have with their partners. However, the stories we tell can also be colored by how we already see ourselves. In a secondary analysis, using a prospective longitudinal study of people in established romantic relationships (N = 402), we tested pre-registered hypotheses regarding how attachment anxiety and avoidance lead people to develop narratives about their relationship high-points and transgressions, and whether these narratives influence their relationship satisfaction over time. Relatively higher avoidance, but not anxiety, was related to narrative construction. Those relatively higher in avoidance made more negative event connections about themselves in their transgression narratives, and more positive event connections about themselves in their relationship high-point narratives. Narrative content, however, did not mediate the association between attachment anxiety and avoidance and relationship satisfaction. Despite the lack of support for some of our pre-registered hypotheses, these findings provide valuable insights into how insecure attachment influences the stories people tell about their relationships, and how they link these events back to the self.

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Poor mental health among youth in Greenland is a major challenge, childhood conditions are critical for mental health later in life. The study aimed to examine the clustering of childhood conditions by considering risk and protective factors for mental health among youth and young adults in Greenland and to explore the relationship between these clusters and mental health outcomes in youth. The study included 565 participants aged 15-34 living in Greenland. Seven indicators including childhood adversities (ACEs), childhood residence, language, and cultural indicators (protective factors) were used to define clusters via latent class analysis (LCA). The associations between clusters and mental health outcomes (satisfaction with life (Cantrill's ladder), self-esteem, self-efficacy, loneliness, psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire) and mental illness (Kessler 6)) were assessed by logistic regression. Four clusters were identified through LCA. While most participants reported positive childhoods, 40% (in two clusters) experienced ACEs. The two clusters differed as more participants in one cluster had experienced protective factors than the other. ACEs were associated with increased odds of negative aspects of mental health in youth. However, participants who faced high levels of adversity and few protective factors also had reduced odds of positive aspects of mental health in youth.

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INTRODUCTION: Few studies have assessed athletic identity levels in young patients. This study examined athletic identity in adolescents and explored associations between athletic identity, patterns of sport participation, and coping skills. METHODS: Patients aged 12 to 18 years who received sports medicine care completed a one-time, voluntary, anonymous survey. Surveys included demographics, sport participation information, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI). Statistical analysis included Fisher exact test, Student t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-four patients (mean ± SD age 15.0 ± 1.8 years, 64.7% girls) completed questionnaires. The mean AIMS and ACSI scores were 45.2 ± 11.5 and 50.2 ± 10.9, respectively. No notable differences were observed in AIMS scores between age groups or sexes. An increase in mean AIMS scores (higher athletic identity) was seen with greater weekly hours of sport participation (P < 0.001) and months per year of primary sport participation (P < 0.001). Multisport per season athletes had higher AIMS scores than single-sport athletes (48.2 ± 10.1 vs. 43.0 ± 11.9, P < 0.001). Team sport athletes reported higher athletic identities than individual sport athletes (47.0 ± 10.7, 41.4 ± 11.4, P < 0.001). Athletic Identity Measurement Scale scores positively correlated with ACSI scores (r = 0.31, P < 0.0001). Athletes with the highest athletic identity had markedly higher scores on ACSI subscales of Coachability, Concentration, Confidence and Achievement Motivation, Goal Setting and Mental Preparation, and Peaking Under Pressure than athletes with the least athletic identity. However, those with the highest athletic identities reported significantly lower scores on the ACSI Freedom From Worry subscale (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Athletic identity did not differ among adolescents by age or sex. Athletic identity was higher in team sport athletes and those with increased sport participation volumes. While high athletic identity was associated with higher scores on favorable coping skill dimensions, these athletes may also worry more, potentially placing them at greater psychological risk after injury.

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Many people who are stigmatized along concealable features (e.g., sexual minorities or people with mental illness) anticipate social rejection due to their features and associated labels, and these beliefs are a prominent predictor of psychological distress. While ecological approaches to stigma research have highlighted the social basis of these two related outcomes, it typically has focused on the impact of non-stigmatized counterparts. Also embedded in the social environment are similarly-stigmatized others who, in concealing, may be less accessible to the individual. Given the centrality of psychological distress and rejection concerns as a relational self-conception in attachment theories, we tested if identity-based rejection sensitivity and distress may emerge from diminished access to similarly-stigmatized others as identity group members. Leveraging the University as a partially-controlled, naturalistic setting, we collected measures of concealment, identity-based rejection sensitivity, and psychological distress from undergraduate students in introductory psychology courses who reported a concealable stigmatized identity (N = 355; k = 15 identity groups). With concealment aggregated to the level of the identity group, multi-level modeling showed that concealment by similarly-stigmatized students was positively associated with both individuals' identity-based rejection sensitivity and their psychological distress. Moreover, rejection sensitivity mediated the association of group-level concealment and distress. Findings suggest that rejection concerns and distress may emerge from identity group inaccessibility in the social environment, with the association of concerns and distress possibly contextualized by underlying group attachment dynamics. Results reveal the identity group as a novel source of social influence in the lives of individuals with concealable stigmatized identities.

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Animals exhibiting mirror self-recognition (MSR) are considered self-aware; however, studies on their level of self-awareness remain inconclusive. Recent research has indicated the potential for cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) to possess a sophisticated level of private self-awareness. However, as this study revealed only an aspect of private self-awareness, further investigation into other elements is essential to substantiate this hypothesis. Here, we show that cleaner fish, having attained MSR, construct a mental image of their bodies by investigating their ability to recall body size. A size-based hierarchy governs the outcomes of their confrontations. The mirror-naïve fish behaved aggressively when presented with photographs of two unfamiliar conspecifics that were 10% larger and 10% smaller than their body sizes. After passing the MSR test, they refrained from aggression toward the larger photographs but still behaved aggressively toward the smaller ones without re-examining their mirror images. These findings suggest that cleaner fish accurately recognize their body size based on mental images of their bodies formed through MSR. Additionally, mirror-experienced fish frequently revisited the mirror when presented with an intimidating larger photograph, implying the potential use of mirrors for assessing body size. Our study established cleaner fish as the first non-human animal to be demonstrated to possess private self-awareness.

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BACKGROUND: Dads and Daughters Exercising and Empowered (DADEE) is a program targeting fathers/father-figures to improve their daughters' physical activity and well-being. Previous randomised controlled efficacy and effectiveness trials of DADEE demonstrated meaningful improvements in a range of holistic outcomes for both fathers and daughters in the short-term. This study aims to assess the long-term impact (12-months) of the program when delivered in the community by trained facilitators. METHODS: Fathers/father-figures and their primary school-aged daughters were recruited from Newcastle, Australia into a single-arm, non-randomised, pre-post study with assessments at baseline, 10-weeks (post-intervention) and 12-months. The 9-session program included weekly 90-min educational and practical sessions, plus home-based tasks. The primary outcome was fathers' and daughters' days per week meeting national physical activity recommendations (≥ 30 min/day of MVPA for fathers, ≥ 60 min/day MVPA for daughters). Secondary outcomes included physical activity, screen time, self-esteem, father-daughter relationship, social-emotional well-being, parenting measures, and process outcomes (including recruitment, attendance, retention and program acceptability). RESULTS: Twelve programs were delivered with 257 fathers (40.0 ± 9.2 years) and 285 daughters (7.7 ± 1.9 years). Mixed effects regression models revealed significant intervention effects for the primary outcome, with fathers increasing the days/week meeting physical activity recommendations by 27% at 10-weeks (p < 0.001) and by 19% at 12-months (p < 0.001) compared with baseline. Likewise, for daughters there was a significant increase by 25% at 10-weeks (p < 0.001) and by 14% at 12-months (p = 0.02) when compared to baseline. After conducting a sensitivity analysis with participants unaffected by COVID-19 lockdowns (n = 175 fathers, n = 192 daughters), the primary outcome results strengthened at both time-points for fathers and at 12-months for daughters. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis revealed significant intervention effects at post-program and 12-months for all secondary outcomes in both fathers and daughters. Furthermore, the process outcomes for recruitment capability, attendance, retention and satisfaction levels were high. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide support for a sustained effect of the DADEE program while delivered in a community setting by trained facilitators. Further investigation is required to identify optimised implementation processes and contextual factors to deliver the program at scale. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12617001450303 . Date registered: 12/10/2017.

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Positive body image is crucial in fostering self-esteem, mental well-being, and positive social functioning. However, our understanding of its development and role in school-aged children remains limited due to a scarcity of measures available for this age group across various countries and cultures. To bridge this gap, the aim of this study was to adapt the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C) for Polish children aged 8-13 years. A total of 206 children completed BAS-2C to measure positive body image, the Figures Rating Scale to measure body satisfaction, and the Self-Perception Profile for Children to measure self-esteem. Parents provided information about their child's weight and height, which enabled analysis of a child's BMI. The results showed that the Polish version of BAS-2C exhibited a unidimensional factor structure, invariance across sex and age groups, and also provided evidence of very good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. BAS-2C scores were correlated positively with Figures Rating Scale, physical appearance and global self-esteem and were related negatively to age and BMI index, and weight group. Moreover, our research indicates that in older children, there are stronger correlations between positive body image and both global and physical appearance self-esteem, compared to younger children. The Polish version of BAS-2C has excellent psychometric properties and is appropriate for use with children aged 8-13 years.

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Introduction: Homelessness is a phenomenon of social exclusion and poverty that has increased alarmingly during recent years. Homeless people (HP) experience violations of several basic human rights or needs that impact their well-being. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the health status and self-perceived health of HP and examining the impact of homelessness on their health. Methods: We used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach that integrated a quantitative cross-sectional study within critical social and ethno-sociological qualitative frameworks. Data were collected in Palma, Spain, from December 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. A total of 198 HP were recruited from the streets and public areas. Basic human needs (Virginia Henderson model), medical diagnoses, substance abuse (DAST-10), diet quality (IASE), depression (PHQ-9), and social support (SSQ-6) were assessed. Then, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted and were analyzed using thematic content and discourse analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated and jointly analyzed. Results: The 79.3% of the participants were men, mean age of 47.8 ± 12.2 years. The 76.4% were Spanish. The participants reported severe difficulties in accessing the labor market, and that this greatly affected their self-esteem and mental health. The 48.9% of the participants suffered from one or more chronic diseases, and 50.3% were diagnosed with a mental health disorder. The participants generally did not consider health problems as a central concern. The health needs that most affected the participants were related to food, safety, and social support. HP frequently felt unsafe, fearfully, and anxious. Conclusion: Homelessness, unemployment, and social exclusion have significant negative impacts on the health and wellbeing of HP. Precarious work conditions and deficiencies in the welfare system contribute significantly to homelessness. These results highlight the need for systemic solutions that extend beyond short-term housing initiatives.

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Objective: Covitality is a meta-construct of positive intra/interpersonal self-schemas that organize and process life experiences. Its synergy favors psychosocial adjustment and prevents mental health problems during adolescence. At these ages, suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine which psychosocial strengths of the covitality model could combat adolescent suicide spectrum. Method: Participants were 5,528 Spanish adolescents aged 12-18 years, 50.74% females. The assessment protocol was completed in schools, under the supervision of the research staff. Statistical analyses were conducted using hurdle models, i.e., modeling zero-inflated count data. This process provided two sets of outcomes: the association - in probabilistic terms - between psychosocial strengths and the absence of suicide indicators (i.e., non-occurrence) and the association of these assets - via regression coefficients - with increased experimentation (i.e., duration/quantity). Results: All psychosocial strengths of the covitality model were related to the non-ocurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, but not all to a shorter duration/quantity of their phenotypic manifestations. Covitality obtained greater association values on suicidal tendencies than its components analyzed independently. Belief in self and engaged living were the second-order factors with the higher estimating capacity. Specifically, emotional self-awareness, enthusiasm, gratitude, family support, and behavioral self-control were key first-order assets. Conclusions: These findings suggest that training adolescents in covitality assets could be an effective strategy for universal prevention against premature suicide. Moreover, this study provide evidence on which psychosocial strengths could counteract each phenotypic manifestation of suicide in order to customize selective and indicated preventive actions.

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BACKGROUND: the clubfoot is one of the most common pathologies in pediatric orthopedics. There are few studies of physical self-concept and perception of health in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Population aged 16 to 18 years with the diagnosis of clubfoot. Being a sample of 55 patients, who underwent the SF-36, Laaveg-Ponseti Health Questionnaire, and the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire. Evaluating physical abilities, physical condition, physical attractiveness. Presence of pain, general health, total function, emotional role, mental health, and satisfaction after treatment.There were 3 groups, according to the treatment received. Group 1, made up of 16 patients, treated only with the Ponseti method. Group 2 with 13 patients who received treatment with the Ponseti method, postero-medial release and osteotomies in the midfoot and/or hindfoot. And group 3 with 26 patients, who received postero-medial release and midfoot and/or hindfoot osteotomies. RESULTS: for the Laaveg-Ponseti questionnaire, comparing the score between the three groups, a statistically significant difference was found in group 1, with a higher score. In the Physical Self-Concept questionnaire and the SF-36 health questionnaire, no significant difference was found between the groups. CONCLUSION: the quality of life of patients with clubfoot are from excellent to good, no matter of the group to which they belonged. The state of physical and mental health by the SF-36 scale were fined. And physical self-concept evaluated was higher than the average. With these studies, we can expose a more comprehensive management. We find that the satisfaction of these patients will be fine in the future.

ANTECEDENTES: el pie equino varo aducto congénito es de las patologías más comunes en ortopedia pediátrica. Encontramos pocos estudios que investiguen el autoconcepto físico y percepción de salud en estos pacientes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Población entre 16 a 18 años con el diagnóstico de pie equino varo aducto congénito. Siendo una muestra de 55 pacientes a quienes se les realizó el cuestionario de salud SF-36, Laaveg-Ponseti y el cuestionario de autoconcepto físico. Evaluando habilidades físicas, condición física, atractivo físico. Presencia de dolor, salud en general, función total, rol emocional, salud mental y satisfacción ante el resultado final obtenido posterior a tratamiento. Se crearon tres grupos de acuerdo con el tratamiento recibido. El grupo 1 integrado por 16 pacientes, tratamiento únicamente con método Ponseti. El grupo 2 integrado por 13 pacientes, quienes recibieron tratamiento con método Ponseti, liberación posteromedial (LPM) y osteotomías en mediopié y/o retropié. Y el grupo 3 integrado por 26 pacientes, quienes recibieron manejo con LPM y osteotomías de mediopié y/o retropié. RESULTADOS: para el cuestionario de Laaveg-Ponseti comparando el puntaje entre los tres grupos se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el grupo 1, con un mayor puntaje. En el cuestionario de autoconcepto físico y el cuestionario de salud SF-36 no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: la calidad de vida de un paciente con pie equino varo aducto congénito fue de excelente a buena sin importar el grupo al que pertenecían. El estado de salud física y mental valorado mediante escala de SF-36 se encuentra en un adecuado estado. Y el autoconcepto físico evaluado es superior a la media. Con estos estudios podemos llevar un manejo más integral. Encontramos que la satisfacción que tendrán a futuro estos pacientes puede ser adecuada.

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Professionals and academics have recently placed a greater emphasis on comprehending the elements that go into improving students' psychological wellbeing. Students frequently face major obstacles as a result of the rigorous nature of academic life, which can result in problems like tension, depression and other psychological health concerns. These complications have a long-lasting influence on their future aspirations in addition to affecting their academic achievement. This study determined the effects of music learning on students' academic performance and psychological well-being. The mediating role of self-efficacy and self-esteem are also examined in this study. The data is collected from 326 students in Chinese universities and applied structural equation modeling for empirical analysis. The findings show that music education improves the students' psychological well-being, which in turn improves their academic performance. Additionally, psychological health is a major factor in improving the academic performance. There is significant mediating impact of self-efficacy and self-esteem in relationship between mental well-being and music education. To improve students' psychological health, it is suggested that policy makers should consider the integration of music education into academic settings.

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OBJECTIVE: ADHD is subject to stigma from the general population. Exposure to stigma poses the risk of developing self-stigma of youth and parents, but few studies have focused on self-stigma of ADHD. Furthermore, parental factors have been implicated in self-stigma of youth, but no previous research has assessed the association between self-stigma of parents and youth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to better understand the experience of self-stigma of youth and their parents in the context of ADHD. METHOD: Fifty-five youth with ADHD (aged 8-17) and one parent reporter per youth completed surveys to report their experiences. RESULTS: The results of this study found that both youth and parents reported significantly lower self-stigma scores compared to most previously published research. Parents of boys reported higher self-stigma scores compared to parents of girls. Youth who reported higher self-stigma also reported lower self-esteem. Self-stigma scores in youth were predicted by inattentive symptoms but not hyperactive/impulsive symptoms or parental self-stigma. CONCLUSION: Results emphasize the importance of understanding self-stigma of ADHD, symptom severity, and the need for interventions for families with ADHD.

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BACKGROUND: Emotional abuse is one of the important risk factors for adolescent loneliness. However, there is a shortage of information regarding protective factors and potential mediating mechanisms between emotional abuse and adolescent loneliness, which require further investigation. OBJECTIVES: The present study explored the chain mediating role of self-compassion and rejection sensitivity on the pathway from childhood emotional abuse to adolescent loneliness, based on attachment theory and a stress process model. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Five hundred sixty-seven Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years participated in this study. METHODS: An online questionnaire was utilized to assess a variety of variables including childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, self-compassion, rejection sensitivity, and loneliness. To increase the validity of the results, physical and sexual abuse were included as covariates since emotional abuse may co-occur with these types of abuse. RESULTS: Emotional abuse in childhood is significantly positively correlated with adolescent loneliness. Emotional abuse in childhood can affect adolescent loneliness not only directly, but also indirectly through self-compassion (including its components of self-warmth and self-coldness) and rejection sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds further light on the chain mediating role of self-compassion and rejection sensitivity in the relationship between emotional abuse in childhood and loneliness in adolescence, suggesting that intervention programs targeting increased self-compassion and decreased rejection sensitivity may be effective to reduce loneliness in adolescents.

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This study analyzes the self-perception of body image reported by adolescents from 2009 to 2019 according to sex and region, based on the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). An epidemiological, descriptive time-series analysis was carried out with prevalence and trend measures of how adolescents perceive themselves in relation to their bodies according to the data provided by the PeNSE surveys from 2009 to 2019. The prevalence of adolescents who considered themselves normal reached 47.6% (95%CI: 46.1-49.1) in 2019, representing a negative difference of 12.5 percentage points (p.p.) and a variation of 20.7% compared to 2009. In 2019, 31.4% (95%CI: 30.0-32.9) of boys reported feeling thin or very thin, a difference of 8.4p.p. compared to 2009. On the other hand, 28.6% (95%CI: 26.1-31.1) of girls perceived themselves as fat or very fat in 2019, representing a variation of 7.3p.p. compared to 2009. In recent years, there has been a change in the body self-perception of adolescents, with a reduction in the prevalence of those who consider themselves normal and an increase among those who consider themselves thin or very thin for males and fat or very fat for females. These results indicates the importance of investigating the consequences of perceiving oneself as thin or very thin and fat or very fat in the lives of adolescents.

Este estudo analisa a prevalência da autopercepção da imagem corporal relatada pelos adolescentes entre os anos de 2009 e 2019 segundo sexo e região com base na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Foi realizada uma análise epidemiológica, descritiva de série temporal com medidas de prevalência e tendência de como os adolescentes se percebem em relação ao próprio corpo, conforme os dados fornecidos pelas edições da PeNSE nos anos de 2009 a 2019. A prevalência dos adolescentes que se consideravam "normais" atingiu 47,6% (IC95%: 46,1-49,1) em 2019, representando uma diferença negativa de 12,5 pontos percentuauis (p.p.) e uma variação de 20,7% em relação ao ano de 2009. Em 2019, 31,4% (IC95%: 30,0-32,9) dos meninos relataram sentir-se magros ou muito magros, representando uma diferença de 8,4p.p. em relação a 2009. Já as meninas tiveram uma prevalência de 28,6% (IC95%: 26,1-31,1) em sentir-se gordas ou muito gordas no ano de 2019, representando uma variação de 7,3p.p. em relação a 2009. Nos últimos anos, houve uma mudança na autopercepção corporal dos adolescentes, com redução nas prevalências daqueles que se consideravam "normais" e um aumento entre aqueles que se consideravam magros ou muito magros para o sexo masculino e gordos ou muito gordos para o sexo feminino. Tais resultados apontam para a importância de investigar as consequências da autopercepção magra ou muito magra e gorda ou muito gorda na vida dos adolescentes.

Este estudio analiza la prevalencia de la autopercepción de la imagen corporal reportada por adolescentes entre el 2009 y el 2019 según el sexo y la región con base en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE). Se realizó un análisis epidemiológico, descriptivo de serie temporal con medidas de prevalencia y tendencia de la manera en que los adolescentes se perciben con relación a su cuerpo según los datos proporcionados por las ediciones de la PeNSE del 2009 al 2019. La prevalencia de los adolescentes que se consideraban normales alcanzó el 47,6% (IC95%: 46,1-49,1) en el 2019, lo que representa una diferencia negativa de 12,5 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) y una variación del 20,7% con relación al año del 2009. En el 2019, el 31,4% (IC95%: 30,0-32,9) de los chicos refirieron sentirse delgados o muy delgados, lo que representa una diferencia de 8,4p.p. respecto al 2009. A su vez, las chicas tuvieron una prevalencia del 28,6% (IC95%: 26,1-31,1) en sentirse gordas o muy gordas en el 2019, lo que representa una variación de 7,3p.p. respecto al 2009. En los últimos años, se produjo un cambio en la autopercepción corporal de los adolescentes con una reducción en las prevalencias de los que se consideraban normales y un aumento entre los que se consideraban delgados o muy delgados para el sexo masculino y gordas o muy gordas para el sexo femenino. Estos resultados apuntan a la importancia de investigar las consecuencias de la autopercepción de ser delgado o muy delgado y gordo o muy gordo en la vida de los adolescentes.

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