RESUMEN
Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are widely investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential, however, there is little evidence regarding their action in the lung parenchyma in the context of obesity. The objective is to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil (FS), rich in α-linolenic (C18:3 - ω3), on the lungs of obese mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, a part of these animals received HF containing FS oil for another 8 weeks. The HF consumption induced weight gain and hyperglycemia. The lung parenchyma shows a complete fatty acids profile, compared to the control group (CT). In the lung parenchyma, FS increases the ω3 content and, notwithstanding a reduction in the interleukins (IL) IL1ß and IL18 contents compared to HF. However, FS promoted increased alveolar spaces, followed by MCP1 (Monocytes Chemoattractant Protein-1) positive cell infiltration and a dramatic reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10. Despite reducing the pulmonary inflammatory response, the consumption of a food source of ω3 was associated with alterations in the lipid profile and histoarchitecture of the lung parenchyma, which can lead to the development of pulmonary complications. This study brings an alert against the indiscriminate use of ω3 supplements, warranting caution.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Aceite de Linaza , Pulmón , Obesidad , Animales , Aceite de Linaza/farmacología , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones , Ratones Obesos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant bacteria in humans have prompted the search for alternative solutions derived from herbal medicines that can substitute antibiotics in livestock production. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the phytogenic properties of Marrubium vulgare infusion (MVI) on weaned pigs. Thirty animals were randomly divided into five groups of six animals, each receiving a physiological solution, clenbuterol and the infusion extract at doses of 0.01 (MVI 1%), 0.1 (MVI 10%) and 0.2 (MVI 20%) mg kg-1 for 28 days. Biochemical parameters and the liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) chemical profiles of the infusion extract and animal serum were studied. RESULTS: The doses MVI 1 and 10% led to weight gain higher than the controls. No significant changes were noted in the biochemical parameters including erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and others. Evaluation of enzymatic levels in blood revealed no significant changes. LC-ESI-MS data of MVI showed the presence of 34 secondary metabolites, and successive chromatographic purification of MVI yielded marrubiin and apigenin as major components. LC-ESI-MS data of animal serum showed the presence of a diterpene, a flavonoid and diverse cholic acid derivatives. CONCLUSION: Results indicated the doses MVI 1 and 10% promote weight gain with no significant alterations in blood biochemicals, and liver and kidney function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Asunto(s)
Marrubium , Extractos Vegetales , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Animales , Porcinos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Marrubium/química , Destete , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , FemeninoRESUMEN
The consumption of a high-fat high-fructose diet partly resemble the western dietary patterns, which is closely associated with excessive body adiposity and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, this unhealthy regime produces unfavourable changes on the faecal microbiota, potentially interfering with microorganisms postbiotic function, such as spermidine, a natural polyamine that has been involved in the control of weight gain. The study aimed to analyse the repercussions of spermidine supplementation on somatic measurements, metabolic markers, and the faecal microbiota profile of rats fed a diet rich in fat and fructose. Indeed, Wistar males with oral administration of spermidine (20 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks were evaluated for food and energy intake, biochemical markers, and faecal microbiota signatures. The daily use of spermidine decreased weight gain ( P < 0.01), reduced feed efficiency ( P < 0.01), and attenuated visceral fat deposition ( P < 0.01), although no effect on energy intake, hepatic weight, triglyceride and glucose index and atherogenic indexes. Similarly, the consumption of spermidine partially restored the presence of microbial species, notably Akkermansia muciniphila. Elevated concentrations of this species were linked to a decrease in triglycerides ( P = 0.04), indicating that the supplementation of spermidine might contribute to managing energy fuel homeostasis in association with an obesogenic diet.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Heces , Fructosa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratas Wistar , Espermidina , Animales , Espermidina/farmacología , Masculino , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Fructosa/efectos adversos , Fructosa/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/microbiología , Obesidad/microbiología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate if a mixture of functional lipids (FLs), containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), tocopherols (TPs), and phytosterols (PSs), prevents some lipid alterations induced by high-fat (HF) diets, without adverse effects. METHODS: Male CF1 mice (n = 6/group) were fed (4 weeks) with control (C), HF, or HF + FL diets. RESULTS: FL prevented the overweight induced by the HF diet and reduced the adipose tissue (AT) weight, associated with lower energy efficiency. After the intervention period, the serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in both HF diets underwent a decrease associated with an enhanced LPL activity (mainly in muscle). The beneficial effect of the FL mixture on body weight gain and AT weight might be attributed to the decreased lipogenesis, denoted by the lower mRNA levels of SREBP1-c and ACC in AT, as well as by an exacerbated lipid catabolism, reflected by increased mRNA levels of PPARα, ATGL, HSL, and UCP2 in AT. Liver TAG levels were reduced in the HF + FL group due to an elevated lipid oxidation associated with a higher CPT-1 activity and mRNA levels of PPARα and CPT-1a. Moreover, genes linked to fatty acid biosynthesis (SREBP1-c and ACC) showed decreased mRNA levels in both HF diets, this finding being more pronounced in the HF + FL group. CONCLUSION: The administration of an FL mixture (CLA + TP + PS) prevented some lipid alterations induced by a HF diet, avoiding frequent deleterious effects of CLA in mice through the modulation of gene expression related to the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado , PPAR alfa , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles , Triglicéridos , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratones , Masculino , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , PPAR alfa/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles/genética , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/farmacología , Lipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/metabolismo , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 2/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 2/genética , Fitosteroles/farmacología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Lipoproteína Lipasa/metabolismo , Lipoproteína Lipasa/genéticaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The efficacy of liraglutide for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity is well established, but their role in the treatment of weight regain after bariatric surgery remains unclear. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases in January 2024. A random-effects model was employed to compute mean differences (MD) and events per 100 observations with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for continuous and binary endpoints. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included and 881 individuals. Patients were mostly female (50%), aged 36 to 55 years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 39.4 kg/m2, and had BS surgery 5 years prior. Over a mean follow-up time ranging from 3 months to 4 years, it was observed a statistically significant reduction in BMI (MD - 8.56 kg/m2; 95% CI 3.34 to 13.79; p < 0.01) and a mean reduction in total weight (MD - 16.03 kg; 95% CI 0.03 to 32.02; p = 0.05) after liraglutide use. Additionally, 65% of patients undertaking liraglutide showed total body weight loss (BWL) above 5% (65.8 events per 100 observations; 95% CI 54.96 to 75.20; p < 0.01), while 26% lost more than 10% of total BWL (26.77 events per 100 observations; 95% CI 19.17 to 36.02; p < 0.01). A limitation is a variability between the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the use of liraglutide for weight management in patients who experience weight regain after BS. Liraglutide is well tolerated and promotes significant weight loss, providing clinicians with a therapeutic option for this clinical challenge.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica , Liraglutida , Obesidad Mórbida , Aumento de Peso , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Liraglutida/uso terapéutico , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Obesidad Mórbida/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and economic viability of diets containing different levels of antibiotic and buriti oil (BO) on performance, carcass and cut yields, and relative weight of organs of broilers. A total of 432 one- to 42-day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments, each consisting of six replicates of 12 birds. The treatments consisted of one diet with antibiotic without BO, one diet without antibiotic (DWA) without BO, and four DWA containing increasing levels of BO (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%). Average weight and weight gain (WG) of broilers fed with DWA + BO were similar to those of birds fed control diet. Feed intake and feed conversion (FC) were not different among treatments. Relative weight of pancreas linearly increased in the birds fed diets containing BO. The inclusion of 0.45 and 0.40% of BO in the diets promoted the improvement of WG and FC, respectively. Cost of feed management, ratio, gross margin, and gross income did not differ among treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of 0.45% of BO in diets without antibiotics is economically feasible and allows recovering the performance of broilers.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Pollos , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: It is unclear whether parental consumption of non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) can affect subsequent generations. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic parental consumption of sucralose and stevia in mice affects body weight gain and liver and intestinal expression of histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) in these animals and in the subsequent first filial (F1) and second filial (F2) generations. METHODS: Male and female mice (n = 47) were divided into three groups to receive water alone or supplemented with sucralose (0.1 mg/mL) or stevia (0.1 mg/mL) for 16 wk (parental [F0] generation). F0 mice were bred to produce the F1 generation; then, F1 mice were bred to produce the F2 generation. F1 and F2 animals did not receive NNSs. After euthanasia, hepatic and intestinal expression of Hdac3 was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Body weight gain did not differ between the three groups in the F0 generation, but it was greater in the F1 sucralose and stevia groups than in the control group. Consumption of both NNSs in the F0 generation was associated with lower Hdac3 expression in the liver and higher in the intestine. Hepatic Hdac3 expression was normalized to the control values in the F1 and F2 animals of the sucralose and stevia groups. Intestinal expression was still higher in the F1 generations of the sucralose and stevia groups but was partially normalized in the F2 generation of these groups, compared with control. CONCLUSIONS: NNS consumption differentially affects hepatic and intestinal Hdac3 expression. Changes in hepatic expression are not transmitted to the F1 and F2 generations whereas those in intestinal expression are enhanced in the F1 and attenuated in the F2 generations.
Asunto(s)
Histona Desacetilasas , Hígado , Stevia , Sacarosa , Edulcorantes , Animales , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasas/genética , Masculino , Sacarosa/análogos & derivados , Sacarosa/farmacología , Femenino , Ratones , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Edulcorantes/farmacología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Edulcorantes no Nutritivos/farmacología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Early-life stress and subsequent high-calorie diets during adolescence are known to be risk factors for developing metabolic and psychological disorders. Although non-nutritive sweeteners such as stevia and sucralose have been a useful alternative to reduce sugar consumption, the effects of prolonged consumption of these sweeteners on metabolism and behavior in adolescents remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of early-stress followed by access to stevia or sucralose during adolescence on weight gain, glycemia, and anxiety-related behaviors in male and female rats. During postnatal days (PNDs) 1-21, pups were separated twice a day, for 180 min each time, from their dam nest while non-separated pups served as controls. The pups were weaned, separated by sex and randomly distributed into the stevia, sucralose and water conditions. During PNDs 26-50, two bottles containing water and stevia or sucralose were placed in the animal home-cages, and body weight and blood glucose measures were scored. On PNDs 50 and 51, behavioral measures were obtained in the open-field test. Results showed that male rats consuming stevia reduced body weight gain, blood glucose and increased locomotion. Early-stress led to low blood glucose and alterations in anxiety and locomotion-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Moreover, sucralose access during adolescence reversed the effects of early-stress on anxiety-related behaviors in female rats. The results suggest that the consumption of stevia and sucralose could be an alternative for the replacement of sugar-sweetened beverages, especially in adolescents who have had adverse early-life experiences.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , Glucemia , Stevia , Estrés Psicológico , Sacarosa , Sacarosa/análogos & derivados , Edulcorantes , Aumento de Peso , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Sacarosa/farmacología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Edulcorantes/farmacología , Ratas , Animales Recién Nacidos , Conducta Exploratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Exploratoria/fisiología , Caracteres Sexuales , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of synthesizing existing data on the efficacy and safety of topiramate as an adjunctive treatment for reducing second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)-associated weight gain in children aged 4-18 years. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, PsychNet and Web of Science from time of their inception up to 12 February 2024, including randomized controlled trials that compared SGA treatment with and without topiramate co-administration in children. The primary outcomes were changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. RESULTS: This systematic review included five randomized trials, totalling 139 participants (43.9% female; mean [SD] age 11.9 [3.5] years). Four of these trials were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 116 subjects. We found that topiramate was significantly effective both in reducing SGA-associated weight gain, with a mean difference of -2.80 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] -5.28 to -0.31; p = 0.037, I2 = 86.7%) and a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -1.33 (95% CI -2.14 to -0.51; p = 0.014, I2 = 31.7%), and in reducing BMI change compared to placebo (SMD -1.90, 95% CI -3.09 to -0.70; p = 0.02, I2 = 0%). Sedation risk was lower with topiramate than with placebo (odds ratio 0.19, 95% CI 0.11-0.32; p < 0.01, I2 = 0%). No significant differences were found in dropouts, any other side effects, and metabolic parameters, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose. None of the included studies reported assessments on cognitive side effects. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that topiramate is an effective and safe option for mitigating SGA-associated weight gain in children.
Asunto(s)
Antipsicóticos , Topiramato , Aumento de Peso , Humanos , Topiramato/uso terapéutico , Topiramato/efectos adversos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Preescolar , Femenino , Masculino , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Obesidad Infantil/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
Acetato de Megestrol (AM). Indicação: Tratamento da Síndrome anorexia-caquexia (SAC) em doentes crônicos em fase de cuidados paliativos. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança do uso do AM em doentes crônicos sob cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão rápida de revisões sistemáticas, com levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science e em registros de revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada com a ferramenta AMSTAR-2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Version 2). Resultados: A busca recuperou um total de 2.370 após exclusão das duplicatas; 1003 estudos foram triados pelo título e resumo, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Dezesseis RSs foram selecionadas para leitura completa, sendo que, destas, apenas 1 RS foi classificado com alta qualidade metodológica. Após a análise dos ECR das RSs excluídas, um ECR foi incluído considerando os critérios de inclusão. Dois estudos adicionais publicados posteriormente a RS de Ruiz-Garcia et al. Conclusão: Com base nas evidências disponíveis, o AM proporciona leve ganho de peso e melhora o apetite, porém esses resultados não refletem melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, além de haver risco considerável de desenvolver fenômenos tromboembólicos
Megestrol acetate (MA). Indication: treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome (ACS) in chronic diseases patients, under palliative care. Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of Megestrol Acetate to treat ACS in patients under palliative care. Methods: Rapid review protocol of Systematic Reviews and Clinical Trials. A literature Search was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases and in clinical trials records, following a predefined strategy. The methodological quality of the selected articles was assessed through AMSTAR-2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Version 2) tool. Results: the search resulted in 2,370 articles, after the duplicates exclusion. 1003 were analyzed by tittle and abstracts according the inclusion criteria. 16 were selected for full text reading, and only one considered to have high methodological quality. After the analyses of the Randomized Clinical Trials of the excluded Systematic Reviews, one RCT was included. Two additional studies published after the SR of Ruiz-Garcia et al were also included. Conclusion: based on available evidence, the MA promoted a small gain in body weight and a slight appetite improvement, although these results did not imply an enhancement in their quality of life. Moreover, there is a considerable risk of causing thromboembolic disorders
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Acetato de Megestrol/efectos adversos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) and Syzygium cumini extract (SCE) have been used in traditional medicine due to their hypoglycemic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of these extracts, as well as to evaluate their toxicities. The phytochemical profiles were obtained by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analyses. Pharmacological screening, motor activity, motor coordination and acute toxicity were evaluated by administering HSE or SCE (oral or intraperitoneal routes) at different doses to mice. The anti-obesity effects were examined by assessing the decrease in food intake and body weight loss in Wistar albino rats and by gastrointestinal transit in Swiss albino mice. Sibutramine was used as the positive control. Both extracts showed no toxic effects. At the end of 7 days of treatment, we observed that SCE and HSE reduced the weight gain and food intake of the treated rats in relation to the controls. Sub-chronic treatment revealed that HSE, SCE and sibutramine had the best effect 7 and 14 days after starting treatment. After 28 days, the SCE group showed less weight gain and reduced food consumption compared to the HSE group and controls. In addition, intestinal transit was increased in the HSE group, which is probably due to the high fiber content of the extract and may explain its anti-obesity properties. Myricetin glycosides were found in high levels in SCE and low levels in HSE, which may be the main compounds associated with the anti-obesity effect found in SCE. It is not possible to suggest an effective dose without conducting a preclinical toxicology study. We recommend clinical studies that evaluate the efficacy and safety, as well as the effect of discontinuing the extracts.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hibiscus , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Syzygium , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Ratones , Obesidad/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Mirtazapine (MIRT) is a multi-target antidepressant used in treatment of severe depression with promising efficacy, but also with important side effects, mainly sedation and weight gain. Thus, the present study aimed to test the effects of the neuroprotective antioxidant lipoic acid (ALA) in the reversal of weight and metabolic changes induced by MIRT in corticosterone-induced depression model in mice, as well as proposed mechanisms for their association antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects. To do these male Swiss mice received Tween 80 (control), corticosterone (CORT 20 mg / kg), MIRT (3 mg / kg) and ALA (100 or 200 mg / kg), alone or associated for 21 days. After this, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests for affective and cognitive domains. Daily weight changes, blood cholesterol fractions and corticosterone were measured. Also, hippocampus (HC) protein expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT), synaptophysin, protein kinase B-Akt (total and phosphorylated) and the cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were investigated. CORT induced a marked depression-like behavior, memory deficits, metabolic changes (total cholesterol and LDL) and increased serum corticosterone. Also, CORT increased SERT expression in the HC. MIRT alone or combined with ALA sustained its antidepressant-like effect, as well as reversed CORT-induced impairment in spatial recognition memory. Additionally, the association MIRT+ALA200 reversed the weight gain induced by the former antidepressant, as well as reduced serum corticosterone levels and SERT expression in the HC. ALA alone induced significant weight loss and reduced total cholesterol and HDL fraction. Our findings provide promising evidence about the ALA potential to prevent metabolic and weight changes associated to MIRT, without impair its antidepressant and pro-cognition actions. Therefore, ALA+MIRT combination could represent a new therapeutic strategy for treating depression with less side effects.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Disfunción Cognitiva , Corticosterona/farmacología , Depresión , Mirtazapina/farmacología , Ácido Tióctico/farmacología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antidepresivos/efectos adversos , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/inducido químicamente , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Corticosterona/sangre , Depresión/inducido químicamente , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Depresión/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Mirtazapina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Sucralose is a widely consumed non-nutritive sweetener (NNS). Studies have shown that some NNS can favor weight gain by altering the intestinal microbiota, satiety hormone production, or aspects related to glucose homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of ad libitum sucralose consumption in mice fed with normal or high-fat diet (HFD) for an extended period (16 weeks). Weight gain, final body composition, energy expenditure, intestinal and pancreatic hormone production, and endotoxemia during a voracity test, as well as liver and skeletal muscles were evaluated after 16 weeks. We observed that sucralose supplementation reduced weight gain in HFD-fed mice but did not change weight gain in mice fed with normal diet. The evaluation of HFD mice showed that sucralose supplementation resulted in improvements in glycemic homeostasis, hepatic steatosis, and increased energy expenditure. Our results suggest that sucralose consumption promotes different outcomes in relation to weight gain when combined with different diets, which may explain the controversial data in previous studies, and can be considered in future clinical research aimed at clarifying the impact of NNS consumption on human health.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Sacarosa/análogos & derivados , Edulcorantes/farmacología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Endotoxemia/metabolismo , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Intestinos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Sacarosa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Arsenic is considered a worldwide pollutant that can be present in drinking water. Arsenic exposure is associated with various diseases, including cancer. Antioxidants as selenite and α-tocopherol-succinate have been shown to modulate arsenic toxic effects. Since changes in STAT3 and PSMD10 gene expression have been associated with carcinogenesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arsenic exposure and co-treatments with selenite or α-tocopherol-succinate on the expression of these genes, in the livers of chronically exposed Syrian golden hamsters. Animals were divided into six groups: (i) control, (ii) chronically treated with 100 ppm arsenic, (iii) treated with 6 ppm α-tocopherol-succinate (α-TOS), (iv) treated with 8.5 ppm selenite, (v) treated with arsenic + α-TOS, and (vi) treated with arsenic + selenite. Urine samples and livers were collected after 20 weeks of continuous exposure. The urine samples were analyzed for arsenic species by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and real-time RT-qPCR analysis was performed for gene expression evaluation. A reduction in STAT3 expression was observed in the selenite-treated group. No differences in PSMD10 expression were found among groups. Histopathological analysis revealed hepatic lymphocytosis in selenite-treated animals. As a conclusion, long-term exposure to arsenic does not significantly alter the expression of STAT3 and PSMD10 oncogenes in the livers of hamsters; however, selenite down-regulates STAT3 expression and provokes lymphocytosis.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Arsénico/efectos adversos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitosis/inducido químicamente , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Ácido Selenioso/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Arsénico/administración & dosificación , Arsénico/orina , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/genética , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Ácido Selenioso/administración & dosificación , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacología , alfa-Tocoferol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Carboxymethyl-glucan (CMG) is a derivative of ß-D-glucan extracted from Sacharomyces cerevisae. This polymer presents improved physicochemical properties and shows health benefits, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antiplatelet activities, and improved vascular function. However, studies concerning the effect of administration of CMG on the cardiovascular parameters, mainly in the field of hypertension, are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of CMG in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY) models. Normotensive and hypertensive animals received CMG at doses of 20 mg kg-1 and 60 mg kg-1 for four weeks. Then, weight gain, lipid profile, renal function, blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, baroreflex sensitivity, and sympathetic tone were evaluated. Oral administration of CMG influenced weight gain and cholesterol levels, and significantly reduced urea in the hypertensive animals. It decreased blood pressure levels and cardiac hypertrophy, improved baroreflex response, and reduced the influence of sympathetic tone. The results demonstrate the antihypertensive effect of CMG through improvement in baroreflex sensitivity via sympathetic tone modulation.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Barorreflejo/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , Animales , Cardiomegalia/patología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine whether a phytogenic blend (PB), formulated based on organic acids, tannins, curcumin, and essential oils, could replace the antimicrobials commonly used as growth promoters in the poultry industry without compromising zootechnical performance, health, or meat quality. In addition, our goal was to report the anti-aflatoxin effect of this phytogenic blend. Four treatments were used: TC, or control; T250, T500, and T1000, representing test doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg PB/kg of feed, respectively, or a 34-day experiment (initial and growth phases). On day 22 of the study and age of the birds, 500 ppb of aflatoxin was included in the diet to represent an intestinal challenge and to evaluate the growth-promoting effects of PB. In the initial phase (up to 21 days), there were no differences between groups in weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion. After adding an aflatoxin-contaminated feed, doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg minimized the adverse effects on feed consumption and feed conversion caused by aflatoxin; but 1000 mg/kg did not differ between groups. In birds that consumed PB (T250, T500, and T1000) compared to the control, there were the following changes: 1) lower counts of heterophiles, lymphocytes, and monocytes; 2) lower lipid peroxidation and high non-protein thiols levels in breast meat; 3) lower bacteria counts in broiler litter; and 4) lower ALT levels. Greater intestinal villus/crypt ratios were observed at T250 and T500. The dose of 250 mg/kg reduced saturated fatty acids and increased unsaturated fatty acids. The chemical-physical composition of the meat did not differ between treatments. The findings suggest that the addition of a PB has a high potential to improve performance for chickens in the growing stage and minimize the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Alimentación Animal , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Plantas Comestibles , Productos Avícolas , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ácidos Grasos/farmacología , Calidad de los Alimentos , Masculino , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: While chronic feeding with high-fat or high-sugar diets is known related to obesity and type 2 diabetes, later data have indicated that it is also related to depression and anxiety appearance. In this regard, multi-target drugs raise considerable interest as promising therapeutic solutions to complex diseases. Considering the pharmacological effects of the imidazopyridine-derivative moiety imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and the organoselenium molecules, the combination of both could be a feasible strategy to develop efficient drugs to handle obesity and related comorbidities, for example dyslipidemia and mood disorders. METHODS: The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like properties of a selanylimidazopyridine compound, 2-Phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (3-SePh-IP), were evaluated on high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed female Swiss mice. KEY FINDINGS: Our results showed that a short-term HFFD (16 days) could promote a significant body weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, glucose intolerance, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in mice. Concomitant treatment with 3-SePh-IP (10 mg/kg; i.p.) attenuated the HFFD-induced increase in cholesterol levels and blunted the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in mice. CONCLUSIONS: 3-SePh-IP holds multimodal pharmacological properties, which provide a rationale for further studies, for example to assess the underlying mechanisms linked to its anxiolytic- and antidepressive-like activities.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Fructosa/efectos adversos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Animales , Ansiedad/inducido químicamente , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Depresión/inducido químicamente , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Suspensión Trasera , Ratones , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
SCOPE: Coconut oil (CO) diets remain controversial due to the possible association with metabolic disorder and obesity. This study investigates the metabolic effects of a low amount of CO supplementation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Swiss male mice are assigned to be supplemented orally during 8 weeks with 300 µL of water for the control group (CV), 100 or 300 µL of CO (CO100 and CO300) and 100 or 300 µL of soybean oil (SO; SO100 and SO300). CO led to anxious behavior, increase in body weight gain, and adiposity. In the hypothalamus, CO and SO increase cytokines expression and pJNK, pNFKB, and TLR4 levels. Nevertheless, the adipose tissue presented increases macrophage infiltration, TNF-α and IL-6 after CO and SO consumption. IL-1B and CCL2 expression, pJNK and pNFKB levels increase only in CO300. In the hepatic tissue, CO increases TNF-α and chemokines expression. Neuronal cell line (mHypoA-2/29) exposed to serum from CO and SO mice shows increased NFKB migration to the nucleus, TNF-α, and NFKBia expression, but are prevented by inhibitor of TLR4 (TAK-242). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a low-dose CO changes the behavioral pattern, induces inflammatory pathway activation, TLR4 expression in healthy mice, and stimulates the pro-inflammatory response through a TLR4-mediated mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Aceite de Coco/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Coco/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Hipotalámicas/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Metabólicas/inducido químicamente , Adiposidad/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Masculino , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Toll-Like 4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor Toll-Like 4/fisiología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Piperidines are biogenic amines studied mainly in toxicology because they were initially found as alkaloids from peppers and insect venoms. Piperidines are also produced in the human body, and their actions seem to be related to wakefulness/sleep and other cognitive phenomena. Piperidines have been minimally characterized for therapeutic applications. In this context, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (1-Boc-piperidine) is a piperidine-derivative molecule with no mechanism of action reported, although its uses include the synthesis of GPR119 selective agonists that have been patented as anti-obesity drugs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to study the effects of 1-Boc-piperidine on binge-eating behaviour and anxiety in Wistar rats. METHODS: In experimental protocol 1, binge-eating behaviour was induced in animals that received pre-treatment (i.p.) with (i) vehicle (methanol 10%; 1 mL/kg), (ii) 1-Boc-piperidine (1 µmol kg-1), or (iii) 1-Boc-piperidine (10 µmol kg-1). In experimental protocol 2, mildly stressed animals were evaluated in the elevated plus maze under the acute effects of the pre-treatments applied in experimental protocol 1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 1-Boc-piperidine decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the intake of calories from a succulent hyper-caloric food in a binge-eating protocol in female rats, whereas the acute exposition to this piperidine exerted an anxiolytic effect in the male rat. In both effects, the mechanism of action remains to be characterized.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno por Atracón/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Ansiedad/etiología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Trastorno por Atracón/etiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Ligandos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Dolor/complicaciones , Unión Proteica , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/química , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/química , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of two commercially available fish oils (FOs) containing different proportions of two omega-3 fatty acids (FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions of white adipose tissue resulting from obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks old, received a control or high-fat diet (CO and HF groups, with 9% and 59% energy from fat, respectively) for 8 weeks. The next 8 weeks, the HF group was subdivided into HF, HF+FO/E (HF+5:1 EPA:DHA), and HF+FO/D (HF+5:1 DHA:EPA). Supplementation was performed by gavage, three times a week. All groups that received the HF diet had lower food and caloric intake, but a higher fat intake, body weight (BW) gain, glucose intolerance, and a significant increase in inguinal (ING), retroperitoneal (RP), and epididymal (EPI) adipose tissues when compared to the CO group. Additionally, HF and HF+FO/D groups showed insulin resistance, adipocyte hypertrophy, increased lipolysis and secretion of TNF-α, resistin and IL-10 adipokines by ING and RP adipocytes, and adiponectin only by the HF+FO/D group in ING adipocytes. All of these effects were completely reversed in the HF+FO/E group, which also showed partial reversion in BW gain and glucose intolerance. Both the HF+FO/E and HF+FO/D groups showed a reduction in ING and RP adipose depots when compared to the HF group, but only HF+FO/E in the EPI depot. HF+FO/E, but not HF+FO/D, was able to prevent the changes triggered by obesity in TNF-α, Il-10, and resistin secretion in ING and RP depots. These results strongly suggest that different EPA:DHA ratios have different impacts on the adipose tissue metabolism, FO being rich in EPA, but not in DHA, and effective in reversing the changes induced by obesity.