RESUMEN
Fatigue deteriorates the performance of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system; thus, reliable detection of fatigue is the first step to counter this problem. The fatigue evaluated by means of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals has been studied in many research projects, but widely different results have been reported. Moreover, there is scant research when considering the fatigue on steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI. Therefore, nowadays, fatigue detection is not a completely solved topic. In the current work, the issues found in the literature that led to the differences in the results are identified and saved by performing a new experiment on an SSVEP-based BCI system. The experiment was long enough to produce fatigue in the users, and different SSVEP stimulation ranges were used. Additionally, the EEG features commonly reported in the literature (EEG rhythms powers, SNR, etc.) were calculated as well as newly proposed features (spectral features and Lempel-Ziv complexity). The analysis was carried out on O1, Oz and O2 channels. This work found a tendency of displacement from high-frequency rhythms to low-frequency ones, and thus, better EEG features should present a similar behaviour. Then, the 'relative power' of EEG rhythms, the rates (θ + α)/ß, α/ß and θ/ß, some spectral features (central and mean frequencies, asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients, etc.) and Lempel-Ziv complexity are proposed as reliable EEG features for fatigue detection. Hence, this set of features may be used to construct a more trustworthy fatigue index.
Asunto(s)
Astenopía , Interfaces Cerebro-Computador , Humanos , Potenciales Evocados Visuales , Estimulación Luminosa , Potenciales Evocados , Electroencefalografía/métodos , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups. METHODS: A search was conducted in the following the databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science until February 13, 2023. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of CVS in any population. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVS was done using a random-effects model, assessing the sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants were included. The prevalence of CVS was 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3 to 75.3; I2: 99.7%), ranging from 12.1 to 97.3% across studies. Point prevalence was higher in women than in men (71.4 vs. 61.8%), university students (76.1%), Africa (71.2%), Asia (69.9%), contact lens wearers (73.1% vs. 63.8%) in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.8%), and in those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire (75.4%). In meta-regression, using the CVS-Q scale was associated with a lower prevalence of CVS. CONCLUSION: Seven out of ten people suffer from CVS. Preventive strategies and interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of this condition which can affect productivity and quality of life. Future studies should standardize a definition of CVS.
Asunto(s)
Pandemias , Calidad de Vida , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Computadores , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Síndrome , AstenopíaRESUMEN
Introducción: El uso excesivo de las redes sociales ha generado diversas secuelas en la salud mental y visual-ocular, dando lugar al Síndrome Visual Informático (SVI) por sobreexposición a las pantallas. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del uso de las redes sociales en el síndrome visual informático en adolescentes en una realidad peruana. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, hipotético-deductivo, transaccional, correlacional-causal, con una muestra de 126 adolescentes. Para recabar información acerca del uso de las redes sociales, se utilizó el ARS de Escurra y Salas. Para verificar la prevalencia del SVI, se empleó el Cuestionario de Síndrome Visual Informático de Seguí y colaboradores; ambos instrumentos fueron adaptados a formato Google Forms para su aplicación en línea. Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el tiempo de permanencia en las redes sociales (RS) y el SVI (p=0,027<0,05); además, se evidenció el impacto significativo de la Adicción a las Redes Sociales (ARS) sobre el SVI (p=0,000<0.01), los síntomas visuales (p=0,000<0.01), oculares (p=0,000<0.01) y astenópicos (p=0,003<0.01). Conclusiones: El estudio demuestra una clara conexión entre el uso excesivo de redes sociales y el SVI en adolescentes peruanos, subrayando la necesidad de una acción conjunta de padres y educadores para mitigar los riesgos y promover un uso digital saludable(AU)
Introduction: The excessive use of social media has generated various sequelae on mental and visual-ocular health, leading to Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) due to screen overexposure. Objective: To analyze the influence of social media use on computer vision syndrome in adolescents in a Peruvian context. Methods: A quantitative, hypothetical-deductive, transactional, correlational-causal study was conducted with a sample of 126 adolescents. To gather information about social media use, the ARS by Escurra and Salas was used. To verify the prevalence of CVS, the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire by Seguí and collaborators was employed; both instruments were adapted to Google Forms format for online application. Results: A significant association was found between the time spent on social media (SM) and CVS (p=0.027<0.05); additionally, a significant impact of Social Media Addiction (SMA) on CVS (p=0.000<0.01), visual symptoms (p=0.000<0.01), ocular symptoms (p=0.000<0.01), and asthenopic symptoms (p=0.003<0.01) was evidenced. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a clear connection between excessive use of social media and CVS in Peruvian adolescents, highlighting the need for joint action by parents and educators to mitigate risks and promote healthy digital use(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Síndrome , Astenopía/epidemiología , Red Social , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Habilidades de Afrontamiento , Perú , Salud Mental , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/etiologíaRESUMEN
Objective: To identify health education interventions that have demonstrated improvements in the visual and ocular health of computer-using workers with Computer Vision Syndrome. Method: Bibliographic review of original articles in Spanish and English, published between 2017 and June 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE (EBSCO), Redalyc, and Ovid databases. Results: Out of 1,695 articles, 11 complied with the protocol. Of these, 90.90% were published from 2020 to June 2022 and India had the highest number of publications (27.27%). Most of the studies were experimental or quasi-experimental (36.36%), and for the qualitative synthesis they were classified in educational interventions with technology 54.54% (n=6) and those that handled traditional education 45.45% (n=5). Conclusion: Health education interventions were shown to contribute to the improvement of visual and ocular health of computer users with Computer Vision Syndrome. It is necessary to investigate and divulge results about the topic, which contribute to the processes of promotion of visual and ocular health, as well as in the prevention of Computer Vision Syndrome in the workplace
Objetivo: Identificar intervenciones de educación para la salud que hayan demostrado me-joras en la salud visual y ocular de trabajadores usuarios de computadoras con Síndrome de Visión por Computador. Método: Revisión bibliográfica de artículos originales en español e inglés, publicados entre 2017 y junio de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE (EBSCO), Redalyc y Ovid. Resultados: De 1.695 artículos, 11 cumplieron con el protocolo. De estos, el 90,90% se publicaron desde 2020 hasta junio de 2022 y la India tuvo el mayor número de publicaciones (27,27%). La mayoría de los estudios fueron experimentales o cuasi-experimentales (36,36%), y para la síntesis cualitativa se clasificaron en intervenciones educativas con tecnología 54,54% (n=6) y las que manejaban educación tradicional 45,45% (n=5). Conclusión: Se demostró que las intervenciones de educación en salud contribuyen a la mejora de la salud visual y ocular de los usuarios de computadora con Síndrome de Visión por Computador. Es necesario investigar y divulgar resultados sobre el tema, que contribuyan a los procesos de promoción de la salud visual y ocular, así como en la prevención del Síndrome de Visión por Computador en el ámbito laboral
Objetivo: Identificar intervenções de educação em saúde que demonstraram melhorias na saúde visual e ocular de trabalhadores usuários de computador com Síndrome de Visão de Computa-dor. Método: Revisão bibliográfica de artigos originais em espanhol e inglês, publicados entre 2017 e junho de 2022 nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE (EBSCO), Redalyc e Ovid. Resultados: Dos 1.695 artigos, 11 estavam de acordo com o protocolo. Destes, 90,90% foram publicados de 2020 a junho de 2022 e a Índia apresentou o maior número de publicações (27,27%). A maioria dos estudos foi experimental ou quase-experimental (36,36%), e para a síntese qualitativa foram classificados em intervenções educativas com tecnologia 54,54% (n=6) e aquelas que tratavam da educação tradicional 45,45% (n=5). Conclusão: As intervenções de educação em saúde demonstraram contribuir para a melhoria da saúde visual e ocular de usuários de computador com Síndrome de Visão de Computador. É preciso investigar e divulgar resulta-dos sobre o tema, que contribuam nos processos de promoção da saúde visual e ocular, bem como na prevenção da Síndrome da Visão do Computador no ambiente de trabalho
Asunto(s)
Educación en Salud , Astenopía , Salud Pública , Salud Laboral , RevisiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Social distancing was implemented worldwide due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This impacted physical activity levels and increased the time spent in sedentary behaviors which may contributed to the emergence of increased musculoskeletal complaints. OBJECTIVE: To assess the consequences of social distancing for the increase in perceived pain of students and professors from higher education institutions. METHODS: One thousand two hundred and fifty-four participants responded to an online survey containing sociodemographic information and questions related to daily habits, physical activity profile, and musculoskeletal pain before and during the pandemic. Levels of concentration, nervousness, productivity, and visual fatigue were also assessed. The primary outcome was presence of perceived pain before and during the pandemic, dichotomized between those with and without increased pain during the pandemic. RESULTS: Perceived pain increased during the pandemic (pâ<â0.001) and was associated with females (pâ=â0.023; PRâ=â1.16; 95% CIâ=â1.02-1.32), income up to one minimum wage (pâ=â0.039; PRâ=â1.20; 95% CIâ=â1.01-1.42), no physical activity practice (pâ=â0.006; PRâ=â1.22; 95% CIâ=â1.06-1.40), long time in sedentary behavior (pâ=â0.013; PRâ=â3.07; 95% CIâ=â1.27-7.43), and electronic device usage forâ>â6 hours (pâ=â0.041; PRâ=â1.44; 95% CIâ=â1.02-2.06). Nervousness (pâ=â0.001) and visual fatigue (pâ=â0.001) increased, whereas concentration (pâ=â0.001) and productivity (pâ=â0.001) reduced during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced physical activity practice and increased time in sedentary behavior and electronic device usage during the pandemic were associated with increased musculoskeletal pain in students and professors from higher education institutions. Decreased concentration and productivity and increased nervousness and visual fatigue were also observed during the pandemic.
Asunto(s)
Astenopía , COVID-19 , Dolor Musculoesquelético , Femenino , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Pandemias , Estudios Transversales , Distanciamiento Físico , Dolor Musculoesquelético/epidemiología , Estudiantes , Percepción del DolorRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate blue-violet light filter and additional power of +0.40 D in the near zone ophthalmic lenses, on convergence, accommodative functions, and symptoms of digital asthenopia (DA). Methods Randomized study in cross-over design conducted on 49 volunteers (age, 29 ± 5.5 years; male: female, 18:31). Each subject wore test (+0.40 D in the near zone) and control lenses (regular single vision) for 4 weeks in randomized order. Both lenses had a selective blue-violet light filter. A baseline measurement was taken with the subjects' current updated glasses. Accommodation amplitude (AA) and near point of convergence (NPC) were measured binocularly with the RAF ruler. DA was evaluated by a questionnaire. Results No significant difference (p=.52) was found for AA comparing baseline (11.50±1.88 D), test (11.61± 1.62 D), and control SV lenses (11.88±1.50 D). No significant difference was found for NPC (p=.94), between baseline (6.50 ± 2.89cm), test (6.71± 3.49) and control SV lenses (6.82± 3.50 cm). No significant difference was found comparing test and control SV lenses in symptoms of DA (p=0.20). Conclusions The +0.40 D lenses have no negative impact on convergence or loss of accommodation power. The +0.40 D and control SV lenses had a similar impact on attenuating symptoms of DA.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do uso de lentes oftálmicas com filtro seletivo de luz azul-violeta, sem e com poder adicional de + 0,4D na zona de perto nas funções de acomodação e convergência e para sintomas de astenopia digital (AD). Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e mascarado, com 49 voluntários (idade, 29 ± 5,5 anos; masculino: feminino, 18: 31). Cada participante usou lentes de teste (+0,40 D na zona de perto) e controle (visão simples), por 4 semanas de forma randomizada. Ambas as lentes tinham filtro seletivo de luz azul-violeta. A medição inicial (baseline) foi feita com os óculos atualizados de cada participante. A amplitude de acomodação (AA) e o ponto de convergência próximo (PPC) foram medidos binocularmente com a régua RAF. A AD foi avaliada por um questionário. Resultados Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,52) para as medidas de AA comparando as lentes baseline (11,50±1,88 D), teste (11,61±1,62 D) e controle VS (11,88±1,50 D). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para a medida do PPC (p=0,94), entre as lentes baseline (6,50 ± 2,89cm), teste (6,71±3,49) e controle VS (6,82±3,50 cm). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada comparando lentes teste de VS e controle nos sintomas de AD (p=0,20). Conclusões As lentes com +0,40 D não têm impacto negativo na convergência ou na perda de acomodação. As lentes +0,40 D e controle VS, tiveram impacto semelhante na redução dos sintomas de AD.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Iluminación/efectos adversos , Computadores , Astenopía/prevención & control , Anteojos , Filtración/instrumentación , Luz/efectos adversos , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/prevención & control , Distribución Aleatoria , Astenopía/etiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Computadoras de Mano , Teléfono Inteligente , Acomodación Ocular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar sintomas astenópicos e fatores sociodemográficos, hábitos comportamentais e clínicos nos docentes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal que avaliou a ocorrência de astenopia em 104 docentes. Questionários de sintomatologia visual validados foram adaptados para a coleta de dados. Houve comparação dos docentes quanto à ocorrência ou não de sintomas astenópicos, bem como foi aplicada regressão logística binária, para aferir a associação com variáveis independentes (p<0,05). Resultados: Houve maior aparecimento de sintomas astenópicos durante o período pandêmico, em que o tempo de exposição a telas parece ter sido o fator mais determinante. Além disso, os indivíduos com tempo de tela superior a 5 horas diárias, que faziam uso de telas para o lazer e usavam colírio/lubrificantes apresentaram significativamente maior chance de estar no grupo com sintomas astenópicos. Conclusão: Foi identificada associação significativa entre a ocorrência de sintomas astenópicos e o uso de telas durante o período pandêmico, principalmente nos grupos com maior duração do tempo de tela. O estudo chama atenção para a saúde ocular de docentes universitários em ensino remoto, além de suscitar novos estudos para investigação desse quadro em distintos ambientes escolares.
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess asthenopic symptoms and sociodemographic factors, behavioral and clinical aspects in college lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating asthenopia in 104 lecturers. Some validated visual symptom questionnaires were adapted for data collection. Lecturers were compared regarding the occurrence or not of asthenopic symptoms, and binary logistic regression was applied to measure the association with independent variables (p<0.05). Results: Asthenopic symptoms occurred more often during the pandemic, when exposure to screens was a determinant factor. The individuals with screen time longer than five hours a day, who used screens for leisure, and who used eye drops/lubricants were significantly more likely to be in the group with asthenopic symptoms. Conclusion: A significant association was identified in occurrence of asthenopic symptoms and screen use during the pandemic period, especially in groups with longer screen time. The study draws attention to the eye health of college lecturers in distance learning, and the need for further research on this situation in different school environments.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Astenopía/epidemiología , Educación a Distancia/métodos , Docentes , Universidades , Computadores , Xeroftalmia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios Retrospectivos , Internet , Diplopía/epidemiología , Manifestaciones Oculares , Pandemias , Estrés Laboral , COVID-19RESUMEN
La lucha epidemiológica contra la pandemia COVID-19 ha incluido medidas sociales como el confinamiento y el cierre de actividades laborales y académicas. A consecuencia, tareas que se llevaban a cabo en el contexto presencial debieron ser ejecutadas desde los hogares, adoptando estrategias como el teletrabajo y la educación virtual, haciendo necesario el uso de herramientas como ordenadores y laptops. De allí que las personas han incrementado la exposición a las pantallas de dispositivos electrónicos, como son computadoras y laptops, trayendo como consecuencia afectaciones en la salud visual de las personas tales como el síndrome visual informático (SVI). Se realizó un estudio transversal con el objetivo de determinar la afectación por SVI en la población peruana y su relación con la exposición prolongada a DEV, generada a raíz de las medidas sociales de enfrentamiento a la pandemia de COVID-19. El tiempo promedio en que los sujetos de nuestro estudio usaron DEV dentro de los hogares se acrecentó un 120%, es decir 4,26±2,36 horas diarias adicionales al comparar con el año anterior a la pandemia COVID-19. La adopción masiva de actividades como el teletrabajo y la educación virtual podrían explicar el hecho que los grupos de empleados/patronos y estudiantes fueron los mayores usuarios de DEV, con 10,41 y 9,32 horas diarias. De acuerdo a los hallazgos obtenidos, es estadísticamente válido afirmar que las medidas sociales para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19 indujeron al aumento en la prevalencia de SVI en los pobladores peruanos (p<0,001). En la actual investigación, la proporción de individuos que manifestaron SVI pasó de 38 a 64%, antes y durante la aplicación de las medidas, respectivamente(AU)
The epidemiological fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has included social measures such as confinement and the closure of work and academic activities. As a consequence, tasks that were carried out in the face-to-face context had to be carried out from homes, adopting strategies such as teleworking and virtual education, requiring the use of tools such as computers and laptops. Hence, people have increased exposure to the screens of electronic devices, such as computers and laptops, resulting in effects on people's visual health such as computer vision syndrome (SVI). A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the affectation by SVI in the Peruvian population and its relationship with prolonged exposure to DEV, generated as a result of social measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The average time in which the subjects in our study used DEV within homes increased by 120%, that is, 4.26 ± 2.36 additional daily hours when compared to the year before the COVID-19 pandemic. The massive adoption of activities such as teleworking and virtual education could explain the fact that groups of employees / employers and students were the largest users of DEV, with 10.41 and 9.32 hours per day. According to the findings obtained, it is statistically valid to affirm that the social measures to face the COVID-19 pandemic induced an increase in the prevalence of SVI in the Peruvian population (p <0.001). In the current investigation, the proportion of individuals who manifested SVI went from 38 to 64%, before and during the application of the measures, respectively(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Disparidad Visual , Astenopía , Educación a Distancia , Teletrabajo , COVID-19/prevención & control , Perú , Síndrome , Computadores , Salud Ocular , Estudios Transversales , Estrategias de Salud , MiopíaRESUMEN
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la literatura existente sobre el SVI y sus afectaciones a las personas producto por alta exposición a equipos electrónicos generados por la pandemia del COVID-19 El tipo de investigación es revisión de literatura, de diseño bibliográfico o documental; el método de investigación empleado fue el de revisión de literatura. La población estuvo constituida por 35 artículos y la muestra de 19 artículos en diversos idiomas, seleccionados de manera intencional de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos; las técnicas e instrumentos empleados para el recojo de información fueron el análisis documental, y el fichaje y la computadora respectivamente. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que el SVI tiene gran prevalencia en personas que tienen gran periodo de exposición a pantallas de dispositivos electrónicos, asimismo, vinculados a fallas en las condiciones ergonómicas en sus estaciones de trabajo o estudio. Se concluye, el promedio de prevalencia del SVI en los artículos revisados es de 73.2%, siendo el máximo 98.7% y el mínimo 50%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres; respecto a los síntomas más frecuente que se presentan se tienen: dolor en ojos, cansancio visual o visión borrosa, picazón, sequedad en los ojos, sensación de empeoramiento de la vista, lagrimeo y párpados pesados(AU)
The objective of this article is to analyze the existing literature on IVS and its effects on people as a result of high exposure to electronic equipment generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research is literature review, bibliographic or documentary design; the research method used was the literature review. The population consisted of 35 articles and the sample of 19 articles in various languages, intentionally selected according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria; the techniques and instruments used for the collection of information were the documentary analysis, and the signing and the computer respectively. Among the main results is that SVI has a high prevalence in people who have a long period of exposure to electronic device screens, also linked to failures in ergonomic conditions in their workstations or study. It is concluded that the average prevalence of SVI in the reviewed articles is 73.2%, the maximum being 98.7% and the minimum 50%, being more frequent in women; Regarding the most frequent symptoms that appear, there are: pain in the eyes, visual fatigue or blurred vision, itching, dry eyes, sensation of worsening of sight, tearing and heavy eyelids(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Astenopía , Oftalmopatías/etiología , Tiempo de Pantalla , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , COVID-19 , ErgonomíaRESUMEN
Los ojos son el foco principal de la cara y se les atribuye la expresión de la personalidad del individuo. La configuración anatómica de los párpados y de la región periorbitaria conforma una de las áreas más importantes de la expresión humana. Existen alteraciones aparentemente estéticas que llevan a trastornos visuales, como la dermatocalasis y blefarochalasis, que limitan el campo visual o provocar fatiga ocular por la presión de la piel redundante sobre los párpados, la laxitud de los tendones cantales origina un síndrome de exposición escleral y a la vez lagrimeo. La blefaroplastia produce resultados clínicos y estéticos favorables en los pacientes aquejados por esta patología.
The eyes are the main focus of the face and the expression of the individual's personality is attributed to them. The anatomical configuration of the eyelids and the periorbital region constitutes one of the most important areas of human expression. There are apparently aesthetic alterations that lead to visual disorders, such as dermatochalasis and blepharochalasis, which can limit the visual field or cause eye fatigue due to the redundant pressure of the skin on the eyelashes, the laxity of the canthal tendons causes a scleral exposure syndrome and at the same time tearing. Blepharoplasty produces favorable clinical and aesthetic results in patients suffering from dermatochalasis.
Asunto(s)
Astenopía , Blefaroplastia , Estrés Psicológico , Síndrome , Trastornos de la Visión , FatigaRESUMEN
RESUMO A função de controlador aéreo exige várias horas de visualização de ecrãs, o que torna esses profissionais um grupo particularmente exposto à astenopia digital. Procuramos, com este artigo de revisão, compreender quais os métodos quantitativos e qualitativos usados atualmente para diagnosticar e avaliar a fadiga ocular em controladores de tráfego aéreo. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando as bases de dados PubMed® e ClinicalKey®, usando palavras-chave, tendo sido selecionados artigos de revisão e estudos observacionais com publicação posterior ao ano 2000, de modo que os termos buscados estivessem no título e/ou resumo do trabalho. Excluímos artigos em línguas que não inglesa. Existem vários métodos para melhor caracterizar a astenopia digital, destacando-se os subjetivos, como questionários, e os objetivos, que procuram, por um lado, diagnosticar o olho seco, bem como alterações da acomodação e da convergência. Da análise efetuada, ressaltou-se uma escassez de estudos prospectivos com Níveis de Evidência moderados e altos relacionados com a aplicação dos vários métodos de diagnóstico. A Computer-Vision Symptom Scale parece ser um questionário confiável e que pode ser aplicado aos controladores de tráfego aéreo, para diagnóstico de astenopia digital. Vários métodos objetivos podem também ser utilizados para essa avaliação, sendo importante, numa fase posterior, aplicar esses dois tipos de métodos de diagnóstico para avaliar a prevalência dessa patologia em controladores de tráfego aéreo.
ABSTRACT The work of air traffic control specialists require several hours looking at screens, and they comprise a group particularly exposed to digital-related eye strain. In this review we aim to understand the quantitative and qualitative methods currently used to diagnose and evaluate asthenopia in air traffic control specialists. A bibliographic search was carried out at the databases PubMed® and ClinicalKey®, using keywords, and selecting review articles and observational studies, dated after 2000, containing the keywords in the title and/o abstract. Articles not published in English were excluded. There are several subjective and objective methods to better describe digital-related eye strain, including questionnaires, aiming to make diagnosis of dry eye disease or changes in accommodation and convergence. From our analysis, there are few prospective studies with moderate and high levels of evidence regarding these diagnostic methods. The Computer-Vision Symptom Scale seems to be a reliable questionnaire to be applied to air traffic control specialists, for diagnosis of digital-related eye strain. Several objective methods can also be employed in this evaluation, and, in a later stage, it will be important to apply both diagnostic methods to evaluate the prevalence of this condition in air traffic control specialists.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Astenopía/diagnóstico , Terminales de Computador , Aeropuertos , Enfermedades Profesionales , Portugal , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Estudio ObservacionalRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: Compared to standard spectacle lenses, do +0.40 EyeZenTM lenses reduce symptoms of asthenopia induced by computer? Methods: A prospective clinical study was carried out with 39 volunteers who spent more than 4 hours a day using a computer (age, 27.31±4.24; male: female =13:26). Asthenopia and visual comfort were assessed using a questionnaires. All participants completed the asthenopia questionnaire with updated regular lenses (baseline). After 4 weeks of +0.40 Eyezen™ lenses wearing all subjects answered the asthenopia questionnaire and a second questionnaire to establish their level of satisfaction with these lenses. Statistical analysis was performed usind the Shapiro-Wilk test and Wilcoxon test, and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Compared to standard spectacle lenses (baseline), +0.40 EyeZenTM lenses wearing reduced the total asthenopia score from17.44 ± 5.51 to 13.18 ± 10.22 (p < 0.001). Regarding the perception of the visual comfort levels with these lenses in the management of digital devices, more than 90% of subjects said they were entirely or delighted with their visual comfort.. Conclusions: Digital asthenopia induced by computer was significantly reduced by +0.40 EyeZen lenses wearing.
Resumo Objetivo: Comparadas com lentes oftálmicas regulares, as lentes de visão simples com +0,40D de poder adicicional de perto reduzem os sintomas de astenopia induzida por computador? Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo clínico prospectivo com 39 voluntários que passavam mais de 4h diárias utilizando computador (idade: 27,31±4,24 anos; masculino:feminino = 26:13). A astenopia e a percepção do conforto visual foram avaliadas com questionários. Todos os participantes respoderam ao questionário de astenopia com lentes regulares atualizadas (baseline). Após 4 semanas de uso das lentes +0.40 Eyezen™ os participantes responderam aos questionários de astenopia e de conforto visual. A análise estatística foi feita com os testes de Shapiro-Wilk e Wilcoxon. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatísticamente significantes. Resultados: Comparadas com lentes oftálmicas regulares (baseline), o uso das lentes de visão simples com +0,40D de poder adicional de perto reduziu o escore total de astenopia de 17,44 ± 5,51 para 13,18± 10,22 (p< 0,001). Mais de 90% dos participantes se declaram completamente ou muito satisfeitos com o conforto visual percebido no uso de dispositivos digitais. Conclusão: A astenopia induzida por computadores foi significativamente reduzida pelo uso das lentes +0,40 Eyezen™ combinadas Crizal® Sapphire™.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Computadores , Astenopía , Lentes , Enfermedades Profesionales , Medicina del Trabajo , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Workers in the dry-cleaning industry are exposed to organic solvents that may cause eye irritation and tear film changes. Objective To quantify changes in the ocular surface and tear film in dry cleaners exposed to organic solvents and associate these changes with ocular irritation as reported in a symptom questionnaire for dry eye diagnosis. Methods This was a case and control study in which the characteristics and eye-irritation symptoms were compared between two groups of 62 participants that were either exposed or not exposed to organic solvents. A general optometric examination and the following test were performed: lipid interferometry, Lissamine Green Stain, tear breakup time, Schirmer I, conjunctival impression cytology and the Donate dry eye symptoms questionnaire. Results Sixty-five percent of exposed workers obtained a higher score than 13 on the Donate dry eye symptoms questionnaire which indicated the presence of more irritation symptoms than those in the non- exposed group. A Chi-square analysis indicated the exposed group reported significantly higher incidences (P <0.005) for eye irritation symptoms of sandy sensation; tearing eyes sensation; foreign body sensation; tearing; dry eye; dryness; eyestrain and heavy eyelids. A Mann Whitney-U indicated greater severity only for symptoms relating to dry eye; sandy sensation; foreign body sensation, tearing; tearing eyes and dryness. There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) for Schirmer I; tear break up time; and the ocular surface assessed with Lissamine green staining and conjunctival impression cytology between groups. A reduction in the thickness of the lipid layer in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group was observed. Surprisingly, clinical test outcomes were not significantly correlated with dry eye symptoms nor years of exposure. Conclusion Workers in the dry-cleaning industry exposed to organic solvents are associated with changes in ocular surface and tear film generating irritation symptoms commonly present in evaporative dry eye.
Asunto(s)
Conjuntiva/efectos de los fármacos , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Compuestos Orgánicos/toxicidad , Solventes/química , Lágrimas/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Astenopía/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Conjuntiva/patología , Conjuntiva/fisiología , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Párpados/efectos de los fármacos , Párpados/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Lavandería , Lípidos/química , Masculino , Exposición Profesional , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Lágrimas/química , Lágrimas/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of asthenic symptoms in students of higher education and to assess their influence on academic performance and learning. Methods: Descriptive research with cross-sectional design through the application of the College of Optometrists Questionnaire in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVDL-QoL), in its cross-cultural and linguistic adaptation to the Portuguese language, to the students of a private college in the city of Montes Claros. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 132 university students. There was no significant discrepancy in the prevalence of asthenopia between genders and age. Symptoms of headache, poor memory and loss of objects predominated in women, while sleepiness during reading and poor management of time were predominant in males. Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of asthenic symptoms among university students and positive associations with sex and time of use of electronic equipment was identified.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de sintomas astenópicos em estudantes do ensino superior e avaliar a sua influência no desempenho acadêmico e no aprendizado. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva com delineamento transversal por meio da aplicação do Questionário College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVDL-QoL), em sua adaptação transcultural e linguística para a língua portuguesa, aos alunos de uma faculdade particular da cidade de Montes Claros. Resultados: O questionário foi respondido por 132 universitários. Não houve discrepância significativa na prevalência de astenopia entre os sexos e a idade. Os sintomas de dor de cabeça, memória fraca e perda de objetos predominaram nas mulheres, enquanto a sonolência durante a leitura e o mau gerenciamento do tempo foram predominantes no sexo masculino. Conclusão: Foi identificada alta taxa de prevalência de sintomas astenópicos entre os universitários e associações positivas com sexo e tempo de utilização de equipamentos eletrônicos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudiantes , Universidades , Astenopía/epidemiología , Rendimiento Académico , Aprendizaje , Calidad de Vida , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
AIM: To determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and ergonomic practices among students in the Faculty of Medical Sciences at The University of the West Indies (UWI), Jamaica. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Four hundred and nine students participated; 78% were females. The mean age was 21.6 years. Neck pain (75.1%), eye strain (67%), shoulder pain (65.5%) and eye burn (61.9%) were the most common CVS symptoms. Dry eyes (26.2%), double vision (28.9%) and blurred vision (51.6%) were the least commonly experienced symptoms. Eye burning (P = .001), eye strain (P = .041) and neck pain (P = .023) were significantly related to level of viewing. Moderate eye burning (55.1%) and double vision (56%) occurred in those who used handheld devices (P = .001 and .007, respectively). Moderate blurred vision was reported in 52% who looked down at the device compared with 14.8% who held it at an angle. Severe eye strain occurred in 63% of those who looked down at a device compared with 21% who kept the device at eye level. Shoulder pain was not related to pattern of use. CONCLUSION: Ocular symptoms and neck pain were less likely if the device was held just below eye level. There is a high prevalence of Symptoms of CVS amongst university students which could be reduced, in particular neck pain and eye strain and burning, with improved ergonomic practices.
Asunto(s)
Astenopía/etiología , Computadores , Diplopía/etiología , Ergonomía , Dolor de Cuello/etiología , Dolor de Hombro/etiología , Estudiantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Astenopía/diagnóstico , Astenopía/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Diplopía/diagnóstico , Diplopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Dolor de Cuello/diagnóstico , Dolor de Cuello/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Dolor de Hombro/diagnóstico , Dolor de Hombro/epidemiología , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Síndrome , Universidades , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objetivo:La presente investigación fue realizada en el Tránsito Departamental del Atlántico, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los trabajadores del área administrativa durante el periodo febrero-abril de 2017.Metodología:estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, enmarcado dentro del paradigma positivista. La muestra fue conformada por 42 empleados. Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory, con una consistencia interna de 0,7948, y un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de percepción del estrés. El análisis consistió principalmente en determinar la prevalencia del síndrome y las asociaciones entre las variables de estudio y las subescalas del test.Resultados:La prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout fue del 17 %, 29% en alto riesgo, 31% de la muestra en mediano riesgo y 24% en riesgo bajo, asimismo una baja realización personal. Se encontró una relación estadística significativa entre la subescala cansancio emocional y las variables sexo, condición del puesto de trabajo, agotamiento físico y estrés; asimismo, entre la despersonalización y las variables sexo y carga laboral; y, entre la realización personal y el estrés.Conclusión:Se requiere tomar medidas urgentes para erradicar los 7 casos detectados y evitar que la población en alto y mediano riesgo llegue a presentar el síndrome
Objective:this study was done in the Transito Departamental del Atlantico, in order to determine the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among employees in the administrative area during the period between February and April 2017. Methodology:descriptive and cross -sectional study, framed withinthe positivist paradigm. The sample was made up of 42 employees. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied, with an internal consistency of 0,7948, and a sociodemographic characterization and stress perception questionnaire. The analysis consisted mainly of determining the prevalence of the syndrome and the associations between the study variables and the subscales of the test.Results:The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 17%, 29% at high risk and 31% of the sample at medium risk and 24% in low risk, aswell as low personal performance. A significant statistical relationship was found between the emotional exhaustion subscale and the variables gender, job status, physical exhaustion and stress; Likewise, between depersonalization and the variables genderand workload; And between personal fulfillment and stress. Conclusion: it is necessary to take urgent measures to eradicate the cases detected and prevent the population at high and medium risk to present the syndrome
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Agotamiento Profesional , AstenopíaRESUMEN
Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de desconforto visual e insuficiência de convergência (IC) em docentes universitários. Métodos: Tratar-se de um estudo transversal, com 60 docentes de ambos os sexos, tendo sido utilizado o questionário Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey, validado para a população brasileira. Resultados: Dos docentes entrevistados 55,0% eram do sexo feminino. 48,3% responderam dedicar menos que duas horas por dia à leitura, sendo que 40,0% dos entrevistados disseram que fazem pausas de 30 minutos à uma hora durante a leitura e 63,3% afirmaram passar entre 2 a 5 horas por dia em frente ao computador. Em relação à investigação sobre as doenças do sistema visual, 25,0% relataram apresentar miopia, sendo que 55,0% dos indivíduos usam óculos e destes 41,7% o usam com frequência. Quanto à investigação da prevalência de insuficiência de convergência, obteve-se frequência de (1,8) %. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados se apresentou com desconforto visual e uma pequena porcentagem foram acometidos pela IC.
Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence of visual discomfort and convergence failure in professors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done, consisting of 60 teachers of both sexes, of the Centro Universitário FAG, which used the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey, validated for the Brazilian population. Results: Of those surveyed 55.0% are female. 48.3% respondents spend less than two hours a day reading, with 40.0% of respondents said they do 30-minute breaks for one hour during reading and 63.3% said they spend between 2-5 hours a day in front of the computer. With regard to research on diseases of the visual system, 25.0% reported having myopia, with 55.0% of individuals use these glasses and 41.7% use it frequently. The research of the prevalence of convergence insufficiency, gave an average of 12.4(1.8) %. Conclusion: It was found that most respondents presented with visual discomfort and small percentages were affected by CI.