RESUMEN
Cosmocercoides meridionalis n. sp. is described from the large and small intestines of 5 species of tree frogs belonging to the families Hylidae and Phyllomedusidae collected from 2 localities in Southern Amazonia. The new species is allocated to the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930, due to the presence of papillae in rosettes, which are complex caudal papillae surrounded by punctuations. Cosmocercoides meridionalis n. sp. differs from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: the absence of the gubernaculum, the total length of the female (twice the size of the male), and the presence of 26 rosette papillae with a unique arrangement and distribution pattern: 11 pre-cloacal pairs, 1 ad-cloacal pair, and 1 post-cloacal pair. This is the first species of the genus described from the Amazonia region.
Asunto(s)
Anuros/parasitología , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Intestinos/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/aislamiento & purificación , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Brasil , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de RastreoRESUMEN
Spectatus spectatus Travassos, 1923 (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) found in the intestine of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the River Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is redescribed based on morphological evaluation of newly collected material and examination of type and voucher specimens from the Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. The following characteristics previously unreported or insufficiently described were observed: morphology of lips, presence of lamellae-like supplementary lips, presence of pharynx and cuticular ring surrounding the oral opening associated with a complex cuticular apparatus anterior to the pharynx, the number and arrangement of caudal papillae (13 pairs plus 1 unpaired), and the position of nerve ring. Since S. spectatus is the type species of Spectatus, the diagnosis of this Neotropical genus is amended. Synonymy of Chabaudinema Díaz-Ungría, 1968 with Spectatus, first proposed in 1980 by Baker, is supported by the present data. Molecular data that include the first sequence of the SSU rDNA for any species of Spectatus indicate a basal position of S. spectatus within Cosmocercoidea, forming a distant lineage from that comprising 2 species of Falcaustra Lane, 1915. This separate position of S. spectatus supports validity of the genus.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Characiformes/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/genética , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil , ADN de Helmintos/química , ADN Ribosómico/química , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Filogenia , RíosRESUMEN
Cucullanus brevicaudatus n. sp. (Cucullanidae) is described from the intestine of Balistes capriscus Gmelin (Balistidae) off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species can be differentiated from its congeners in the small body length, the shape of the gubernaculum, the particular size and morphology of the tail in both males and females, the arrangement of the caudal papillae, the narrow oesophageal base, and the eggs with rugged shells. In addition, the combination of some features, i.e. number of caudal papillae, spicule length, oesophagus/body length ratio, host family and geographical distribution, can help to easily distinguish the new species from other cucullanids. Considering these features, C. brevicaudatus differs from the species assigned to Dichelyne Törnquist, 1931 which exhibit morphological proximity with Cucullanus Müller, 1777. Regarding the life-cycle of cucullanid nematodes, available evidence suggests that some species are primarily heteroxenous using invertebrates (i.e. crustaceans, polychaetes) as intermediate hosts, but in other a histotrophic phase in the definitive host replaces the intermediate host.
Asunto(s)
Ascarídidos/clasificación , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Tetraodontiformes/parasitología , Animales , Brasil , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Intestinos/parasitología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de RastreoRESUMEN
Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) tornquisti n. sp. is described from the intestine of the marine fish Orthopristis ruber (Haemulidae) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species differs from the congeners by the location of the deirids (same level) and the excretory pore (posterior) in relation to esophagus-intestinal junction and by papillae 5 to 9 not forming a subventral line. It is the first Dichelyne species described from fish family Haemulidae in the Brazilian coastal zone.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Perciformes/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/epidemiología , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Agua Dulce , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Agua de MarRESUMEN
Morphological studies of helminths by scanning electron microscopy are generally limited to the external topography of the organisms. In this work, we present a simple technique using ethanol as a cryoprotectant without postfixation in osmium tetroxide that allows for observation of the inner organization of helminths and preserves cellular structures. We tested the technique in three helminths: Echinostoma paraensei, Cruzia tentaculata, and Hassalstrongylus epsilon. The results show that this technique could potentially be applied to study the morphology, ultrastructure, and taxonomy of helminths.
Asunto(s)
Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Echinostoma/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/métodos , Parasitología/métodos , Trichostrongyloidea/ultraestructura , Estructuras Animales/ultraestructura , Animales , Manejo de Especímenes/métodosRESUMEN
Aspidodera kinsellai n. sp. (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae) from the 9-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus , is herein described. This nematode occurs from Costa Rica north through central Mexico where it can be found causing co-infections with Aspidodera sogandaresi . Aspidodera kinsellai n. sp. can be discriminated from this and all other species in the family based on 3 key features, including (1) conspicuous lateral grooves with no lateral alae starting immediately after the hood and terminating at the cloacal/anal region; (2) long hoods in both male (360 µm) and female (401 µm), and (3) a relatively long (152 µm) terminal spine or terminus that gradually tapers to a point from the last pair of papillae. This is the 18th recognized species of the family and the 3rd in the genus present outside of South America. A phylogenetic analysis of the species in the genus with the use of the mitochondrial partial genes cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), the ribosomal large subunit (rrnL), and the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) shows that 2 species of Aspidodera may have entered into North America from the south via 2 independent events.
Asunto(s)
Armadillos/parasitología , Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Filogenia , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/genética , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Costa Rica , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Masculino , México , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , FilogeografíaRESUMEN
Tropidurus oreadicus Rodrigues 1987 is a recently described species, thus there are no reports of helminthes parasites for this species. In this study, a morphological characterisation was performed of a nematode species parasite of the large intestine of T. oreadicus captured in an urban area. This urban area is similar to the estuarine dale from Guamá river and the "igarapés" of Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Morphological analysis suggested that the parasite is a new species of nematode, based mainly on the number and distribution pattern of the caudal papillae in males, which is unique for this species. In the present work, we describe for the first time the structure, number, and disposition of the cervical papillae. The morphological data were supported by scanning electron microscopy, which served as an important tool for distinguishing these nematodes from other species of the genus.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Ascarídidos/aislamiento & purificación , Cordados/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Brasil , Intestino Grueso/parasitología , Masculino , MicroscopíaRESUMEN
Here, we describe a new kathlaniid nematode, Falcaustra sanjuanensis sp. nov., from the large intestine of Odontophrynus cf. barrioi (Anura: Cycloramphidae), from San Juan Province, Argentina. The new species belongs to the Falcaustra group that possesses a pseudosucker. It resembles F. andrias in the distribution pattern of caudal papillae (six precloacal, four adcloacal, 12 postcloacal, one unpaired median anterior to the cloaca) but differs from F. andrias in the following characters: the longer size of males and females (11.17-13.45 mm and 10.1-15.5 mm, respectively); the longer size and form of the gubernaculum (0.17-0.23 mm, triangular form); the arrangement of postcloacal papillae (three pairs on the ventral side, two pairs on the lateral side, one pair on the subventral side) and unpaired papilla anterior to the cloaca located on the protuberance. The species description is based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Falcaustra sanjuanensis sp. nov. represents the 12th Neotropical species assigned to the genus. Also, we added a key to Neotropical species of Falcaustra.
Asunto(s)
Anuros/parasitología , Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Infecciones por Ascaridida/epidemiología , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
Cucullanus mycteropercae n. sp. is described from the intestine of the black grouper, Mycteroperca bonaci Poey, from the northern coast of Yucatán, México. The new species is readily distinguishable from other Cucullanus species because it possesses an ellipsoidal papilla-like structure situated medially on the anterior cloacal lip of males. Other differentiating characters include the variable position of postcloacal pair 8 in males, the subventral position of phasmids, a slightly ventrally hooked posterior end of gubernaculum, and the presence of a large, cylindroconical sclerotized tail end in both sexes. This is the fourth record of a marine cucullanid off the Yucatán Peninsula in México belonging to Cucullanus Müller, 1777.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Lubina/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Confocal/veterinaria , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Cyclobulura superinae n. sp. collected from Zaedyus pichiy and Chaetophractus vellerosus is herein described as the second species in Cyclobulura Quentin, 1977, and the first subulurid in armadillos. The species is unique in the spur-like structures present at the tip of both spicules, yet they conform to the description of Cyclobulura in the structure of the buccal parts. Specimens of the new species show longer chordal lobes and more conspicuous radial lobes and are smaller than specimens of C. lainsoni. In addition, males of C. superinae exhibit a spur-like process in the distal end of the spicules and a shorter tail (170 vs. 300 µm) with no spine. Finally, the eggs of C. superinae are smaller (60-89 × 45-71 vs. 95-100 × 80-85). To our knowledge, the new species is the first subulurid nematode found in an armadillo.
Asunto(s)
Armadillos/parasitología , Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Animales , Argentina , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
Cucullanus ageneiosus n. sp. (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) is described from the intestine of the Ageneiosus ucayalensis , from the Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará, Brazil. The new species is characterized mainly by arrangement of male caudal papillae, and the position of lateral phasmids immediately posterior of 10th papillae, markedly short and unequal spicules, a precloacal sucker, and the presence of an unpaired median papilla just of the anterior cloacal lip.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Bagres/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Brasil , Femenino , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Intestino Delgado/parasitología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Africana dardanelosi n. sp. is described from the intestine of the lizard Hoplocercus spinosus Fitzinger, 1843 collected from southern Amazon, Brazil. Africana dardanelosi is the third species of the genus occurring in the Neotropical realm and is the tenth species assigned to the genus. From other species of Africana from Africa, and especially from the Neotropical species (A. telfordi Bursey and Goldberg, 2002 and A. chabaudi Baker, 1981), A. dardanelosi is easily distinguished by spicule size (2,157-2,403 microm versus 366-458 microm and 644-869 microm, respectively) and by the number of caudal papillae (13 versus 17 and 10, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Lagartos/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Brasil , Femenino , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Intestinos/parasitología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Species of Cruzia are parasites of the large intestine of marsupials, reptiles, amphibians, and mammalians. Cruzia tentaculata specimens were collected from the large intestine of Didelphis marsupialis (Mammalia: Didelphidae) from Colombia (new geographical record) and from Brazil and analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of males and females by light microscopy corroborated most of the previous description and the ultrastructure by scanning electron microscopy evidence: the topography of the cuticle, deirids, amphids, phasmids in both sexes, a pair of papillae near the vulva opening, and the number and location of male caudal papillae, adding new features for species identification only observed by this technique.
Asunto(s)
Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Animales , Ascarídidos/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Colombia , Didelphis/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía , Microscopía Electrónica de RastreoRESUMEN
A new species of nematode, Cucullanus costaricensis n. sp., is described from the Red Sea catfish Bagre pinnimaculatus from Río Tempisque, Costa Rica. The new species is characterized by the following traits: spicules and gubernaculum length (0.48 +/- 0.02 [0.45-0.50] and 0.20 +/- 0.02 [0.18-0.21], respectively); a protruding cloacal region in males, and the arrangement of caudal papillae (1 medial unpaired precloacal papilla and 10 pairs of papillae: 3 precloacals [first pair subventral and anterior to ventral sucker; second and third pairs posterior to ventral sucker; second pair asymmetric and subventral; third pair slightly subventral and closer to cloacal opening], 3 subventral adcloacal pairs [pairs 4-6], and 4 pairs of postcloacal papillae [seventh pair lateral, eighth pair subdorsal, ninth and tenth pairs subventral]); and lateral phasmids between the seventh and eighth pairs of postcloacal papillae. This finding represents the first record for a species of Cucullanus in Central America.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Bagres/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Costa Rica , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Aplectana tucumanensis n. sp., from the large intestine of Amphisbaena bolivica, is described and illustrated. Of the 43 nominal species of Aplectana, A. tucumanensis n. sp. represents the fourth species reported in Amphisbaena spp. These 4 species are separated on the basis of male characters: spicules of Aplectana alba approximately 60 micro in length, Aplectana pusilla and A. tucumanensis approximately 100 micro, Aplectana raillieti greater than 230 micro; papillae pattern of A. pusilla with 3 preanal pairs, 2 adanal pairs, 6 postanal pairs, and 1 median papilla compared to 9 preanal pairs, 1 adanal pair, 6 postanal, and no median papilla for A. tucumanensis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Lagartos/parasitología , Animales , Argentina , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Aplectana adaechevarriae n. sp., from the large intestine of Rhinella granulosa and Rhinella schneideri, is described and illustrated. Of the 43 nominal species of Aplectana, A. adaechevarriae n. sp. represents the 23rd Neotropical species and the third species reported from Argentina. Of the Neotropical species, only 4, Aplectana elenae, Aplectana hylambatis, Aplectana raillieti, and A. adaechevarriae n. sp., have 8 pairs of preanal papillae. Aplectana adaechevarriae lacks a median preanal papilla; the other 3 species possess a median preanal papilla.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Bufonidae/parasitología , Animales , Argentina , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Nematodes of the family Aspidoderidae (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) Freitas 1956 are widely distributed from Americas. The species of the genus Aspidodera Railliet and Henry 1912 are parasites of mammals of the orders Edentata, Marsupialia, and Rodentia. In the present work, Aspidodera raillieti (L. Travassos, Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 5(3):271-318, 1913), collected from the large intestine of Didelphis marsupialis (Mammalia: Didelphidae) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, is redescribed. The association of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed a detailed analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of this nematode. Some taxonomic features, such as cephalic region, topography of the cuticle, sucker, spicules, posterior end of males, localization of vulva, the anus, and posterior end of females were observed. Important structures such as amphid, details of cephalic region, phasmid, and number and localization of caudal papillae are documented by SEM, for the first time adding characters to identify this species. Colombia is a new geographical record for A. raillieti.
Asunto(s)
Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Animales , Ascarídidos/aislamiento & purificación , Colombia , Didelphis/parasitología , Intestino Grueso/parasitología , Microscopía Electrónica de RastreoRESUMEN
Aspidodera sogandaresi n. sp. (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae) from Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 is herein described. This nematode occurs in armadillos from as far south as the canal zone of Panama, north through central Mexico, and into the southern United States. Previously identified as Aspidodera fasciata (Schneider, 1866), this new species has blunt projections on the lips and lateral expansions at the distal tips of the spicules, whereas A. fasciata has conspicuous digitiform projections on the lips, and a terminal round expansion at the tips of the spicules. Other species of the family present in North America include Aspidodera binansata Railliet and Henry, 1913; Aspidodera vazi Proença, 1937; and Lauroia trinidadensis Cameron, 1939.
Asunto(s)
Armadillos/parasitología , Infecciones por Ascaridida/veterinaria , Ascarídidos/clasificación , Animales , Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Ascaridida/parasitología , América Central , Femenino , Intestino Grueso/parasitología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , América del NorteRESUMEN
Pseudanisakis sulamericana n. sp. is described from the intestines of the rays Rioraja agassizii and Psammobatis extenta off the coast of Brazil. It can be readily differentiated from the three existing species of the genus. From P. tricupola Gibson, 1973, it differs in not having cupolas on the lips, having a dentigerous ridge of 90-95 denticles ( vs 65-78) in a continuous subtriangular ring around the mouth, and in having an ejaculatory duct which is shorter than the spicules. From P. rajae (Yamaguti, 1941), it differs in having a single rather than a double row of denticles. It appears most similar to P. baylisi Gibson, 1973, but differs from it in having a smaller body-size (7.5-27 vs 16-46 mm), shorter spicules (1.14-1.90 vs 1.90-3.80 mm) and especially in having much more conspicuous denticles on the lips. The present record confirms the presence of the genus in subtropical waters.
Asunto(s)
Ascarídidos/anatomía & histología , Rajidae/parasitología , Animales , Ascarídidos/ultraestructura , Océano Atlántico , Brasil , Femenino , Intestinos/parasitología , Masculino , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Two new nematode species, Orientatractis campechensis n. sp. and Orientatractis chiapasensis n. sp. (Atractidae, Cosmocercoidea), are described from the intestine of cichlid fishes collected in localities of southeastern Mexico and Nicaragua. These atractid nematodes are characterized by the presence of a cephalic end armed with 4 marked, Y-shaped, well-sclerotized pieces, consisting of 2 "horns" extending outward and downward and immediately below a single-horned structure. Both new species differ from the other 2 species of Orientatractis (Orientatractis leiperi and Orientatractis levanhoai) mainly in the body measurements, presence of a vulvar appendix, lengths of spicules and of the gubernaculum, distribution of caudal papillae, and the number of anterior sclerotized structures. Morphological and biometrical variations were evident among specimens from different hosts and localities, with the larger organisms being collected from Vieja bifasciata and Cichlasoma pearsei. Orientatractis campechensis and O. chiapasensis represent the first 2 species of this genus parasitizing freshwater fishes; the other species have been found in amphibians and reptiles.