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Objetivo: Correlacionar la variable principal sostén del hogar con las variables género, edad, horas de trabajo, horas de sueño y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (índice de masa corporal, hipertensión arterial, dislipemia y diabetes mellitus), en estudiantes de 3º, 4 y 5º año de la Licenciatura en Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Formosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, transversal realizado en 214 estudiantes, durante el año 2022, utilizándose un cuestionario on-line autoadministrado, estructurado y medición de peso y talla. Resultados: el 76% fueron mujeres; 64%, principal fueron principal sostén del hogar, 57% refirió dormir menos de 6 horas al día, 15 % trabaja más de 41 horas semanales; 67% tuvo respuestas no saludables a la variable estrés, para la variable actividad física este valor ascendió a 71% y el 53,8% presentó exceso de peso. Se encontró asociación significativa entre ser el principal sostén del hogar con exceso de peso, trabajar 41 horas o más semanalmente, dormir menos de 6 horas al día y con la presencia de 3 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Las condiciones de vida que afrontan los estudiantes que de manera simultánea estudian, trabajan y son principal sostén del hogar pueden generar estrés, el cual es un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares[AU]

Objetive: to correlate the main variable of primary income earner or primary breadwinner with gender, age, working hours, sleep hours, and cardiovascular disease risk factors (body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) in 3rd, 4th, and 5th-year nursing students at the Nursing Program at the National University of Formosa. Methodology: The study was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, conducted with 214 students during 2022 using a self-administered structured online questionnaire and measurement of weight and height. Results: 76% were women, 64% were the main breadwinner, 57% reported sleeping less than 6 hours a day, 15% working more than 41 hours per week; 67% had unhealthy responses to the stress variable, this value rose to 71% for the physical activity variable, and 53.8% were overweight. A significant association was found between the main variable of primary breadwinner and being overweight, working 41 or more hours weekly, and the presence of 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: The living conditions faced by students who simultaneously study and work, and being the main breadwinner in the household can generate stress, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases[AU]

Objetivo:: correlacionar a variável principal de sustento econômico do lar com as variáveis gênero, idade, horas de trabalho, horas de sono e fatores de risco cardiovascular (índice de massa corporal,hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus) em estudantes do 3º, 4º e 5º ano do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Nacional de Formosa. Metodologia: O estudo foi descritivo, correlacional e transversal, realizado em 214 estudantes durante o ano de 2022. Foi utilizado um questionário online autoadministrado e estruturado, e a medição de peso e altura dos estudantes foi realizada. Resultados: 76% dos estudantes eram mulheres; 64% eram o principal sustento econômico do lar; 57% relataram dormir menos de 6 horas por dia, 15% responderam que trabalham mais de 41 horas por semana; em relação aos fatores de risco cardiovascular, 67% tiveram respostas não saudáveis para a variável estresse, para a variável atividade física esse valor aumentou para 71% e 53,8% apresentaram excesso de peso. Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre a variável principal de sustento econômico do lar com as variáveis excesso de peso, trabalhar 41 horas ou mais por semana, dormir menos de 6 horas al día e a presença de 3 ou mais fatores de risco cardiovascular. Conclusões: As condições de vida enfrentadas pelos estudantes que simultaneamente estudam, trabalham e são o principal sustento do lar podem gerar estresse, que é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares[AU]

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Cryptosporidium spp. es un protozoario productor de diarrea. Los pacientes inmunocomprometidos pueden desarrollar formas clínicas graves y persistentes. Se describen las características de pacientes con enfermedad de base asociada a inmunosupresión (EAI) con infección por Cryptosporidium spp. (IC) atendidos en un hospital pediátrico referencial de Argentina entre los años 2018 y 2023. Se analizaron datos demográficos, EAI, características de la diarrea y coinfecciones. Se incluyeron 30 pacientes con EAI e IC. La mayoría registró trasplante de órgano sólido, neoplasia hematológica e inmunodeficiencia primaria. Dieciocho presentaron diarrea persistente al momento del diagnóstico. Seis pacientes registraron coinfecciones. Se debe considerar la criptosporidiosis en el diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedad diarreica aguda o persistente en niños con distintos tipos de EAI, como el trasplante de órgano sólido, neoplasias hematológicas e inmunodeficiencias primarias.

Cryptosporidium spp. is a diarrhea-causing protozoan. Immunocompromised patients may develop severe and persistent clinical forms. Here we describe the characteristics of patients with an underlying disease associated with immunosuppression (DAI) and Cryptosporidium spp. infection seen at a referral children's hospital in Argentina between 2018 and 2023. Demographic data, DAI, diarrhea characteristics, and co-infections were analyzed. A total of 30 patients with DAI and cryptosporidiosis were included. Most of them had undergone a solid organ transplant, had a hematologic neoplasm, or primary immunodeficiency. Persistent diarrhea was observed in 18 patients at the time of diagnosis. Co-infections were recorded in 6 patients. Cryptosporidiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute or persistent diarrhea in children with different types of DAI, such as solid organ transplant, hematologic neoplasms, and primary immunodeficiencies.

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Introducción. En la adolescencia, se comienzan a tomar decisiones autónomas sobre la salud. En la vacunación intervienen dimensiones contextuales, grupales y relativas a cada vacuna. Se busca conocer el proceso de información, confianza y decisión de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en adolescentes usuarios de un centro de salud en Buenos Aires. Objetivos. Identificar ámbitos y canales a través de los cuales los adolescentes accedieron a información sobre la vacuna contra COVID-19 en un centro de salud de Buenos Aires. Describir sus opiniones respecto a los distintos discursos sobre vacunación. Describir su participación en la vacunación contra COVID-19. Identificar barreras y facilitadores respecto del acceso a la vacunación contra COVID-19 en esta población. Población y métodos. Investigación cualitativa. Se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a adolescentes usuarios del efector. La muestra fue heterogénea; su tamaño se definió por saturación teórica. Se realizó un análisis temático de los datos. Resultados. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas. Los entrevistados recibieron información sobre la vacuna contra COVID-19 de sus familias, la televisión y las redes sociales. Todos recibieron tanto publicidad oficial como discursos reticentes a la vacunación. Analizaron la información recibida y formaron opinión autónoma. Su decisión sobre vacunarse no siempre fue respetada. La desconfianza, la baja percepción del riesgo, el temor a las inyecciones, las barreras administrativas y geográficas fueron motivos de no vacunación. Conclusiones. Se requieren estrategias de comunicación destinadas a adolescentes que promuevan su participación en el acceso a la vacunación.

Introduction. During adolescence, individuals start to make autonomous decisions about their health. Vaccination involves contextual, group, and vaccine-specific dimensions. We sought to know the information, trust, and decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among adolescents who attended a healthcare center in Buenos Aires. Objectives. To identify settings and channels through which adolescents accessed information about the COVID-19 vaccine at a healthcare center in Buenos Aires. To describe their opinions about the different statements on vaccination. To describe their participation in COVID-19 vaccination. To identify barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination in this population. Population and methods. Qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews with adolescents who attended this healthcare facility. The sample was heterogeneous; the sample size was estimated by theoretical saturation. A thematic analysis of data was done. Results. A total of 14 interviews were conducted. Interviewees obtained information about the COVID-19 vaccine from their families, TV, and social media. All received information from both official campaigns and anti-vaccine communications. They analyzed the information they received and formed their own opinion. Their decision about the vaccine was not always respected. Hesitancy, a low perception of risk, fear of needles, administrative and geographic barriers were reasons for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions. Communication strategies targeted at adolescents are required that encourage their involvement in access to vaccination.

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Introducción. El perímetro cefálico (PC) es un indicador del crecimiento cerebral y es necesario contar con referencias de crecimiento que permitan determinar variaciones normales o patológicas. Objetivos. Presentar las primeras referencias argentinas de perímetro cefálico entre el nacimiento y los 19 años, y compararlas con las referencias de Nellhaus, utilizadas en nuestro país hasta la actualidad. Población y métodos. Para la construcción de estas referencias, se combinaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud 2018 y estudios transversales realizados entre 2004 y 2007 en las provincias de Buenos Aires y La Pampa, que incluyeron 8326 niños, niñas y adolescentes sanos. Las curvas de crecimiento fueron ajustadas con el método LMS. Para evaluar la magnitud de las diferencias entre estas referencias y las de Nellhaus, a diferentes edades, se graficaron los centilos 2, 50 y 98. Resultados. El PC mostró un incremento de tamaño variable con la edad, de mayor magnitud en los primeros años de vida, y un ligero incremento en la pubertad. Los valores del centilo 98 de las referencias argentinas fueron mayores que los de Nellhaus en todas las edades. Los valores del centilo 2 de la referencia nacional fueron menores que los de Nellhaus durante los primeros 2 años de vida, similares entre los 3 y 7 años, y mayores a partir de esta edad. Conclusiones. Las curvas argentinas describen adecuadamente el patrón de crecimiento del PC. Las diferencias halladas con la referencia de Nellhaus pueden atribuirse a cambios seculares.

Introduction. Head circumference (HC) is an indicator of brain growth; growth charts are necessary to determine normal or pathological variations. Objectives. To present the first Argentine HC reference charts between birth and 19 years of age and to compare them with the Nellhaus charts, which have been used in our country to date. Population and methods. These references were developed based on combined data from the National Survey on Nutrition and Health of 2018 and cross-sectional studies conducted between 2004 and 2007 in the provinces of Buenos Aires and La Pampa, which included 8326 healthy children and adolescents. Growth curves were adjusted using the LMS method. To assess the differences between these reference charts and the Nellhaus charts, at different ages, the 2nd, 50th, and 98th percentiles were plotted. Results. HC showed a variable increase in size with age, which was greater in the first years of life, and a slight increase at puberty. The values for the 98th percentile of the Argentine reference charts were higher than those of the Nellhaus charts at all ages. The values for the 2 nd percentile of the national reference were lower than those of the Nellhaus charts during the first 2 years of life, similar between 3 and 7 years of age, and higher after this age. Conclusions. The Argentine curves adequately describe the growth pattern of HC. The differences found with the Nellhaus charts may be attributed to secular changes.

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Introducción. La calidad de la alimentación implica tanto la cantidad y calidad de los alimentos que se ofrecen como la forma en que se ofrecen, el entorno y las respuestas de quien los ofrece. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar patrones de comportamiento relacionados a la alimentación perceptiva en niños entre 6 y 23 meses de áreas urbanas de la Argentina en 2018-19. Población y métodos. Análisis secundario de datos de la 2da Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud 2018-19, de una muestra probabilística polietápica de localidades urbanas de 5000 habitantes y más de Argentina. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y análisis de componentes principales para identificar los patrones de alimentación perceptiva en 4379 niños y niñas de 6 a 23 meses. Resultados. Se identificaron cinco patrones de alimentación perceptiva, las dos primeras dimensiones explicaron el 71,1 % de la inercia (p = 0,013). El patrón donde prevalecía la posibilidad de experimentación, la autonomía, la interacción y la ausencia de pantallas, premios y distracciones se asoció a niños/as mayores de 12 meses, de las regiones del centro y sur (Cuyo, Pampeana, Gran Buenos Aires y Patagonia), mientras que el patrón relacionado con menor autonomía, experimentación y autorregulación correspondió a las regiones Noroeste y Noreste, y a niños/as entre 6 y 11 meses. Conclusión. Se evidencian prácticas de alimentación perceptiva que se corresponden con patrones diferenciados entre sí, asociados a diferentes etapas y a la región donde viven los niños/as.

Introduction. Dietary quality involves both the quantity and quality of food offered, the way and the setting in which it is offered, and the responses of the person offering it. The objective of this study was to identify behavioral patterns related to responsive feeding in children aged 6 to 23 months in urban areas from Argentina in 2018­2019. Population and methods. Secondary analysis based on data from the second National Survey on Nutrition and Health of 2018­2019 conducted in a multistage probability sample from urban areas of 5000 inhabitants or more in Argentina. A descriptive analysis and a principal component analysis were performed to identify responsive feeding patterns in 4379 children aged 6 to 23 months. Results. Five responsive feeding patterns were identified; the first 2 dimensions explained 71.1% of inertia (p = 0.013). The pattern with a prevailing possibility of experimentation, autonomy, interaction, and the absence of screens, rewards and distractions was associated with children older than 12 months from the central and south regions (Cuyo, Pampa, Greater Buenos Aires, and Patagonia), whereas the pattern related to a lower autonomy, experimentation, and self-regulation corresponded to children aged 6 to 11 months from the Northwest and Northeast regions. Conclusion. There is evidence of responsive feeding practices that correspond to distinguishable patterns, associated with different stages of life and with the region where the children live

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Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades de comunicación social y comportamientos repetitivos y estereotipados. Además de la categoría diagnóstica, las actividades que los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) pueden realizar y la participación social son los aspectos principales por considerar desde el marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF), propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para describir los estados de salud. En una investigación previa, elaboramos la primera versión de una herramienta pediátrica basada en la CIF llamada TEA-CIFunciona para evaluación funcional de NNyA con diagnóstico de TEA, que permitió captar características funcionales adaptadas a nuestro contexto cultural. Se propuso como objetivo posterior aplicar TEA-CIFunciona en formato multicéntrico para evaluar NNyA de diferentes regiones, revisar y actualizar la herramienta, e identificar barreras y facilitadores. Población y métodos. Se administró TEA-CIFunciona versión 1.0 a NNyA con diagnóstico confirmado de TEA (según criterios del DSM-5), menores de 16 años, en seguimiento en cinco centros de atención pediátrica del país. Resultados. Se obtuvo la versión 2.0 de TEA-CIFunciona con 34 categorías (10 funciones corporales, 15 actividades y participación, y 9 factores ambientales). Se elaboró el perfil funcional de la muestra completa (n = 308). Conclusiones. La versión actualizada de TEA-CIFunciona contribuye a estandarizar y a sistematizar la obtención de información necesaria para adecuar el seguimiento de los NNyA con TEA a nivel nacional. Además, permite identificar barreras por superar y facilitadores para generalizar

Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In addition to the diagnostic category, the activities performed by children and adolescents and their social involvement are the main aspects to be considered according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) proposed by the World Health Organization to describe health status. In a previous study, we developed the first version of a pediatric tool based on the ICF called ICF-ASD for the functional assessment of children and adolescents with ASD to capture functional characteristics adapted to our cultural setting. Our subsequent objective was to apply the ICF-ASD in a multicenter format to assess children and adolescents from different regions, review, and update it, and identify barriers and facilitators. Population and methods. The ICF-ASD version 1.0 was administered to children and adolescents younger than 16 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD (as per DSM-5 criteria), who were receiving follow-up at 5 children's health centers across Argentina. Results. Version 2.0 of the ICF-ASD was obtained, which included 34 categories (10 under body function, 15 under activities and participation, and 9 under environmental factors). A functional profile was developed for the whole sample (n = 308). Conclusions. The updated version of the ICF-ASD helps to standardize and systematize the collection of necessary data for an adequate follow-up of children and adolescents with ASD at a national level. It also allows to identify barriers to overcome and facilitators to be generalized

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Actinobacteria may help the mycorrhizal symbiosis by producing various bioactive metabolites. Mycorrhizae, in turn, are very important since they increase the absorption of nutrients, promoting the growth of their host plant and making inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM) a common practice applied in agriculture and forestry. The cultivation of Rubus idaeus (raspberry) is widespread in Patagonia, Argentina; however, the potential benefits of using actinobacteria-mycorrhizal inoculums to enhance crop growth and yield remain unexplored. The objective of this work was to study the interaction between actinobacteria (Streptomyces, Actinomycetota) and AM in raspberry plants. We performed an experiment applying 4 treatments to raspberry plants growing in two substrates, sterile soil and natural (non-sterile) soil. The treatments consisted in a control (without inoculation) and three inoculations treatments (AM, Streptomyces SH9 strain, and AM + Streptomyces). After 3 months of inoculation, mycorrhization parameters (%) and plant growth were recorded. When comparing both substrates, the mycorrhization parameters were higher in natural soil than in sterile soil. The co-inoculation with AM + Streptomyces SH9 showed the highest mycorrhization. Both factors (treatment x substrate) interacted showing that in sterile soil the treatments with the highest effect on mycorrhization parameters were AM and the co-inoculation, while in natural soil all inoculations improved mycorrhization parameters, being highest with the co-inoculation. These results show that Streptomyces SH9 strain helps the mycorrhizal symbiosis in raspberry, being the first report about the effect of a native rhizospheric actinobacterium on an economically important species, promising potential for environmentally friendly improvements in raspberry crops within the temperate Southern Patagonian region.

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The Coastal Creole pigs in Argentina are predominantly found in the wild and can trace their lineage directly back to the Iberian breeds introduced by Spanish colonizers. They currently stand as the sole Creole breed in the country recognized by the FAO. However, there exists a dearth of studies assessing their genetic potential within the swine industry. Therefore, this study aimed to genetically characterize the meat quality of Coastal Creole pigs based on seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the Ryr1, PRKAG3, MC4R, H-FABP, and CAST genes. A total of N = 158 samples were collected from specimens distributed along the coastal region. Our findings revealed all loci to exhibit polymorphism, underscoring the population's remarkable genetic diversity. Furthermore, a higher frequency of alleles favorable for the PRKAG3191I>V/200R>Q, MC4R1426A>G, CAST76872G>A, and Ryr11843C>T genes was observed, while alleles unfavorable predominated for H-FABP1811G>C and CAST638Ser>Arg. The results obtained in this research are highly encouraging, reflecting the genetic potential of these pigs to be utilized in swine production programs.

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Epistemic trust refers to the trust in communicated knowledge, specifically an individual's ability to regard knowledge conveyed by others as meaningful, relevant to oneself, and applicable to other contexts. This area has received considerable attention in recent psychological literature, though predominantly from a theoretical perspective. The main objective of this study was to test the factorial validity of the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ) on an Argentine setting. Based on two studies (Study 1, n = 1018; Study 2, n = 559), the factorial structure of the instrument and its internal consistency were examined (S1 Appendix). In the second study, the factorial structure was confirmed, test-retest reliability was analysed, and associations between epistemic stances and sociodemographic variables, hypomentalisation, attachment styles, childhood traumatic experiences, and anxious-depressive symptomatology were explored. A satisfactory three-factor solution with 15 items and residual correlations was found in both studies, with stable scores over time. Significant positive correlations were found with anxious and fearful-avoidant attachment, hypomentalisation, childhood traumatic experiences, and psychopathological symptomatology. Post-hoc analysis revealed that, on the one hand, gender acts as a moderator in the relationship between hypomentalisation and epistemic mistrust. On the other hand, economic level and educational level moderate the relationship between hypomentalisation and epistemic credulity. Measurement invariance across gender was tested and found satisfactory, with significant differences subsequently observed in the epistemic trust factor. In conclusion, the Argentine version of the ETMCQ provides an empirical measure for use in non-clinical samples. Its application could facilitate clinically and theoretically relevant findings.

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60° aniversario del fallecimiento del Dr. Mirizzi.

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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), characterized by its high fatality rate, poses a significant public health concern in Argentina due to the increasing evidence of person-to-person transmission of Andes virus. Several orthohantaviruses were described in the country, but their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from partial genomic sequences. The objectives of this work were to assess the viral diversity of the most prevalent orthohantaviruses associated with HPS cases in the Central-East (CE) region of Argentina, elucidate the geographic patterns of distribution of each variant and reconstruct comprehensive phylogenetic relationships utilizing complete genomic sequencing. To accomplish this, a detailed analysis was conducted of the geographic distribution of reported cases within the most impacted province of the region. A representative sample of cases was then selected to generate a geographic map illustrating the distribution of viral variants. Complete viral genomes were obtained from HPS cases reported in the region, including some from epidemiologically linked cases. The phylogenetic analysis based on complete genomes defined two separate clades in Argentina: Andes virus in the Southwestern region and Andes-like viruses in other parts of the country. In the CE region, Buenos Aires virus and Lechiguanas virus clearly segregate in two subclades. Complete genomes were useful to distinguish person-to-person transmission from environmental co-exposure to rodent population. This study enhances the understanding of the genetic diversity, geographical spread, and transmission dynamics of orthohantaviruses in Central Argentina and prompt to consider the inclusion of Buenos Aires virus and Lechiguanas virus in the species Orthohantavirus andesense, as named viruses.

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INTRODUCTION: The optimal management of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection remains unclear. Updated information concerning local data is needed to design the best strategy to treat H. pylori infection to reach high eradication rates. The Argentinean Registry (Hp-ArgReg) on H. pylori management was launched to monitor the eradication practices of gastroenterologists. The objective was to assess the effectiveness and safety of firstline H. pylori treatment in Argentina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter prospective registry of the clinical practice of the Argentinean gastroenterologists concerning H. pylori infection (Hp-ArgReg) was developed. Variables included: patient demographic information, previous eradication attempts, prescribed treatment, adverse events, compliance and outcome. RESULTS: Overall, 800 patients were included and 727 patients received first-line empirical treatment. The most frequent treatment indications were dyspepsia (78%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (12%). Among first-line treatments, quadruple therapies (with or without bismuth) achieved eradication rates of 94.9%, while triple therapies achieved eradication rates of 78.9%. Quadruple therapies were significantly more effective than triple therapies (P < 0.01, OR 5, CI 2.95-8.6). Sequential therapy with zinc showed an effectiveness of 95.6%. Adverse events were reported in 29% of the cases (mainly mild) and tolerance was quite similar among therapies. CONCLUSION: in Argentina, Quadruple therapies with or without bismuth and sequential therapy with zinc showed an H. pylori eradication effectiveness of over 90% in real clinical practice. Local Registries for H pylori management could help to control the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Introducción: El óptimo manejo de la infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es objeto de debate. Contar con datos locales ayudaría a lograr altas tasas de erradicación. El Registro Argentino H. pylori (RegArg-Hp) se estableció con el objetivo de monitorear el manejo local de la infección. El objetivo fue describir la efectividad y seguridad de las terapias empíricas de primera línea para la erradicación del H. pylori utilizadas en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Registro prospectivo, multicéntrico, de la práctica clínica de los gastroenterólogos argentinos. Se incluyeron datos demográficos de pacientes con infección por H. pylori, intentos previos de erradicación, tratamiento indicado, eventos adversos, cumplimiento y erradicación. Resultados: De 800 pacientes incluidos, 727 recibieron un tratamiento empírico de primera línea. Las indicaciones de tratamiento más frecuentes fueron dispepsia (78%) y úlcera gastroduodenal (12%). Entre los tratamientos de primera línea, las terapias cuádruples (con o sin bismuto) lograron tasas de erradicación del 94.9% mientras las terapias triples tasas de erradicación del 78.9%. Las terapias cuádruples fueron significativamente más efectivas que las triples (P < 0.01, OR 5, IC 2.95-8.6). La terapia secuencial con zinc mostró una efectividad del 95.6%. Se reportaron eventos adversos en el 29% de los pacientes, generalmente leves y con una tolerancia similar entre las diferentes terapias. Conclusiones: En Argentina, las terapias cuádruples con o sin bismuto y la secuencial con zinc presentaron una efectividad de erradicación de H. pylori superior al 90%. La implementación de registros locales podría contribuir al control de la resistencia a los antibióticos.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the current Na levels in a variety of processed food groups and categories available in the Argentinean market to monitor compliance with the National Law and to compare the current Na content levels with the updated Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) regional targets. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Argentina. Data were collected during March 2022 in the city of Buenos Aires in two of the main supermarket chains. We carried out a systematic survey of pre-packaged food products available in the food supply assessing Na content as reported in nutrition information panels. RESULTS: We surveyed 3997 food products, and the Na content of 760 and 2511 of them was compared with the maximum levels according to the Argentinean law and the regional targets, respectively. All food categories presented high variability of Na content. More than 90 % of the products included in the National Sodium Reduction Law were found to be compliant. Food groups with high median Na, such as meat and fish condiments, leavening flour and appetisers are not included in the National Law. In turn, comparisons with PAHO regional targets indicated that more than 50 % of the products were found to exceed the regional targets for Na. CONCLUSIONS: This evidence suggests that it is imperative to update the National Sodium Reduction Law based on regional public health standards, adding new food groups and setting more stringent legal targets.

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Carcharodontosaurids were gigantic terrestrial dinosaurs and top predators of dinosaur faunas in Gondwanan landmasses during the "Mid"-Cretaceous Period. Despite their wide geographical and stratigraphical distribution, essential parts of their anatomy are still poorly known. The present contribution aims to describe a new partial skeleton of the carcharodontosaurid Taurovenator violantei, which was previously known only by an isolated postorbital bone coming from Cenomanian-Turonian beds of northern Patagonia, Argentina. The neck of Taurovenator is composed of notably high anterior cervicals, bearing neural spines with expanded, flange-like dorsal tips which are successively imbricated. This condition has been reported previously in the carcharodontosaurid Acrocanthosaurus, but its occurrence in Taurovenator and other members of the clade suggests it may represent a synapomorphy of this theropod family. This unique neck morphology was probably related to strong modifications in musculature and restriction in the range of movements within the neck, but not with the head. The new specimen also affords valuable anatomical information on the forelimb of Patagonian carcharodontosaurids. As in other giganotosaurines, Taurovenator shows strongly reduced forelimbs, particularly the forearm, showing hand elements with elongated non-ungual phalanges, and well-marked articular surfaces and muscular insertions, suggesting highly movable digits. This new specimen of Taurovenator allows us to expand anatomical and morpho-functional discussions about the carcharodontosaurid clade.

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Introduction: Unplanned transfers from the General Ward to Critical Care Units occur due to a deterioration in the patient's clinical status. They are of great interest because of their negative impact, associated with longer hospital stays and higher mortality. Objectives: To report the frequency at which these transfers occur, characteristics of these patients and causes of the transfer. Identify shortcomings in the care process that may allow improvement strategies. Methodology: cross-sectional study. Cases were considered those who, during the first 24 hours of hospitalization in the General Ward, required transfer to the ICU between January - December 2022 in a high-complexity hospital in Buenos Aires. Results: Of 8317 admissions, 124 were transferred to the ICU, with a rate of 14 per 1000 and an average of 70 years. The most frequent comorbidities were high blood pressure, heart failure, cancer and overweight-obesity. The main causes of hospitalization were respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. 67% had non-alarming results in the NEWS score prior to transfer to the ICU. The most frequent causes were respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability and requirement for monitoring. Average hospital stay was 10 days and in-hospital mortality was 26%. Conclusions: Respiratory decompensation in elderly male patients was the most common cause of transfer to a Closed Unit. One of the shortcomings of the care process seems to be the NEWS score, where in 67% of cases it did not warn about the high requirement of patient monitoring.

Introducción: Los traslados no programados, de Sala General a Unidades de Cuidados Críticos, se producen debido a un deterioro en el estado clínico del paciente. Son de gran interés debido a su impacto negativo, asociado con estadías hospitalarias más largas y mayor mortalidad. Objetivos: Reportar la frecuencia en la que ocurren estos traslados, las características de estos pacientes y las causas del pase. Identificar falencias del proceso asistencial que permitan generar estrategias de mejora. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal. Se consideraron casos quienes durante las primeras 24 horas de internación en Sala General requirieron traslado a UCI entre Enero - Diciembre 2022 en un hospital de alta complejidad en Buenos Aires. Resultados: De 8317 ingresos 124 fueron trasladados a UCI, con una tasa de 14 por 1000 y una media de 70 años. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, insuficiencia cardíaca, cáncer y sobrepeso-obesidad. Las principales causas de internación fueron cuadros respiratorios y gastrointestinales. Un 67% tuvieron resultados no alarmantes en el score NEWS previo al pase a UCI. Las causas más frecuentes fueron insuficiencia respiratoria, inestabilidad hemodinámica y requerimiento de monitoreo. La estadía hospitalaria media fue de 10 días y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria 26%. Conclusión: Los descompensación respiratoria en pacientes añosos de sexo masculino fue la causa más común de pase a Unidad Cerrada.Una de las falencias del proceso asistencial pareciera ser el score NEWS, donde en un 67% de los casos no alertó sobre el alto requerimiento de monitoreo del paciente.

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The study addresses the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and initial validation of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) questionnaire into Spanish, particularly for the context of health personnel. The OLBI, based on the Job Demands - Resources Model, evaluates burnout and job disengagement. After a rigorous methodological process, two versions of the questionnaire were carried out, followed by a pilot test and cognitive interviews. Comprehension problems were identified in a question related to work disconnection. Adjustments were made to the final version, which was validated with a multiprofessional pediatric palliative care group. The results showed adequate reliability for the Exhaustion scale and acceptable for the Disconnection scale. The importance of considering the particularities of the work context in adapting the instrument was highlighted. Although limitations, such as sample size, are acknowledged, it is suggested that the OLBI ­ UY version is promising and can be used in future studies for a more comprehensive psychometric analysis. This study represents an original contribution by addressing the adaptation of a relevant instrument for measuring burnout in Spanish-speaking health personnel in the Río de la Plata.

El estudio aborda la traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación inicial del cuestionario Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) al español, en particular para el contexto del personal de salud. El OLBI, basado en el Modelo Demandas del Trabajo - Recursos, evalúa agotamiento y desconexión laboral. Tras un proceso metodológico riguroso, se realizaron dos versiones del cuestionario, seguidas de una prueba piloto y entrevistas cognitivas. Se identificaron problemas de comprensión en una pregunta relacionada con la desconexión laboral. Se realizaron ajustes en la versión final, que fue validada con un grupo multiprofesional de cuidados paliativos pediátricos. Los resultados mostraron adecuada confiabilidad para la escala de Agotamiento y aceptable para la de Desconexión. Se destacó la importancia de considerar las particularidades del contexto laboral en la adaptación del instrumento. Aunque se reconocen limitaciones, como el tamaño de la muestra, se sugiere que la versión OLBI - UY es prometedora y puede utilizarse en estudios futuros para un análisis psicométrico más exhaustivo. Este estudio representa un aporte original al abordar la adaptación de un instrumento relevante para la medición del burnout en personal de salud de  habla hispana del Río de la Plata.

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Tracheostomy (TQT) has emerged as a valuable alternative for patients with orotracheal intubation, especially those under prolonged mechanical ventilation (VMP), as in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This population presents additional challenges, and the available information regarding their progression in specialized centers is limited in Argentina.A descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted at Santa Catalina Neurorehabilitation Clinic between August 2015 and December 2018. Patients with COPD referred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), tracheostomized, and subsequently referred to the Center for Ventilation Disconnection and Rehabilitation (CDVMR) were included. Cases with missing data or derived from other CDVMRs were excluded. Clinical records and interviews were employed to collect demographic and progression data.Out of the 27 COPD patients included (4.9% of 555), the majority were males (63%) with an average age of 68.1 years. Most were admitted with AVMi, and 11 (45.8%) were successfully disconnected, while 11 (40.7%) were decannulated. Survival and home discharge were more frequent in decannulated patients (81.8% were discharged) compared to non-decannulated ones (50% deceased, and none were discharged).COPD patients undergoing TQT and VMP, who succeed in being decannulated, seem to have better prospects for survival and home discharge compared to those who do not have the cannula removed. There is a suggestion for the need for additional analytical studies to confirm these findings and improve the understanding of this specific population.

La traqueostomía (TQT) es una una alternativa valiosa para pacientes con intubación orotraqueal, especialmente aquellos bajo ventilación mecánica prolongada (VMP), como en el caso de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Esta población presenta desafíos adicionales,  la información disponible sobre su evolución en centros especializados es limitada en Argentina.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en  Santa Catalina Neurorehabilitación Clínica entre agosto de 2015 y diciembre de 2018. Se incluyeron pacientes EPOC derivados a la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI), traqueostomizados y posteriormente remitidos al Centro de Desvinculación de Ventilación Mecánica y Rehabilitación (CDVMR). Se excluyeron casos con datos faltantes o derivados de otros CDVMR. Se emplearon registros clínicos y entrevistas para recolectar datos demográficos y de evolución.De los 27 pacientes con EPOC incluidos (4.9% de 555), la mayoría eran hombres (63%) con una edad promedio de 68.1 años. La mayoría ingresó con AVMi, y se logró desvincular a 11 (45.8%) y decanular a 11 (40.7%) pacientes. La sobrevida y el alta domiciliaria fueron más frecuentes en pacientes decanulados (81.8% recibieron el alta) en comparación con los no decanulados (50% fallecieron y ninguno recibió el alta).Los pacientes EPOC sometidos a TQT y VMP, que logran ser decanulados, parecerían tener mejores perspectivas de sobrevida y alta domiciliaria en comparación con aquellos que no se les retira la cánula. Se sugiere la necesidad de estudios analíticos adicionales para confirmar estos hallazgos y mejorar la comprensión de esta población específica.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina has challenged health professionals to implement teleconsultation to maintain continuity of care. Objectives: Describe the implementation of new technologies in teleconsultation by Nutrition professionals from Entre Ríos, from the beginning of the ASPO to the new normal.Methodology: Observational, descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study, in which 72 Nutrition professionals from Entre Ríos, Argentina participated through a self-administered online questionnaire. The descriptive analysis of the data was carried out in the IBM® SPSS Statistics program. Results: 84.7% of professionals began to implement new technologies in teleconsultation since the beginning of the ASPO. Although the majority did not experience significant changes in their income, relationships with patients, or time spent in teleconsultation compared to in-person care, 78% did not receive specific training for the implementation of these technologies in remote care. Despite this challenge, 80% expressed their intention to continue with this type of care in the new normal, allocating hours of their workload for this purpose. Conclusions: The implementation of new technologies in teleconsultation has proven to be an ally in maintaining the continuity of nutritional care since the beginning of ASPO. However, to provide a quality service, it is necessary to select the most appropriate technologies and dedicate sufficient time to planning and implementation.

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 en Argentina ha desafiado a los profesionales de la salud a implementar la teleconsulta para mantener la continuidad de la atención. Objetivos: Describir la implementación de nuevas tecnologías en la teleconsulta por profesionales en Nutrición de Entre Ríos, desde el inicio del ASPO hasta la nueva normalidad. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal, en el que participaron 72 profesionales en Nutrición de Entre Ríos, Argentina a través de un cuestionario en línea autoadministrado. El análisis descriptivo de los datos se realizó en el programa IBM® SPSS Statistics. Resultados: El 84,7% de los profesionales comenzó a implementar nuevas tecnologías en la teleconsulta desde el inicio del ASPO. Aunque la mayoría no experimentó cambios significativos en sus ingresos, la relación con los pacientes ni en el tiempo dedicado a la teleconsulta en comparación con la atención presencial, el 78% no recibió capacitación específica para la implementación de estas tecnologías en la atención remota. A pesar de este desafío, el 80% expresó su intención de continuar con esta modalidad de atención en la nueva normalidad, asignando horas de su carga horaria para este propósito. Conclusión: La implementación de nuevas tecnologías en la teleconsulta ha demostrado ser un aliado para mantener la continuidad de la atención nutricional desde el inicio del ASPO. Sin embargo, para brindar un servicio de calidad, es necesario seleccionar las tecnologías más apropiadas y de dedicar suficiente tiempo a la planificación e implementación.

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Introduction: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, confinement measures were applied in many states around the world, producing changes in lifestyle and health habits, whose metabolic impact was different in different populations. Objectives: Describe the metabolic and anthropometric changes in office patients in the City of Córdoba during the confinement period and determine possible associated factors. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study based on the review of the medical records of patients seen in an endocrinology clinic in Córdoba, Argentina. They were followed up during the 1-year period by evaluating metabolic and anthropometric characteristics. Results: 149 patients were included, of which 116 (77.9%) were female and the median:IQR age was 50:36.5-58 years. At the end of follow-up, a significant increase in alcohol consumption (18.1% vs 11.4%, p=0.001) was observed, as well as the number of diabetic patients (diagnosis of 20 new cases). 49.67% of patients increased their body weight, with a median of 3.1 kg (IQR 25-75%: 1.4-7.5 kg). Patients who had longer follow-up (3 or more controls during the year) decreased their Body Mass Index and increased physical activity. Conclusions: Although confinement was generally associated with an increase in obesity, diabetes and consumption of toxic substances, in patients who were monitored more frequently, better control of body weight and increased activity was observed. physical.

Introducción: Al comienzo de la pandemia por COVID-19 se aplicaron medidas de confinamiento en muchas estados del mundo, produciendo cambios en los hábitos de vida y salud, cuyo impacto metabólico fue diferente en distintas poblaciones. Objetivos: Describir los cambios metabólicos y antropométricos en pacientes de consultorio en la Ciudad de Córdoba durante el período de confinamiento y determinar posibles factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo analítico a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en consultorio de endocrinología en Córdoba, Argentina. Se realizó el seguimiento de estos durante el período de 1 año evaluando características metabólicas y antropométricas. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo analítico a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en consultorio de endocrinología en Córdoba, Argentina. Se realizó el seguimiento de estos durante el período de 1 año evaluando características metabólicas y antropométricas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 149 pacientes, de los cuales 116(77,9%) eran de sexo femenino y la mediana:RIC de edad fue 50:36,5-58 años. Al final del seguimiento se observó un aumento significativo del consumo de alcohol (18,1% vs 11,4%, p=0,001), así como también el número de pacientes diabéticos (diagnóstico de 20 nuevos casos). El 49,67% de los pacientes incrementó su peso corporal, con una mediana de 3,1Kg(RIC 25-75%: 1,4-7,5 kg). Los pacientes que tuvieron mayor seguimiento (3 o más controles durante el año), disminuyeron su Índice de masa corporal y aumento de actividad física. Conclusiones: Si bien el confinamiento se asoció en términos generales a un aumento del obesidad, diabetes y consumo de sustancias tóxicas, en los pacientes a los cuales se les realizó un seguimiento más frecuente, se observó mejor control del peso corporal y aumento de la actividad física.

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Background: spinal cord injury leaves as a sequel in the acute and chronic period, deficiencies in the stability of joint functions and in the function of voluntary movement control. Those with good trunk control have a greater probability of carrying out activities of daily living by themselves; up to now, we do not have reliable tools in Argentina that evaluate trunk control in these subjects. Objectives: to cross-culturally adapt the trunk control test to Argentinean Spanish in subjects with sequelae of spinal cord injury and to establish interobserver and intraobserver reliability. Methodology: the subjects were admitted using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Subjects who were between 15 and 75 years old and had a diagnosis of spinal cord injury were included. Subjects who had: another neurological diagnosis, alteration in sensory organs, conditions that prevent the performance of the test, and psychiatric illness were excluded. Results: 30 subjects were included for cross-cultural adaptation and 55 for reliability. Semantic modifications were made to all items and response options. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the scale or subdomains did not achieve a sufficient score. Conclusion: the trunk control test was adapted cross-culturally to Argentine Spanish and interobserver and intraobserver reliability was established. The adaptation was achieved through semantic changes and the reliability was not sufficient. In the future, studies should be carried out to improve the reliability and study the validity of the tool.

Introducción: la lesión de la médula espinal deja como secuela en el período agudo y crónico, deficiencias en la estabilidad de las funciones articulares y de la función del control de los movimientos voluntarios. Aquellos con buen control de tronco poseen una mayor probabilidad de realizar por sí mismos  actividades de la vida diaria, hasta el momento, no contamos en Argentina con herramientas fiables  que evalúen el control de tronco en estos sujetos. Objetivos: adaptar transculturalmente al castellano argentino el trunk control test  en sujetos con secuela de lesión medular espinal y establecer la fiabilidad interobservador, intraobservador. Metodología: los sujetos fueron ingresados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico  por conveniencia. Se incluyeron sujetos que: posean entre 15 años a 75 años y tengan diagnóstico de lesión medular espinal, se excluyeron sujetos que posean: otro diagnóstico neurológico, alteración en los órganos sensoriales, condiciones que impidan la realización de la prueba y enfermedad psiquiátrica. Resultados: 30 sujetos fueron incluidos para la adaptación transcultural y 55 para la fiabilidad. Se realizaron modificaciones semánticas en todos los ítems y opciones de respuesta. La fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador de la escala o de los subdominios no logró un puntaje suficiente. Conclusión:  se adaptó transculturalmente al castellano argentino el trunk control test y se estableció la fiabilidad interobservador, intraobservador. La adaptación se logró a través de cambios semánticos y la fiabilidad no fue suficiente. A futuro se deberán realizar estudios para mejorar la fiabilidad y estudiar la validez de la herramienta.

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