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BACKGROUND: Dental anxiety is marked by intense and irrational fear of dental procedures affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental anxiety, its influencing factors, and the preferred management techniques among adults seeking dental care in Riyadh. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out among 1734 patients who visited dental clinics in Riyadh. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and validated, comprising 28 closed-ended questions; it demonstrated good reliability and internal consistency (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.90, Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.86), it contained pre-validated Modified Dental Anxiety Scale to quantitatively assess the level of dental anxiety. Data analysis involved descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Majority (59.2%) of participants reported moderate anxiety, while 10.9% experienced high anxiety which was significantly linked to factors such as fear of pain (37.8%) and anaesthetic needles (25.8%). Topical anaesthetic gel (64.5%), pre-treatment explanations (78.9%), and conducive clinic environment (79.4%) were perceived as effective anxiety alleviators. A negative correlation existed between dental anxiety and preferred management techniques. Dental anxiety had significant association between gender (ß = 0.910) and age (ß = 0.263). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that majority of participants had moderate dental anxiety, linked significantly to influencing factors like frequency and purpose of dental visits and past dental experiences. The study also found the preferred anxiety management methods among participants which included topical anaesthetic gel, pre-treatment explanations, and a comfortable clinic environment.
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Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico , Humanos , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/psicología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Atención Odontológica/psicología , AncianoRESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a lot of stress for healthcare personnel. They are subjected to arduous and stressful working hours and may contract infection. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the level of occupational stress and the prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and (ii) to identify some sociodemographic characteristics and work-related factors that may influence the level of stress and burnout among such HCWs. An online survey was distributed on social media websites and groups of HCWs in KSA. The survey depended on the stress domain of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the work-related burnout domain of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Data were collected using a Google form and then analyzed. Among 478 respondents, 37.7% of studied HCWs reported mild to extremely severe stress, and 47.9% of them reported work-related burnout. Occupational stress and burnout were more prevalent among front-line HCWs (43.9% and 55%) than among second-line HCWs (31.2% and 40.8%). The mean scores of occupational stress and burnout were significantly much higher among frontline physicians and nurses particularly those who are females, of younger age (≤40 years), with few years of work experience (≤15 years), being married, having chronic disease, and those previously infected by COVID-19. HCWs reported a high prevalence of occupational stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Establishing policies and guidelines, enhancing working conditions, and providing continuous psychological support and assurance to HCWs are recommended to improve their resilience and increase their coping capacities toward pandemics.
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Agotamiento Profesional , COVID-19 , Personal de Salud , Estrés Laboral , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Personal de Salud/psicología , Agotamiento Profesional/epidemiología , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Adulto , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Estrés Laboral/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2 , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pandemias , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism due to increased thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb).The treatment of GD often consists of radioactive iodine therapy, anti-thyroid drugs (ATD), or thyroidectomy. Since few studies have collected data on remission rates after treatment with ATD in Saudi Arabia, our study aimed to assess the efficacy and the clinical predictors of GD long-term remission with ATD use. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective chart review study of 189 patients with GD treated with ATD between July 2015 and December 2022 at the endocrine clinics in King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. All GD patients, adults, and adolescents aged 14 years and older who were treated with ATD during the study period and had at least 18 months of follow-up were included in the study. Patients with insufficient follow-up and those who underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy or thyroidectomy as first-line therapy for GD were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 189 patients, 72% of whom were female. The patients' median age was 38years (33, 49). A total of 103 patients (54.5%) achieved remission. The median follow-up period for the patients was 22.0 months (9, 36). Patients who achieved remission had lower mean free T4 levels (25.8pmol/l ± 8.93 versus 28.8pmol/l ± 10.82) (P value = 0.038) and lower median TRAb titer (5.1IU/l (2.9, 10.7)) versus (10.5IU/l (4.2, 22.5)) (P value = 0.001) than patients who did not achieve remission. Thirty-five out of 103 patients who achieved remission (34%) relapsed after ATD discontinuation. The patients who relapsed showed higher median thyroid uptake on 99mTc-pertechnetate scan than patients who did not relapse: 10.3% (5.19, 16.81) versus 6.0% (3.09, 12.38), with a P value of 0.03. They also received ATD for a longer period, 40.0 months (29.00, 58.00) versus 25.0 months (19.00, 32.50), with a P value of < 0.0001. CONCLUSION: The remission of GD was achieved in approximately half of the patients treated with ATD; however, approximately one-third of them relapsed. Lower Free T4 and TRAb levels at diagnosis were associated with remission. Longer ATD use and higher thyroid uptake upon diagnosis were associated with relapse after ATD discontinuation. Future studies are necessary to ascertain the predictors of ATD success in patients with GD.
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Antitiroideos , Enfermedad de Graves , Humanos , Enfermedad de Graves/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antitiroideos/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del Tratamiento , Inducción de Remisión , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , PronósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The global population of older adults is on the rise. As people age, their physical functions gradually decline, leading to a decrease in the overall functioning of different organ systems. Due to these changes, older individuals are at a higher risk of encountering various adverse health outcomes and complications, such as malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among older adults dwelling in the western region of Saudi Arabia. We have analyzed these factors separately for both men and women to understand any potential sex differences. METHODS: A nonrandomized cross-sectional study was conducted for older adults aged ≥60 years in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Personal information was obtained through a closed questionnaire. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form was used to determine the malnutrition status of older adults. Consequently, the individuals were divided into 2 groups: normal and malnourished. To assess the risk factors related to malnutrition, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were determined using a binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition in men and women was around 7% and 5%, respectively. Potential risk factors related to malnutrition in men were higher age (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.086-1.468; P=.002), being widowed (OR 8.392, 95% CI 1.002-70.258; P=.049), and having dental problems (OR 9.408, 95% CI 1.863-47.514; P=.007). On the other hand, risk factors associated with malnutrition in women were lower BMI (OR 0.843, 95% CI 0.747-0.952; P=.006) and being disabled (OR 18.089, 95% CI 0.747-0.952; P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide important insights into the risk factors for malnutrition among older adults in the western region of Saudi Arabia. While the overall prevalence of malnutrition was relatively low, the analysis revealed distinct risk factors for older men and women. Interventions developed based on the identified risk factors may prove effective in addressing the issue of malnutrition within this population.
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Desnutrición , Humanos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Evaluación Nutricional , Evaluación Geriátrica , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
Introduction: Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) are widely used for treating psychiatric disorders due to their favorable side effect profile compared to First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs). However, SGAs are associated with significant metabolic side effects. This study aims to explore the sociodemographic and health differences between individuals using SGAs and those not using them. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 148 participants, including 102 SGA users and 46 non-users. Data were collected from patients and medical records, encompassing sociodemographic factors and health variables including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and BMI. Statistical analyses included chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to compare the two groups. Results: SGA users had higher rates of overweight and obesity compared to non-users (p = 0.000), with 30.4% overweight and 29.4% obese among SGA users versus 21.7% overweight and 4.3% obese among non-users. A higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease was observed in SGA users (11.8% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.076). Although not statistically significant, trends indicated higher rates of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia in non-users (30.4% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.110 and 7% vs. 0%, p = 0.083, respectively). Conclusion: This study highlights significant differences in BMI and cardiovascular disease prevalence between SGA users and non-users, reinforcing the need for comprehensive metabolic monitoring in patients treated with SGAs. The findings underscore the importance of considering sociodemographic factors in managing the health risks associated with SGA use. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to better understand these associations and develop targeted interventions.
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Antipsicóticos , Síndrome Metabólico , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Antipsicóticos/administración & dosificación , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/inducido químicamente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Prevalencia , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/inducido químicamente , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
This study aimed to analyze patterns and predictors of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among adolescents (12-16 years old) in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Nationally representative data from the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Survey in each country were analyzed (N = 17,220). SHS exposure at home, in public places, and at school was assessed. Descriptive statistics summarized exposure prevalence overall and by sex. Multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with each SHS exposure's outcome. The results showed that SHS exposure was high overall, with exposure at home and school ranging from 12.7 to 20.7%, respectively, in Oman to 39.4% and 36.7%, respectively, in Kuwait. Almost half of the adolescents reported exposure to SHS in public places, with a prevalence of 40.8% in Saudi Arabia to 65.9% in Kuwait. The prevalence of exposure varied between countries, with the highest rates occurring in Kuwait. Girls had higher exposure at home, while boys had higher exposure in public and at school. Factors associated with higher exposure included parental smoking, friend smoking, and tobacco advertising. The belief that SHS is harmful was associated with lower home exposure. In conclusion, adolescents in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries are exposed to concerning levels of SHS, especially in public places. These findings underscore the urgent need for stronger tobacco control policies, including comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all public venues, to protect youth from SHS exposure. Additionally, the results support the development of targeted interventions promoting smoke-free homes and social norms against smoking.
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Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Adolescente , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Prevalencia , Kuwait/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Fumar/epidemiología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Medio Oriente/epidemiología , Exposición a Riesgos AmbientalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the performance of a leading institution in implementing newborn hearing screening and address two key areas: the knowledge gap in screening practice and the prevalence of permanent sensorineural hearing loss in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: We analyzed the prevalence of hearing impairment in all live births at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, from September 2018 to June 2022. Automated auditory brainstem response was used for both initial screening and rescreening. Newborns who failed the rescreening underwent a diagnostic evaluation. We assessed the coverage of initial screening, the rate of lost follow-up, referrals for rescreening and diagnostic evaluation, and the prevalence of hearing impairment. RESULTS: A total of 5,986 newborns were born. Of these, 96.5% were screened. The passing rate for the initial screening and rescreening was 71.8%. However, 27.5% of newborns were lost to follow-up. Only 0.7% required referral for a diagnostic evaluation. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment was 2.6 per 1,000 newborns. CONCLUSION: Early identification of hearing loss through newborn screening improves the lives of affected individuals. Our program currently meets the World Health Organization's 1-3-6 benchmark goals. However, the underestimation of permanent hearing loss due to the 30% lost-to-follow-up rate is a limitation. Emphasizing the importance of the screening program is crucial to raising awareness and improving the accuracy of prevalence rates.
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Pruebas Auditivas , Tamizaje Neonatal , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Humanos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Recién Nacido , Tamizaje Neonatal/métodos , Prevalencia , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva/diagnóstico , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco EncefálicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of electronic device usage and its association with mental health status among preschool children aged 3-6 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children aged 3-6 years in kindergartens in Makkah city in 2023-2024, using an electronic questionnaire. An Arabic version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health. RESULTS: We recruited a total of 399 children. The prevalence of electronic device usage was 91.5%. The number of hours spent using electronic devices ranged from 0 to 12 hour (h)/day, with a mean of 3.1 h/day. We found a significant positive correlation between the number of hours spent using electronic devices and emotional problems (r=0.200, p<0.001), conduct problems (r=0.149, p=0.003), hyperactivity (r=0.279, p<0.001), peer problems (r=0.104, p=0.038), and total difficulty scores (r=0.263, p<0.001). We also found a significant negative correlation between the number of hours spent using electronic devices and the prosocial score (r= -0.128, p=0.011), and most of the included children had scores within the "close to average" category across all scales of mental health status. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of electronic device usage among preschool children, which exceeded the recommended time limit. A significant correlation was observed between electronic device use and mental health scores. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the nature of this association and its implications for child development.
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Salud Mental , Humanos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Preescolar , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Niño , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Several studies have suggested a correlation between serum vitamin D (VitD) level and multiple sclerosis (MS). MS has a known latitudinal distribution pattern, with greater incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates at higher latitudes. This study aims to assess levels of VitD and serum potassium in subjects with MS and the impact of gender and age as disease risk factors. A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in a high-altitude region of Saudi Arabia. VitD deficiency was defined as serum 25 (OH)D level of ≤20 ng/mL and insufficiency as a serum level between >20 ng/mL and <30 ng/mL. Two hundred patients with MS volunteered for the study, and 160 healthy participants served as controls. VitD and serum potassium were measured in patients and controls. Student t test and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The average MS patient age was 37.37â ±â 10.8 years. Most (73.02%) MS patients suffered from deficient vitamin D, while insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL) was found in 12.17%. Only 6.35% had sufficient vitamin D (30-40 ng/mL). VitD was significantly decreased in MS patients compared to the healthy controls (17.036 vs 25.01 ng/mL, Pâ <â .001), while serum potassium was also decreased (4.278 vs 4.329 mmol/L, Pâ =â .269). Risk factors found to have a statistically significant association with MS included female gender (odd ratio [OR]â =â 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.016-2.915; Pâ =â .044) and patient ageâ <â 40 years (ORâ =â 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.023-1.054; Pâ =â .044). VitD was significantly lower in MS patients. The prevalence of MS was higher among women and younger individuals in a high-altitude population in Saudi Arabia.
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Altitud , Esclerosis Múltiple , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Esclerosis Múltiple/sangre , Esclerosis Múltiple/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Factores de Riesgo , Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Potasio/sangre , Factores Sexuales , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of burnout, determine burnout-related factors, investigate resilience levels, and assess the relationship between burnout and resilience among physical therapy (PT) students at King Saud University (KSU) in Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 153 PT students studying at KSU between January and March 2023. The participants completed an online questionnaire, a Maslach Burnout Inventory, and a Brief Resilience Scale. RESULTS: Low-to-moderate levels of Emotional Exhaustion (EE) were observed in 85% of the participants and high Depersonalization (DP) levels were reported by 34.2%. Female participants reported higher levels of EE and DP, whereas males had a greater prevalence of low Personal Achievement (PA) levels. Approximately 6.5% of the study participants reported high burnout levels (a combination of high DP, high EE, and low PA). Academic stress, followed by sleeping difficulties and changes in the academic year structure, were the most important factors contributing to higher levels of burnout (75.2%, 56.9%, and 43.8%, respectively). Most study participants around (66.0%) reported normal resilience levels. A significant correlation was detected between resilience and 2 domains of burnout (DP and PA), with the correlation being negative and weak for DP and positive and moderate for PA. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, low-to-moderate levels of burnout were observed among the PT students who took part. Related factors that contributed to burnout were academic stress, sleeping difficulties, and academic year structure. A normal level of resilience was found to be significantly related to DP and PA but not to EE on the burnout subscales. Higher levels of resilience can be considered to play a protective role against burnout among PT students. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(4):343-354.
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Agotamiento Profesional , Resiliencia Psicológica , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Agotamiento Profesional/epidemiología , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Prevalencia , Estudiantes del Área de la Salud/psicología , Estudiantes del Área de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy, comorbidities and to investigate factors associated with polypharmacy among adult patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS: This was a retrospective single-centre cross-sectional study. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD according to the GOLD guidelines between 28 February 2020 and 1 March 2023 were included in this study. Patients were excluded if a pre-emptive diagnosis of COPD was made clinically without spirometry evidence of fixed airflow limitation. Population characteristics were presented as frequency for categorical variable. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of polypharmacy. RESULTS: The study sample included a total of 705 patients with COPD. Most of the study sample were males (60%). The mean age of the study population was 65 years old. The majority of the study population had comorbid diseases (68%), hypertension and diabetes were the most common co-existent diseases. Around 55% of the study sample had polypharmacy. Females were significantly less likely to be on polypharmacy compared to males (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.50-0.92], P-value = 0.012)). On the other hand, older patients aged 65.4 or more (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = [1.71-3.14], P-value ≤ 0.001), those with high BMI (≥ 29.2) (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = [1.05-1.92], P-value = 0.024), current smokers (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = [1.39-2.62], P-value ≤ 0.001), those who are receiving home care (OR = 5.29, 95% CI = [2.46-11.37], P-value ≤ 0.001), those who have comorbidities (OR = 19.74, 95% CI = [12.70-30.68], P-value ≤ 0.001) were significantly more likely to be on polypharmacy (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy is common among patients with COPD. Patients with high BMI, previous ICU hospitalization and older age are more likely to have polypharmacy. Future analytical studies are warranted to investigate outcomes in patients with COPD and polypharmacy.
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Comorbilidad , Polifarmacia , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: HEV is endemic in several Middle Eastern countries including Saudi Arabia, which hosts the annual pilgrimage for Muslims from around the world. One of the Hajj rituals is the sacrifice of animals, including camels, cows, goats, and sheep. HEV Zoonosis is established in swine and other suspected species, including deer, rabbits, dromedary, and Bactrian camels. HEV was identified in small, domesticized animals like goats, cows, sheep, and horses. We previously investigated HEV seroprevalence in Camels. This study aimed to evaluate HEV seroprevalence in other highly consumed ruminants in Saudi Arabia, namely cows, sheep, and goats. METHODS: Sera from cows (n = 47), goats (n = 56), and sheep (n = 67) were analyzed for the presence of HEV-IgG by using in-house developed ELISA assays. RESULTS: The highest seroprevalence was found in sheep (62.7%), followed by cows (38.3%), and then goats (14.3%), with a p-value of < 0.001. No other demographic characteristics of the animals were significantly correlated with the HEV seroprevalence. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides baseline data as the first study on the seroprevalence of HEV in ruminant animals in Saudi Arabia. The high seroprevalence found in sheep and cows must be further investigated for the potential zoonotic HEV transmission to humans. Further studies are needed to investigate the active viremia in these animal species through nucleic acid detection and sequencing to provide data on the circulating HEV genotypes among the targeted animal species. The detection of HEV in different animal products, such as milk, liver, and others, also remains an important study area to consider.
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Cabras , Virus de la Hepatitis E , Hepatitis E , Rumiantes , Animales , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis E/inmunología , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/veterinaria , Hepatitis E/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Cabras/virología , Ovinos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Bovinos , Rumiantes/virología , Femenino , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Zoonosis/virología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/sangre , Enfermedades de las Cabras/virología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Cabras/sangre , MasculinoRESUMEN
This study assessed the resilience of nurses in Saudi Arabia during the corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and examined its influence on their quality of life (QOL). A sample of 356 nurses was surveyed in this quantitative, cross-sectional study using the Resilience Scale for Nurses and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) from October 2020 to March 2021. The nurses reported the highest resilience score on "situational pattern", while the lowest score was on "relational pattern." The nurses had good perceptions on their overall QOL and health and rated their "social relationship" as having the highest quality, while their "environmental" domain as having the least quality. Gender, marital status, provision of direct nursing care to COVID-19 patients, "philosophical pattern", "situational pattern" and "dispositional pattern" had multivariate impacts on the QOL dimensions. The study concluded that being resilient can positively impact the nurses' QOL during stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Calidad de Vida , Resiliencia Psicológica , Humanos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Femenino , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , SARS-CoV-2 , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , PandemiasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of hereditary myopathy is often challenging owing to overlapping clinical phenotypes and muscle histopathological findings. This retrospective study aimed to identify the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of hereditary myopathies at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with hereditary myopathy who were evaluated between January 2018 and December 2022. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (78 families) were included, two-thirds were men with a mean age of 35 (SD 14.2) years. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) was the most prevalent clinical diagnosis (25 cases; 29%), of whom, a genetic diagnosis was achieved in 15 of 22 patients tested (68%). In genetically confirmed LGMD, the most prevalent disorders were dysferlinopathy (27%) followed by fukutin-related protein (FKRP) - related limb girdle muscular dystrophy (20%), sarcoglycanopathy (20%), lamin A/C related myopathy (13%), and calpain-3 myopathy (13%). In 26 patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, the genetic testing method was whole exome sequencing (WES) (42%), Next generation sequencing (NGS) (31%), and targeted single gene analysis (27%). The sensitivity of each genetic testing method was as follows: 100% for targeted single-gene analysis, 100% for targeted analysis of D4Z4 repeat array units, 88% for myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) repeat expansion analysis, 42% for NGS-neuromuscular panel, and 46% for WES. CONCLUSION: The prevalent types of hereditary myopathies were consistent with those reported locally and internationally. This study highlights the diagnostic yield of various molecular genetic tests for the diagnosis of hereditary myopathy in an adult cohort and the need for improved access to advanced molecular testing in cases suspected to have facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) or mitochondrial myopathies.
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Pruebas Genéticas , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas , Humanos , Masculino , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas/genética , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas/diagnóstico , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pruebas Genéticas/métodos , Adulto Joven , Estudios de Cohortes , Adolescente , Enfermedades Musculares/genética , Enfermedades Musculares/diagnóstico , Secuenciación del Exoma/métodosRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, as measured by hormone levels, in Saudi women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study will also assess thyroid hormones and leptin, angiopoietin like 8 (ANGPTL8), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients. A total of 250 women aged 40 to 60 years with T2DM were retrospectively studied between 2021 and 2022. This research examined medical records for T2DM patients. In this investigation, no T2DM patients had thyroid autoantibodies in their medical records. These patients were chosen for their FT4 and TSH values. All participants were Saudi females with T2DM, aged 54.5 years. Of the 250 participants, 32% had hypothyroidism, 14.8% had hyperthyroidism, and 40.8% (102) had no thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism (7.8â ±â 0.67 mmol/L) exhibited greater fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than hyperthyroidism (7.1â ±â 0.64 mmol/L) (Pâ <â .05). Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid females had significant differences in high density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), triglycerides, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, ANGPTL8, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin levels (Pâ <â .05). Pearson's correlation test showed that T2DM patients' HDL-C levels were favorably but negatively correlated with leptin and ANGPTL8 levels. In hypothyroidism, thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) is favorably linked with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyscride (TG), TyG index, BMI, WC, leptin, ANGPTL8, hs-CRP, and IR. T2DM is linked to thyroid malfunction, notably hypothyroidism, which correlates positively with TSH. TSH variations due to increasing leptin, ANGPTL8, and TyG index may enhance the risk of insulin resistance diseases, such as obesity and CVD, in Saudi females with T2DM.
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Proteína 8 Similar a la Angiopoyetina , Proteínas Similares a la Angiopoyetina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipotiroidismo , Leptina , Hormonas Tiroideas , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Leptina/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Adulto , Proteínas Similares a la Angiopoyetina/sangre , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/epidemiología , Hipertiroidismo/sangre , Hipertiroidismo/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/epidemiología , Tirotropina/sangre , Hormonas PeptídicasRESUMEN
Objective: Premarital screening is one of the most important strategies for preventing infectious diseases such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus in populations. This study aims to explore the prevalence of these viruses and their association with potential demographic factors among individuals undergoing premarital screening in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using the National Healthy Marriage Program electronic registry in the Saudi Ministry of Health. Patients were selected from the premarital screening tests for the three blood-borne viruses. Data were obtained from January to August 2021 among 114,740 individuals. Results: Hepatitis B virus infection showed the highest prevalence followed by hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses. Among those who were infected, men had higher infectious disease prevalence than women. The central and western regions had the highest percentages of infection. Conclusion: The studied infections pose a continuous public health issue among premarital screening individuals in Saudi Arabia. This study identified important demographic risk factors for these diseases and highlighted the need for future strategies and long-term plans at the national level.
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Infecciones por VIH , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Exámenes Prenupciales , Humanos , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Adulto , Prevalencia , Tamizaje Masivo , Adulto Joven , Factores de Riesgo , Persona de Mediana Edad , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Aim: To measure the social participation of people in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among people in Saudi Arabia to measure their participation in social activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A validated questionnaire of Social Participation Scale was used to collect data from five main regions in Saudi Arabia through social media platforms. Means, frequencies, and percentages were calculated through descriptive analysis. Mean scores and standard deviation of social participation of participants were also presented. Results: The total number of participants was 1,560 including Saudi (87.3%) and non-Saudi (12.7%) nationals. Most participants (60.2%) were female. The age of participants ranged between 16 and 24 years old. Around 62.1% of participants were married, 63.2% were educated, 48.4 were employed and 82% were from the Eastern region. Around 72% of participants earned <10,000 riyals per month compared to those (27.3%) who earned <5,000 riyals per month. A total 72.7% of the participants have been diagnosed by COVID-19. The mean score of social participation was 47.81 (SD = 0.27). Most participants (62.7%) reported that social participation was severely restricted. Around 68.2% of the participants were quarantined at the facilities. Conclusion: The social participation of people in Saudi Arabia had been severely restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic. An early assessment of people's social participation would help to identify their problems and needs, to help them improve their participation in social activities and thus increase their overall quality of life.
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COVID-19 , Participación Social , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Persona de Mediana Edad , PandemiasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complex disease with increasing global incidence and prevalence. Although dairy consumption has been linked to various chronic diseases, its relationship with IBD remains uncertain. Additionally, there is a lack of data on this topic from Arab countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between dairy consumption and IBD through a case-control study among Arab populations, followed by a meta-analysis of available studies. METHOD: First, we used data from 158 UC patients, 244 CD patients, and 395 controls attending a polyclinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All participants were aged ≥ 18 years. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of UC and CD for individuals who reported the highest versus the lowest frequencies of dairy consumption. Next, we conducted a meta-analysis, combining our results with those from other eligible studies after searching several databases. We used the I2 statistics to examine statistical heterogeneity across studies and the regression test for funnel plot asymmetry to assess publication bias. RESULTS: The case-control study showed a negative association between frequent dairy consumption and UC (OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.41, 1.00)) but not CD (OR (95% CI) = 0.97 (0.65, 1.45)). In the meta-analysis, the highest frequencies of dairy consumption were negatively associated with both UC and CD: ORs (95% CIs) = 0.82 (0.68, 0.98) and 0.72 (0.59, 0.87), respectively. A moderate heterogeneity across studies was noticed in the UC meta-analysis (I2 = 59.58%) and the CD meta-analysis (I2 = 41.16%). No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent dairy consumption could protect against the development of UC and CD, suggesting potential dietary recommendations in the context of IBD prevention.
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Árabes , Colitis Ulcerosa , Enfermedad de Crohn , Productos Lácteos , Dieta , Humanos , Productos Lácteos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Árabes/estadística & datos numéricos , Colitis Ulcerosa/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Oportunidad Relativa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at doses up to 1 mg. The results from randomized control trials and real-world studies revealed that weekly semaglutide was associated with significant improvements in HbA1c and body weight. To our knowledge, no study assessed the effectiveness of using semaglutide for patients with T2DM in the Saudi population. We aim to assess the effectiveness of once weekly SC 0.5 and 1 mg of semaglutide on HbA1c and weight reduction in patients with T2DM in the Saudi population within 12 months of use, evaluate the predictors of response, and compare the effect of the two doses. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Security Force Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using electronic medical records of patients with type two diabetes who received semaglutide 0.5 or 1 mg for a total duration of at least 12 months of use. Results: Within the study period of semaglutide use, HbA1c significantly decreased from baseline by -2.1% (-2.3 to -1.91, 95% CI) (P <0.001). While the mean change in weight was -6.19 kg (-6.66 to -5.72, 95% CI) (P<0.001). Moreover, BMI, FBG, total cholesterol, LDL, and TG all decreased significantly from baseline (p<0.001). When comparing the sub-groups of 0.5 and 1 mg doses, although results were numerically favorable of 1 mg, there were no statistically significant differences in HbA1c % (-2.1 ± 1.8 vs. -2.1 ± 1.9, p-value= 0.934, respectively), and weight (-6.1 ± 5 vs. -6.2 ± 4.4 kg, p-value=0.837, respectively). Significant predictors of HbA1c reduction were the duration of DM, baseline HbA1c, and insulin therapy. While the significant predictor for weight reduction was insulin therapy. Conclusion: This study is document the effectiveness of once-weekly SC semaglutide on glycemic control and weight loss in real-world practice. We recommend a starting goal dose of 0.5 mg and gradual increase of dose based individual patient response. further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of various semagltude doses.