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PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess pain, fitness condition, physical activity (PA) level, comorbidities, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), mood state and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term breast cancer survivors (LTBCS) compared to women without cancer history, matched by age, weight, height, and educational level. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in Granada between April 2018 and July 2023 involved 80 LTBCS and 80 matched controls. Pain, fitness condition, PA level, comorbidities, CRF, mood state, and HRQoL were evaluated ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis using validated instruments. RESULTS: LTBCS, compared to the controls, reported significantly higher levels of "pain intensity and interference", CRF (in all domains and > 40% exhibited moderate-to-severe fatigue levels), "sadness-depression", "anxiety", "anger/hostility", and "symptom scales" (All: P = .000 to .027). Moreover, 66.25% of LTBCS not only did not reach recommended PA levels (P = .035), but also presented significantly lower levels of "general physical fitness", "muscular strength", "happiness", "functioning scales" (except "emotional functioning"), and "global health status" (All: P = .000 to .048). CONCLUSION: LTBCS still suffer from physical (pain, fitness condition, and CRF), both mental and emotional (sadness-depression, anxiety and anger/hostility) long-term side effects as well as multiple HRQoL issues (including lower levels of physical functioning and higher levels of symptoms). These findings highlight the chronic nature of this disease and the importance of continuing long- term follow-up care for survivors many years after the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Fatiga , Salud Mental , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fatiga/etiología , Fatiga/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Anciano , Estado de Salud , Adulto , Aptitud Física/fisiología , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exercise therapy is a recognized non-pharmacological intervention for peripheral arterial disease (PAD); however, the effects of combined exercise remain under investigation. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-month combined supervised exercise program (SUP) with a usual care (UC) approach on walking ability, physical fitness, and peripheral blood flow in people with PAD and claudication. METHODS: Twenty-three male participants (Age=64.1 ± 6.2years and ABI=0.58±0.07) with PAD and claudication were assigned to either the SUP group (n = 10), engaging in structured supervised treadmill walking combined with three resistance exercises, three times a week, or the UC group (n = 13), receiving advice to walk. The primary outcome measure was walking ability, with assessments conducted at baseline (M0), after 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6). RESULTS: After the 6-month intervention, the SUP group exhibited significant improvements in absolute claudication time (ACT, p = 0.045), maximal walking time (MWT, p = 0.045), maximal walking distance (MWD, p = 0.027), and pause duration (p = 0.045) during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), when compared to the UC group. Over time, a significant increase in walking speed during the 6MWT (Speed6MWT, p = 0.001) and walking speed without claudication (SpeedNoC, p < 0.001) was found, although no significant differences were found between the groups. The SUP group increased by 0.8 km/h in both Speed6MWT and SpeedNoC, while the UC group increased by 0.3 km/h and 0.6 km/h, respectively. Despite claudication consistently occurring at the same time, the SUP group demonstrated an improved tolerance to pain or a better understanding of pain, enabling them to walk longer distances at higher speeds. A positive effect of SUP was found for chair sit-and-reach test (p = 0.023), percentage of fat mass (p = 0.048), fat-free mass (p = 0.040), and total body water (p = 0.026), suggesting potential benefits attributed to the resistance strength exercises. CONCLUSION: A 6-month combined treadmill and resistance exercise program improved walking ability, walking speed, lower body and lower back flexibility, and body composition in people with PAD and claudication.
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Terapia por Ejercicio , Claudicación Intermitente , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica , Aptitud Física , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Prueba de Paso , Caminata , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/terapia , Proyectos Piloto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Claudicación Intermitente/terapia , Claudicación Intermitente/fisiopatología , Caminata/fisiología , Anciano , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background: Firefighters have lower levels of physical activity while on call. It is critical to understand the impact of firefighters' physical activity on arterial stiffness. This study classified groups by physical activity level and combined peripheral vascular monitor measurement to explore the relationships between the level of physical activity and cardiovascular (CV) risk and physical fitness (PF) of firefighters, as well as the acute response to arterial stiffness (AS) following maximal aerobic exercise test (MAET) intervention. Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to classify the participants into 3 groups: low, moderate, and high level of physical activity group, respectively. A total of 36 participants were recruited, 12 in each group. Participants were assessed for body composition, rest brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), handgrip strength (HGS), maximal oxygen uptake (VÌO2max), and MAET baPWV. Results: In the three groups, significant differences were observed in VÌO2max, HGS, relative fat mass (%FM), body mass index (BMI), muscle mass ratio (MMR), and Rest baPWV (p < 0.05). After maximal aerobic exercise, the MAET baPWV values decreased significantly in all groups (all p < 0.001). Rest baPWV was significantly correlated with firefighters' age, seniority, metabolic equivalents (METs), height and muscle mass (MM) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Firefighters with high levels of physical activity had better body composition and physical fitness and lower Rest baPWV. In all three groups, baPWV was lower after the MAET than before it. Therefore, regardless of a firefighter's level of physical activity, high-intensity aerobic exercise may have a beneficial effect on arterial stiffness.
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Ejercicio Físico , Bomberos , Aptitud Física , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiología , Masculino , Adulto , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Prueba de Esfuerzo/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Índice Tobillo Braquial , Femenino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to address a critical gap in the understanding of the association between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness levels in adolescents with hearing impairment (HI) in China. This study investigated how different BMI levels impact the physical fitness index (PFI) of HI adolescents. Methods: This study employed a physical fitness test for HI adolescents attending special education schools. The test included eight components: height, weight, 50-m sprint, standing long jump, sit and reach, endurance run, bent-knee sit-up (for girls), and pull-up (for boys). Test scores for each student were standardized by age and gender. Individual Z-scores were then calculated, and the sum of these Z-scores constituted the PFI. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and PFI across different gender and age groups. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The linear regression model showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between BMI and PFI. At the same BMI level, boys exhibited superior physical fitness compared to girls with the same BMI (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences in PFI levels were observed between normal-weight and obese males, as well as between underweight and obese boys (P < 0.05). In the 13-15 and 16-18 age groups, the increase in BMI has a greater impact on boys PFI than on girls. Conclusions: Adolescents with HI generally demonstrated good physical fitness. Compared to individuals with normal weight, those who were underweight, overweight, or obese exhibited lower levels of physical fitness. Future interventions should focus on adolescents with HI with abnormal BMI.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Pérdida Auditiva , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Aptitud Física/fisiología , China/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva/fisiopatología , NiñoRESUMEN
This study examined the effects of birth weight on body composition, physical fitness, and sarcopenia in adulthood among young Japanese women. Seventy young adult women (birth weight <2500 g classified as low-birth-weight group [L-BW, n = 13] and ≥2500 g classified as not low-birth-weight group [NL-BW, n = 57]) were evaluated for body composition, physical fitness, and sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle mass was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the NL-BW group than in the L-BW group for all body sites. Effect sizes for the differences in skeletal muscle mass between the two groups were all larger in the NL-BW group than in the L-BW group (0.86-1.44). Knee extension muscle strength was higher in the NL-BW group than in the L-BW group (p = 0.04), but there were no differences between groups with respect to other physical fitness indicators (p>0.05). Except for SMI (p<0.05), other sarcopenia diagnostic evaluations did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, L-BW female infants were shorter in standing height and smaller in skeletal muscle mass in terms of morphology at the time of young adulthood compared to NL-BW female infants. In addition, in terms of physical fitness, those with L-BW also had a lower-limb power score and a higher proportion of low skeletal muscle mass. Thus, it was suggested that low birth weight infants may be at risk of needing nursing care in old age (i.e., a high predicted incidence of sarcopenia) as well as thinness problems in the fertile generation.
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Peso al Nacer , Composición Corporal , Aptitud Física , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Femenino , Sarcopenia/fisiopatología , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Japón/epidemiología , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Recién Nacido , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) negatively impact health-related determinants and increase the risk of physical dysfunction or chronic health issues. Inclusive sport practice can enhance social inclusion and fitness, benefiting overall person development and life quality. This study aimed to assess fitness level variation in athletes with and without ID before and after a 9-month inclusive (INC) and non-inclusive (N_INC) basketball training. 38 athletes with ID and 14 athletes without ID belonged to INC group, 38 athletes with ID belonged to N_INC group and 23 participants with ID belonged to the control group (CG). Before and after the intervention period, all participants performed anthropometric (body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage) and fitness tests (muscle strength and power, cardiovascular endurance, balance, flexibility, agility, movement speed, and coordination). ID and non-ID athletes of both INC and N_INC groups significantly improved in most of the tests (weight, balance, flexibility, muscle strength, endurance, agility, movement speed and coordination) while CG group significantly worsened weight, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, movement speed and coordination, after the intervention (p < 0.05). These findings showed that sport training improved fitness in athletes with ID, decreasing health risks. Moreover, involving in the same training group persons with and without disabilities, does not limit the beneficial effects that training induce on persons without ID and could be a valid way to promote both social inclusion and physical health of persons with ID.
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Atletas , Discapacidad Intelectual , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Masculino , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Baloncesto , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Psychological disparities impact physical activity and fitness in sedentary female college students by affecting cardiovascular efficiency. Ganoderma lucidum, vitality-enhancing herb alleviates health and rejuvenates the mind-body to improve endurance fitness. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel design study was conducted to determine whether supplementation of G. lucidum in daily dosages of 500 mg (GL500mg group) and 1000 mg (GL1000mg group) improves psychophysiological health capabilities during the different phases of the experimental trial. Analysis for pre-experimental trial (day 0), experimental trial (day 15), and post-experimental trial (after day 30) on anthropometric, psychological, physiological, and physical fitness parameters were executed. Seventy-eight participants (n = 78, age 20.64 ± 3.21 years) were assigned randomly and equally divided (n = 26) to one of the three treatment groups for intragroup and intergroup comparisons. Significant differences in the post-experimental GL1000mg group for heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), physical work capacity (PWC170), and right-hand grip strength (P < 0.05) compared with the placebo group were observed. GL1000mg-supplemented group also significantly improved (P < 0.05) HR, VO2max and PWC170 (P < 0.001) after pre- to post-trials. Experimental trial between placebo and GL1000mg group and post-experimental trial between the GL500mg and GL1000mg group showed significant changes in VO2max(P < 0.001) and PWC170 (P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, vitality and positive well-being scores significantly improved, leading to improved psychological well-being after GL1000mg supplementation. GL1000mg supplementation for 30 days might act as a longevity-promoting tonic for endurance and strength performance by ameliorating stress to improve the overall psychophysiological health, vitality and quality of life for better cardiovascular efficacy.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Aptitud Física , Reishi , Estrés Psicológico , Estudiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Reishi/química , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes/psicología , India , Método Doble Ciego , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Estrés Psicológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Adolescente , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza de la Mano , UniversidadesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To establish and validate the criterion-referenced standards of functional fitness in predicting physical independence in 80 + years. METHODS: A group of 2,749 older community dwellers (60-84 years) were recruited, and 2,050 were identified with moderate-to-high independent living ability according to the proposed minimum composite physical function score. The Senior Fitness Test battery was applied to measure functional fitness at five-year intervals. The declining rate for each fitness dimension was calculated based on the differences between any two adjacent age groups and was adjusted according to the reported degradation rate differences between the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. RESULTS: The age-and-sex-specific criterion-referenced standards were identified for muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and dynamic balance that older adults should possess at 60-79 to maintain independent living abilities. Moderate to high consistency (k = 0.622-0.650) and associations (φ = 0.641-0.694) were found between the predicted physical independence by criterion-referenced standards of functional fitness and the results from the composite physical function scale. Moreover, the predicted independent living abilities in later years from the criterion-referenced standards of functional fitness showed high test-retest reliability (Pa = 0.90-0.96). CONCLUSION: The criterion-referenced standards for functional fitness are valid and reliable to predict independent living abilities in later years, and provide the threshold to identify the limitations in physical fitness and detect the risks of functional disabilities among older adults in an early stage.
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Evaluación Geriátrica , Vida Independiente , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vida Independiente/tendencias , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Longitudinales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Fuerza Muscular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Despite the well-documented benefits of sprint interval training (SIT) and plyometric training (PT) in improving the physical fitness of soccer players, it remains unclear which of these training methods is superior for enhancing players' aerobic and anaerobic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of SIT and PT on physical performance measures of male soccer players. Thirty male soccer players were randomly assigned to PT (n = 10), SIT (n = 10), and an active control group (CON, n = 10). Before and after the training period, participants underwent a battery of tests consisting of vertical jump, Wingate, linear sprint with and without ball dribbling, change of direction, ball kick, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) tests. Both groups exhibited similar improvements in maximal kicking distance (PT, effect size [ES] = 0.68; SIT, ES = 0.92) and measures of aerobic fitness including maximum oxygen uptake (PT, ES = 1.24; SIT, ES = 1.26) and first (PT, ES = 0.85; SIT, ES = 1.08) and second (PT, ES = 0.86; SIT, ES = 0.98) ventilatory thresholds. However, PT intervention resulted in greater changes in vertical jump (ES = 1.72 vs. 0.82, p = 0.001), anaerobic power (peak power, ES = 1.62 vs. 0.97, p = 0.009; mean power, ES = 1.15 vs. 1.20, p = 0.05), linear speed (20-m, ES = -1.58 vs. -0.98, p = 0.038; 20-m with ball, ES = -0.93 vs. 0.71, p = 0.038), and change of direction ability (ES = -2.56 vs. -2.71, p = 0.046) than SIT. In conclusion, both PT and SIT demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing aerobic performance among male soccer players. However, PT yielded superior improvements in anaerobic power, vertical jump, linear speed, and change of direction performance compared to SIT. These findings suggest that PT may offer additional benefits beyond aerobic conditioning.
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Rendimiento Atlético , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Consumo de Oxígeno , Ejercicio Pliométrico , Fútbol , Humanos , Fútbol/fisiología , Masculino , Ejercicio Pliométrico/métodos , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad/métodos , Carrera/fisiología , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Aptitud Física/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to explore the impact of functional training on the physical fitness of young elite field hockey players. The study comprised 40 young elite male field hockey players with the following characteristics (mean ± SD age: 21.5 ± 0.8 years; height: 176.9 ± 2.6 cm; weight: 68.4 ± 5.1 kg; BMI: 21.8 ± 1.3; training experience: 51.2 ± 5.4 months). Twenty participants were allocated to two groups: the functional training group (FTG) and the control training group (CG). Each group received 60-minute training sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Generalized estimating equation analysis and a Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons were used to assess the intervention's efficacy. Before the start of the exercise program, no statistically significant differences were observed in physical fitness measures between the FTG and CG (p > 0.05). However, by the sixth week, a significant difference appeared in both the T-Agility test (p < 0.001) and endurance (p = 0.024) between the two groups, while no notable distinctions were detected in other fitness parameters (p > 0.05). After a 12-week training program, the FTG demonstrated improvements in all physical fitness measures [flexibility (p < 0.001); Illinois agility test (p < 0.001); T-agility test (p = 0.020); endurance (p < 0.001)] except speed, which exhibited no significant impact (p = 0.175). Notable enhancements in T-agility and endurance were evident after just six weeks of functional training, and a 12-week functional training regimen showed superiority over standard training approaches in young elite male field hockey players. These findings encourage the efficacy of functional training exercises over traditional methods in enhancing athletes' fitness parameters.
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Hockey , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Hockey/fisiología , Masculino , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Acondicionamiento Físico Humano/métodos , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes in physical fitness of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years from 1985 to 2019. Methods: Body size /composition and physical fitness indicators, including body height, weight, body mass index (BMI), speed, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), were selected from Chinese boys and girls aged 13-18 years from eight Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health from 1985 to 2019. Temporal changes in means were estimated by sample-weighted linear regression at the test × sex × age level, and national trends were estimated by a post-stratification population weighting procedure. Results: Overall mean body height, weight and BMI increased significantly for Chinese adolescents over 34 years. There was a small improvement for boys in speed (Effect size [ES] = -0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.44 ~ 0.02), a small improvement for boys in power (ES = 0.24, 95% CI = -0.20 ~ 0.69), a small improvement for girls in flexibility (ES = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.15 ~ 0.76), a moderate decline for boys (ES = -0.53 95% CI = -0.84 ~ -0.21) and a moderate improvement for girls (ES = 0.61, 95% CI = -0.03 ~ 1.26) in muscular endurance, and large declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) for boys (ES = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.64 ~ 1.21) and girls (ES = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.58 ~ 1.27) from 1985 to 2019. These trends in each component of fitness were more positive for adolescents aged 13-15 years than that of adolescents aged 16-18 years in both sexes, except for girls in flexibility. Conclusion: The decline in CRF was most pronounced among Chinese children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019, suggesting a future decline in population health that needs attention.
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Aptitud Física , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Aptitud Física/fisiología , China , Índice de Masa Corporal , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Understanding the impact of environmental factors on physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) is crucial for promoting a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents. This study examines how awareness of sports policies, school, family, and community environments influence PA and PF in Chinese youth. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2747 children and adolescents (mean age 12.90 ± 2.49; 48.2% male) from 17 schools across five Chinese cities. Environmental factors were assessed via questionnaires, and PA levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). PF metrics, including BMI, waist-to-height ratio, grip strength, vertical jump, and 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT), were measured onsite. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to explore relationships between environmental factors and PA/PF outcomes. RESULTS: The school environment scored highest (78.0 ± 9.5), while the community environment scored lowest (38.7 ± 18.0). Family environment positively influenced low-intensity PA (LPA) (ß = 0.102, P < 0.001) but negatively affected moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (ß = -0.055, P = 0.035). Community environment and awareness of sports policies positively impacted MVPA (ß = 0.216, P < 0.001; ß = 0.072, P = 0.009, respectively). Family environment positively influenced BMI reduction (ß = -0.103, P < 0.001) but negatively affected grip strength (ß = -0.063, P = 0.018). Community environment improved grip strength and 20-mSRT performance (ß = 0.088, P = 0.002; ß = 0.065, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: School environments, despite high scores, do not significantly impact PA and PF. Community environments, though scoring lower, positively affect MVPA, grip strength, and 20-mSRT. Awareness of sports policies boosts MVPA, while family environments support LPA and BMI but are inversely related to MVPA and grip strength. Integrated strategies involving community infrastructure, family support, and policy awareness are essential for promoting active lifestyles among children and adolescents.
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Ejercicio Físico , Aptitud Física , Instituciones Académicas , Deportes , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Niño , China , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Familia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Política de SaludRESUMEN
Background: Annual declines in university students' physical health have an impact on social stability and the nation's long-term growth. Parenting style, which is crucial to a child's growth and development, may have a big influence on physical health. This study delves into the effects of different parenting styles on the physical fitness of Chinese college students under gender differences. Methods: Through random allocation and stratified sampling methods, this study comprehensively investigated 3,151 undergraduate students (male = 1,365; female = 1786) with an average age of 18.44 years (SD = 1.46), from a university in Jiangsu Province, China. Parenting styles of college students were evaluated by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Physical fitness tests were based on the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standards including body mass index, lung capacity, standing-long-jump, bent-leg-sit-up, seated forward bend, pull-ups, 50 m sprint, and 800/1,000 m run. Further investigations focused on the relationship between parenting styles and physical health by statistical analysis methods such as Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: Significant differences were identified in gender, family members, and academic majors in most of the correlation indicators between different parenting styles and physical health among college students. Further analysis showed that the parenting styles of democratic and authoritative mothers and democratic fathers were more conducive to the promotion of physical health among female university students. The combination of a democratic fathering style and a permissive mothering style is considered an ideal parenting model for male students. Conclusion: This study confirmed that different parenting styles have a significant impact on the physical health of college students. Positive parenting styles may improve physical health, while negative ones are likely to have adverse effects, especially among female students. It is also important to notice differentiated parenting styles with respect to male and female university students. Therefore, more attention should be raised on parenting styles to enhance physical health of the student population.
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Responsabilidad Parental , Aptitud Física , Estudiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , China , Universidades , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Factores Sexuales , Relaciones Padres-HijoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between participation in fitness-related exercises (FRE) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) in adolescents and evaluate the interaction between physical exercise and nutritional status in this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 involving 799 adolescents (10-16 years old) from 14 public schools in Curitiba (PR), Brazil. BID was assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Silhouette Scale. The FRE was classified as "does not practice," "practices ≤300 min/week," and "practices >300 min/week" by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions, adjusted for sex, sexual maturation, and nutritional status analyzed the association of FRE and BID. RESULTS: The BID prevalence was 28.3%; 52.4% of the adolescents wanted to reduce their silhouettes; and 48.7% did not practice FRE. Adolescents who practiced FRE >300 min/week had a 28% higher prevalence for some level of BID (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.08-1.52) and a 46% lower chance of wanting to reduce silhouettes (OR 0.54; 95%CI 0.35-0.82), compared to nonpractitioners. There was no interaction between FRE and nutritional status in association with BID. CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents who practice FRE >300 min/week are likely to have some level of BID and are less likely to report the desire to increase their silhouettes, regardless of their nutritional status.
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Insatisfacción Corporal , Ejercicio Físico , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Brasil , Femenino , Masculino , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Insatisfacción Corporal/psicología , Niño , Aptitud Física/psicología , Estado Nutricional , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The university period is a critical stage of personal development, and improving the physical fitness of university students is crucial to their academic performance, quality of life, and future. However, in recent years, the physical fitness level of Chinese university students has shown a decreasing trend. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a blended learning model on the physical fitness of Chinese university students through a 16-week intervention. METHODS: A total of 78 first-year students from a public university in Henan Province were recruited for this study via a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) design. The participants were divided into an experimental group (blended learning) and a control group (traditional learning). The intervention lasted for 16 weeks, and physical fitness indices such as body mass index (BMI), lung capacity, sit and reach, pull-ups/sit-ups, standing long jumps, 50-meter runs, and 1000/800-meter runs were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses were conducted via generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling, with the significance level set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Both learning models significantly improved students' physical fitness after 16 weeks. However, the blended learning model resulted in more significant improvements in lung capacity, sit and reach, pull-ups/sit-ups, standing long jumps, and 50-meter runs (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of BMI or 1000/800-meter run. CONCLUSIONS: The 16-week blended learning model effectively promoted physical fitness among university students, especially in terms of their lung capacity, flexibility, strength and speed.
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Baloncesto , Aptitud Física , Estudiantes , Humanos , Masculino , Universidades , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , China , Femenino , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Baloncesto/fisiología , Modelos Educacionales , AdolescenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health-related physical fitness (HRPF) attributes are considered important markers beneficial to various health outcomes. However, the literature is divergent regarding HRPF and bone health in adulthood, especially due to the end of the second and beginning of the third decades of life when the peak bone mass period occurs. OBJECTIVE: To analyze which HRPF variables are areal bone mineral density (aBMD) predictors in adult males and females. METHODS: This study evaluated 137 healthy young adults aged 18-25 years (50% males). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate fat mass and lean mass and aBMD, hand grip strength test, sit-ups test, flexibility test, lower limb muscle strength and 20-meter run were used to evaluate physical fitness. Multiple linear regression using the backward method was used to analyze bone mineral density predictors by sex. RESULTS: HRPF indicators showed correlations from R = 0.28 in the right femoral neck aBMD to R = 0.61 in the upper limbs aBMD in males; in females, correlations from R = 0.27 in total body aBMD to R = 0.68 in the lower limbs aBMD were found. In males, body mass and HRPF indicators were aBMD predictors with HRPF indicators explaining variance from R²=0.214 in the lumbar spine to R²=0.497 in the upper limbs, and in females, with the exception of the lumbar spine, variance from R²=0.237 in the right femoral neck aBMD to R²=0.442 in the lower limbs aBMD was found. CONCLUSION: Health-related physical fitness components were able to predict aBMD in different anatomical regions in young adults, especially muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness indicators for males, while only lean mass and fat mass for females.
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Absorciometría de Fotón , Densidad Ósea , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Adolescente , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Composición Corporal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Physical and mental health play an important role in managing and characterizing a person's quality of life (QOL) and physical activity is proposed as one of the ways to improve QOL and well-being. This study aimed to quantify the effect of different fitness training programs and frequency on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The percentage of participants with high levels of fitness is higher among men than women. There is an association between the level of PF activity and age. Ðs expected, PF activity is lower in the elderly compared to the younger and middle-aged participants. From the HRQOL domains, low general health and mental health scores. High and medium-frequency training can presumably help improve the total quality of life scores, as well as scores for Physical and Mental components, significantly affecting domains PF, GH, VT, RE and MH. To improve the SF domain, high-frequency training is preferable. These results can become important for the implementation of programs aimed at improving the HRQOL of the population.
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Aptitud Física , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Aptitud Física/psicología , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Salud Mental , Anciano , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
Constitutional issues raised by college students have received increasing domestic attention. At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic caused students to take online classes at home, and their physical conditions worsened. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the physical fitness test data collected in 2019 and 2020 year, identify existing problems, and explore feasible methods to improve the physical fitness test scores of college students. This article uses inspection, mathematical statistics, logical analysis and other methods to analyze and discuss the physical examination data of college students in 2019 and 2020 and analyze various data of university students. Specific events include height, weight, body mass index, 50 meters, cardio, long jump, Through research, analysis and suggestions aimed at improving the current students' weight and health status, we will promote the physical and mental health development of students and provide a systematic and scientific basis for student health intervention.
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COVID-19 , Aptitud Física , Estudiantes , Humanos , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Universidades , SARS-CoV-2 , Femenino , Masculino , Peso Corporal , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a burdensome disorder associated with lower quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Veterans are particularly at risk for PTSD resulting from experiencing traumatic events during military service. Current treatments for PTSD often fail to remediate symptoms and are associated with high dropout rates; therefore, complementary and integrative health approaches, such as yoga, are being considered to treat PTSD-related symptoms. The present study investigated the feasibility of a 12-week, 1-hour/week, in-person, trauma-informed mindful resilience yoga intervention for improving PTSD symptom severity and secondary psychological outcomes (e.g., physical and mental health, sleep, mindfulness, and self-efficacy), physiological health-related fitness outcomes (e.g., body composition and muscular strength), and physical activity outcomes (e.g., accelerometry) in a sample of veterans with PTSD. Results demonstrated the intervention to be feasible, with 12 participants (9 male, 3 female; mean age 50.3) completing the program (10 participants completed ≥ 75% of the 12 sessions). Statistically significant improvement was demonstrated in the "nonjudging of inner experience" aspect of mindfulness (p = 0.005, d = 1.280). Although not considered statistically significant (p > 0.008), the majority of outcomes demonstrated trending improvement from pre- to postintervention, with small to large Cohen's d effect sizes. The novelty of this study is represented by the trending improvements in physiological health-related fitness outcomes, with lean mass and handgrip strength demonstrating small effect sizes (d = 0.243 and d = 0.267, respectively). Our results extend the existing literature on the feasibility and potential effectiveness of yoga as a complementary or integrative therapy for PTSD in the veteran population.
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Estudios de Factibilidad , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Veteranos , Yoga , Humanos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/fisiopatología , Veteranos/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Aptitud Física , Atención Plena/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under the age of five has emerged as a significant issue in recent years. Physical activity and fitness among children and adolescents have declined globally in the past few decades. Studies have indicated a link between levels of physical activity and cognitive performance in preschool children. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of three different types of physical education programmes on the physical fitness and emotional competence of 239 preschoolers(mean age = 5.49 ± 0.60 years, 54.4% boys)in Haikou, China. The preschoolers were grouped based on which programme they were assigned to: the "Hello Sunshine" ball skills programme (HS group), ordinary physical education (OPE group), and free play (FP group). The "Hello Sunshine" ball skills programme used both a structured curriculum design and autonomous activity selection during outdoor time., which were conducive to children's physical fitness.The National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual and the shortened version of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30) were used to assess physical fitness and emotional competence, respectively. These assessments were conducted both before and after the ten-week intervention period. The analysis utilised a mixed-effects model for physical fitness and a mixed-model ANOVA for the SCBE data. RESULTS: The HS group and OPE group demonstrated significantly improvement in the standing long jump, 10-m shuttle run and balance beam walking than the FP group; meanwhile, only anxious-withdrawal levels showed a significant grouping effect and group-by-time interaction effect. After the intervention, both the HS group and the FP group showed significantly lower scores for anxiety compared to the OPE group, with no significant difference observed between the HS and FP groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that structured ball skills programmes may promote physical fitness and reduce anxiety. The integration of effective physical exercise programmes into preschool curricula holds the potential for promoting holistic development.