RESUMEN
Epilepsy is a frequent chronic and genetic brain disease. In diagnose of genetic and craniofacial disease, the face is one of the gold standard phenotypic features. This study was carried out to determine the angle and linear measurements of face region in Turkish healthy and epilepsy subjects, and to apply a feature selection method to identify the most important attributes that affect epilepsy decision. The retrospective and observational study was conducted with 120 subjects with epilepsy aged between 18 to 60 years (56 males; 64 females) and 60 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 55 years (29 males, 31 females). Pyramidal angle performed from 3 reference points, nasal bone length, the width of piriform aperture, nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, distance between glabella and nasion were measured on computed tomography. Also, we used supervised machine learning to learn classification models to detect epilepsy as our dataset has class label where 1 means epilepsy, 2 means healthy. The well-known classification model learning algorithms implemented in Weka (with version 3.8.6) machine learning toolkit were applied. All parameters excluding nasal bone length were higher in epilepsy patients than in healthy subjects. Also, there was a significant difference in nasal pyramidal angle nasal bone, nasal pyramidal angle nasal tip, piriform aperture, and nasal bone lengths between epilepsy and healthy subjects. However, age related changes for healthy subjects were no seen in healthy subjects. In epilepsy subjects there was a significant difference in 6 measurements all nasal pyramidal angles, piriform aperture width, nasofrontal angle, and nasolabial angle. Gender related changes were found in only nasal pyramidal angle nasal root and nasal bone of healthy subjects, in nasal pyramidal angle nasal bone, nasal bone length, nasofrontal angle of epilepsy subjects. We can say epilepsy may affect the some facial parameters and these, although anthropometric measurements are affected by age and gender parameters. Comprehensive knowledge of this region's normal references ranges is essential for planning, proper selection of silicone implants or osteotomy determining the limitations of the surgical field and minimizing the risk of complication and performing aesthetic facial surgery or rhinoplasty in epilepsy patients.
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Antropometría , Epilepsia , Nariz , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagen , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Antropometría/métodos , Cara/diagnóstico por imagen , Cara/anatomía & histología , Hueso Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , TurquíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and sarcopenia significantly increase the risk of intra-hospital delirium, particularly among older adults. Given the potential correlation between calf circumference (CC) and these conditions, CC emerges as a promising predisposing factor for delirium. This study aims to investigate the independent association between delirium and anthropometric parameters, focusing on evaluating CC's predictive capacity for intra-hospital delirium risk. Additionally, it aims to compare CC's predictive performance with the widely used Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), while also considering potential gender disparities. METHODS: This is a retrospective study which enrolled patients aged ≥ 65 years from September 2021 to March 2022 at the Padova Hospital (Italy). Physical characteristics, intra-hospital delirium incidence, and body composition were assessed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the 2019 European Consensus criteria. RESULTS: Among 207 subjects, delirium affected 19% of patients. CC showed a significant association with intra-hospital delirium among the analyzed anthropometric parameters. ROC curves indicated that CC's predictive capacity for delirium onset was comparable to MNA (p = 0.98), particularly in women. In a multivariable logistic regression model, female gender and higher cognitive and CC scores emerged as protective factors against delirium onset, with each unit increase in CC associated with a 24% reduction in the odds of delirium. Conversely, sarcopenia did not significantly influence delirium onset. CONCLUSIONS: CC shows promise as a predisposing factor for intra-hospital delirium, similar to MNA, albeit with significant gender differences. CC could serve as a valuable tool for assessing delirium risk among female patients. Further validation of these findings is necessary through larger-scale studies.
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Delirio , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Delirio/epidemiología , Delirio/diagnóstico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores Sexuales , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Pierna , Factores de Riesgo , Italia/epidemiología , Evaluación Nutricional , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Antropometría/métodos , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Desnutrición/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Waist-related measures are commonly used to classify central adiposity and related comorbidities. This classification may be essential among children, as it may identify the risk of future non-communicable diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa, among 459 primary school learners aged 9-14 years. Height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured using standardised techniques recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were computed and evaluated. RESULTS: Most participants were girls (57.70%) with an average age of 11.20 ± 1.60 years. The average weight was 38.81 kg ± 10.49 kg with an average height of 144.16 (standard deviation [s.d.] = 10.37) cm. The sample had a BMI of 18.41 kg/m2 (s.d. = 3.19). The results showed, on average, WC of 62.10 cm ± 8.12 cm, WHR of 0.82 ± 0.15 and WHtR of 0.44 ± 0.05. Girls reported significantly higher BMI, WC and WHtR. Based on WHtR, the results showed the acceptable ability to classify children according to abdominal obesity, thus identifying their risk for comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Overall body fat indicated by BMI and central obesity shown by waist-related anthropometric measures can play a significant role in classifying children in terms of their risk of comorbidities.Contribution: To prevent the risks of metabolic diseases in childhood, it is necessary to detect abdominal obesity early using WC-based anthropometric measurements, especially WHtR, to identify those at risk.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Comorbilidad , Obesidad Abdominal , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Adolescente , Obesidad Abdominal/epidemiología , Antropometría/métodos , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Relación Cintura-Estatura , Adiposidad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Anthropometric prevalence indicators such as stunting, wasting, and underweight are widely-used population-level tools used to track trends in childhood nutrition. Threats to the validity of these data can lead to erroneous decision making and improper allocation of finite resources intended to support some of the world's most vulnerable populations. It has been demonstrated previously that aggregated prevalence rates for these indicators can be highly sensitive to biases in the presence of non-directional measurement errors, but the quantitative relationship between the contributing factors and the scale of this bias has not been fully described. In this work, a Monte Carlo simulation exercise was performed to generate high-statistics z-score distributions with a wide range of mean and standard deviation parameters relevant to the populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). With the important assumption that the distribution's standard deviation should be close to 1.0 in the absence of non-directional measurement errors, the shift in prevalence rate due to this common challenge is calculated and explored. Assuming access to a given z-score distribution's mean and standard deviation values, this relationship can be used to evaluate the potential scale of prevalence bias for both historical and modern anthropometric indicator results. As a demonstration of the efficacy of this exercise, the bias scale for a set of 21 child anthropometry datasets collected in LMIC contexts is presented.
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Antropometría , Humanos , Antropometría/métodos , Prevalencia , Preescolar , Lactante , Método de Montecarlo , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Sesgo , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Delgadez/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition variability assessed by bioimpedance in relation to nutritional status assessed by anthropometry in children and adolescents living in countries characterized by contrasting nutritional conditions. METHODS: The sample was comprised of 8614 children (4245 males; 4369 females), aged 3 to 19 years, from Nepal (477 children), Uganda (488 children and adolescents), UK (297 children and adolescents) and US (7352 children and adolescents). Height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age (BAZ) z-scores were calculated according to WHO growth references. Specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) was used to evaluate body composition variability. In each population sample, the relationship of HAZ and BAZ with bioelectrical outcomes was analysed by confidence ellipses and cubic spline regression, controlling for sex and age. RESULTS: The participants from Uganda and Nepal were more affected by undernutrition, and those from the US and UK by obesity. In all groups, phase angle and specific vector length were weakly associated with HAZ, with null or opposite relationships in the different samples, whereas they were positively associated with BAZ. The stronger association was between vector length, indicative of the relative content of fat mass, and BAZ in the UK and US samples. Confidence ellipses showed that the relationships are more strongly related to phase angle in Nepalese and Ugandan samples. CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectrical values were more strongly associated with BAZ than HAZ values in all population samples. Variability was more related to markers of muscle mass in Ugandan and Nepalese samples and to indicators of fat mass in UK and US samples. Specific BIVA can give information on the variability of body composition in malnourished individuals.
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Antropometría , Composición Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Impedancia Eléctrica , Desnutrición , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Uganda , Adolescente , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Nepal , Reino Unido , Antropometría/métodos , Estados Unidos , Estatura , Obesidad/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Early-life family meal participation has been associated with several aspects of nutritional health, but longitudinal associations with linear growth have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether family meal participation at 12 months of age associates with anthropometric measures 3 years later. We used follow-up data from children born to mothers in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery trial (NFFD) and included 368 first-borns with dietary and anthropometric data at 12 months and 4 years of age. We treated the sample as a cohort and conducted subgroup analyses by randomization status. A family meal participation score was used as exposure, and weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) as outcomes in crude and multivariable linear regression models adjusted for maternal education, randomization status, and child sex.Higher family meal participation score at 12 months was positively associated with length at 12 months (B = 0.198, 95% CI 0.028, 0.367, p = 0.022) and 4 years (B = 0.283, 95% CI 0.011, 0.555, p = 0.042) in multivariable models. After additional adjustment for maternal height the associations attenuated and were no longer significant. An inverse association with BMI at 4 years of age was observed in children born to mothers that had been exposed to the NFFD intervention (B = -0.144, 95% CI -0.275, -0.014, p = 0.030), but attenuated after adjustment for maternal BMI.The longitudinal association observed between early family meal participation and child height was largely explained by maternal height. The relationship with BMI differed according to maternal participation in a lifestyle intervention trial during pregnancy.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Comidas , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Preescolar , Lactante , Antropometría/métodos , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Noruega , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Adulto , FamiliaRESUMEN
Body weight, body mass index (BMI), Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are among vital nutrition status indices employed during cancer treatment. These have also been associated with levels of blood chemistry panels (BCPs), which are touted as significant indicators of disease prognosis. However, it remains unclear which nutrition status index better predicts future trends in specific BCPs. Using the records of 407 cancer patients, we retrospectively examined the potential of nutritional status indices at baseline for predicting changes in specific BCPs over a 6-week period. Generally, both serum biochemical parameters and nutrition status indices fluctuated over the study period among study participants. PNI was often linearly associated with blood cell counts (white blood cells [WBCs] and hemoglobin) compared with anthropometric-based nutrition status indices. Increase in body weight was protective against having abnormal lymphocyte levels at 6 weeks (odds ratio [OR]: 0.960-0.974; CI: 0.935-0.997; P < 0.05), while increase in baseline PNI was associated with 0.865-0.941 and 0.675-0.915 odds of having future abnormal WBC and lymphocyte levels, respectively. Increases in PNI were also protective against having future abnormal albumin levels (OR: 0.734-0.886) and 8.5-12.5% decreases in the odds of having an abnormal C-reactive protein level in subsequent visits. Changes in NRS2002 tended to be associated with the odds of having future abnormal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the serum biochemistry-derived nutrition status index, PNI, is a more consistent measure as an early indicator to track the trends of future changes in the BCPs of cancer patients. This implies that PNI could be targeted as an early-warning measure with relevant preventive interventions for patients at risk of malnutrition.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Neoplasias , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Anciano , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Antropometría/métodos , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Recuento de LeucocitosRESUMEN
This study evaluates the accuracy and repeatability of craniofacial measurements with a 3D light scanner, specifically the EINSTAR scanner, in comparison to traditional caliper measurements for facial anthropometry. Eleven volunteers were assessed by two examiners, one experienced and one inexperienced, who performed direct caliper measurements and indirect measurements using the scanner. Results indicated minimal differences between caliper and scanner results, with overall high accuracy and reliability demonstrated by correlation coefficients. Despite the slightly longer scanning time, the benefits of 3D imaging, including detailed surface mapping and virtual modeling, justify its integration into clinical practice, particularly in maxillofacial surgery and craniofacial assessment. Craniofacial measurements obtained with the EINSTAR scanner showed excellent reliability and accuracy, which qualifies this method for clinical and scientific use.
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Antropometría , Cara , Imagenología Tridimensional , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Cara/anatomía & histología , Cara/diagnóstico por imagen , Antropometría/métodos , Antropometría/instrumentación , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The allometric body shape index (ABSI) and hip index (HI), as well as multi-trait body shape phenotypes, have not yet been compared in their associations with inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between novel and traditional anthropometric indexes with inflammation using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and UK Biobank cohorts. METHODS: Participants from EPIC (n = 17,943, 69.1% women) and UK Biobank (n = 426,223, 53.2% women) with data on anthropometric indexes and C-reactive protein (CRP) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. A subset of women in EPIC also had at least one measurement for interleukins, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, leptin, and adiponectin. Four distinct body shape phenotypes were derived by a principal component (PC) analysis on height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist (WC) and hip circumferences (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). PC1 described overall adiposity, PC2 tall with low WHR, PC3 tall and centrally obese, and PC4 high BMI and weight with low WC and HC, suggesting an athletic phenotype. ABSI, HI, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip index (WHI) were also calculated. Linear regression models were carried out separately in EPIC and UK Biobank stratified by sex and adjusted for age, smoking status, education, and physical activity. Results were additionally combined in a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Traditional anthropometric indexes, particularly BMI, WC, and weight were positively associated with CRP levels, in men and women. Body shape phenotypes also showed distinct associations with CRP. Specifically, PC2 showed inverse associations with CRP in EPIC and UK Biobank in both sexes, similarly to height. PC3 was inversely associated with CRP among women, whereas positive associations were observed among men. CONCLUSIONS: Specific indexes of body size and body fat distribution showed differential associations with inflammation in adults. Notably, our results suggest that in women, height may mitigate the impact of a higher WC and HC on inflammation. This suggests that subtypes of adiposity exhibit substantial variation in their inflammatory potential, which may have implications for inflammation-related chronic diseases.
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Biomarcadores , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Antropometría/métodos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Inflamación , Fenotipo , Estudios Prospectivos , Biobanco del Reino Unido , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To acutely enhance muscle size and definition, carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols are commonly implemented by bodybuilders in the week before competition. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a bodybuilding CHO-loading protocol on anthropometry. Four dieting males engaging in resistance training (RT) with very low body fat participated in this randomized crossover trial. Each experimental period consisted of data collection on days one, four, and five corresponding to baseline, postdepletion, and postloading phases, respectively. During depletion, a standardized RT regimen and diet was followed. This diet was maintained on day 4 with the addition of placebo (PLA) or CHO drinks which contained 9 g/kg BM CHO for postloading data collection on day 5. Body mass (BM), skinfold thickness (SF), and ultrasound muscle thickness (MT) were obtained with descriptive data at both group and individual level calculated. From baseline, BM, SF, and MT mostly decreased in both conditions following depletion. All outcomes then increased from postdepletion following CHO-loading (BM: +0.8%, SF: +1.1%, MT: +2.9%) but not with PLA. Comparing to baseline, postloading changes were greater with CHO (BM: +0.3%, SF: -2.3%, MT: +2.1%) than PLA (BM: -0.9%, SF: -0.5%, MT: -0.8%). Individual differences in response to each phase were also observed. Group level changes seemingly favor CHO-loading; however, it is difficult to judge whether these changes are practically meaningful as they may not be large enough to exceed measurement error and daily biological fluctuations. Before implementation, coaches and competitors should consider individualizing protocols through precompetition testing and visually assessing changes in physique.
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Antropometría , Estudios Cruzados , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Antropometría/métodos , Adulto Joven , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Músculo Esquelético , Grosor de los Pliegues Cutáneos , Composición Corporal , Dieta de Carga de Carbohidratos/métodos , Levantamiento de Peso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Studies on anthropometric measurements, one of the methods used in determining the occlusal vertical dimension, have been limited to the evaluation of only a few facial and hand parameters. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the possible relationships between all facial and hand measurements reported in the literature and assumed to be correlated with the occlusal vertical dimension and reveal their proportional relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a total of 271 participants, 136 women (30.37 ±8.09 years) and 135 men (30.42 ±8.49 years). A total of 36 measurements, including 4 occlusal vertical dimensions and 24 facial and 8 hand measurements, were obtained for each participant. Measurements were obtained directly from the soft tissue landmarks of the participants using 4 digital vernier calipers (Accud Digital Caliper; Accud), each designed for a different purpose. The normality of the parameters was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, and the relationships between the parameters were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis (α=.05). Simple and multivariate linear regression analyses were also performed. Correlation coefficients were categorized as strong (r≥0.6), moderate (0.6>r>0.3), and weak (r≤0.3). Moreover, regression formulas were established for strongly correlated parameters. RESULTS: Facial and hand measurements that showed strong correlations with occlusal vertical dimension measurements were the distance between the pupil of the eyes, the pupil of the eye-to-cheilion, sellion-to-stomion, sellion-to-labiale inferius, stomion-to-pogonion, meatus-to-exocanthion, and exocanthion-to-cheilion distances and the 4-finger width measurement between the index and little fingers. CONCLUSIONS: Certain anthropometric facial and hand measurements and regression formulas derived from the parameters that revealed strong correlations can be used to determine the occlusal vertical dimension.
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Antropometría , Cara , Dimensión Vertical , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Cara/anatomía & histología , Antropometría/métodos , Oclusión Dental , Mano/anatomía & histología , CefalometríaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Anthropometric measurement provides a simple, noninvasive approach to evaluate obesity in pregnant women. We aimed to develop a predictive model utilizing anthropometric index for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most common obesity-related complications during pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective cohort of 4709 women was enrolled in Qingdao, China. Logistic regression model was constructed to determine the association of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the first trimester (<14 weeks' gestation) with GDM. The discrimination ability for GDM was assessed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Delong tests were performed to compare AUC values between different measures. RESULTS: The GDM incidence was 19.50%. GDM risk increased with VAT during early pregnancy, and the risk increased by 117% (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.23-2.83) to 326% (OR = 4.26, 95% CI: 2.29-7.91) in pregnant women with the second quartile or above after adjusting for confounders (all p<.05). Combined index using VAT and BMI demonstrated superior predictive power for GDM compared with BMI alone (p<.05), but didn't differ from VAT (p>.05). Overall, VAT was positively correlated with GDM occurrence, outperforming BMI, WHR, WHtR and SAT in the predicative model. A first-trimester VAT cutoff of 27.05 mm might be promising for GDM risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester routine ultrasound screening may facilitate earlier identification and intervention of GDM. Pregnant women with VAT above the optimal threshold (27.05 mm) might benefit from targeted GDM monitoring.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Diabetes Gestacional , Obesidad , Humanos , Femenino , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Embarazo , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , China/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Factores de Riesgo , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Relación Cintura-Estatura , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Antropometría/métodos , Estudios de Cohortes , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: Challenges and threats to global security and the growing demands of today's society lead to significantly increased exposure to stress. Stress can negatively affect numerous physiological processes, including metabolic changes. An unhealthy lifestyle might intensify this disruption. The aim of the systematic review was to establish the effect of psychological stress on metabolic and anthropometric factors in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines; and the risk of bias (ROB) assessment was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted using specific search terms. Results: We identified 32 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for the review with the different experimental designs and aims. Most of the papers were at high ROB. The included studies were conducted in groups of adults and children/teenagers. The most-often-applied tool to measure stress severity was the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Twenty-two studies analyzed the connection between stress and body composition, and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was the most often used method. For biological parameters, the most frequently analyzed was cortisol (n = 9). The other examined factors included glucose, insulin, parameters related to food intake regulation, carbohydrates, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The included studies were incompliance in relation to the assessment method and type of assessed biological fluids. Conclusions: The vast majority of studies do not support the effect of chronic distress on anthropometric measurements and biological markers levels. However, many of them suggest adverse, synergistic effects of unhealthy lifestyle patterns and the stress on the examined variables. Further experiments should implement a similar and repeatable methodology.
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Antropometría , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Antropometría/métodos , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Hidrocortisona/sangreRESUMEN
This study aimed to summarize our experience with modified drilling epiphysiodesis and prediction methods for accurate timing of surgery and to compare the results with those of recent work by other authors. The Macnicol and Gupta modified drilling technique was used. Distal femoral and/or proximal tibial permanent epiphysiodesis was performed in 42 children (21 boys, 21 girls; median age at surgery=12.6 years, age range=9.4-15.4 years) between 2004 and 2016. Based on the groundwork of previous studies, we developed an auxological prediction method. The limb length discrepancy (LLD) was assessed by clinical examination and verified by an x-ray of the hips when standing with blocks under the shorter leg. The predicted shortening was 2.7 cm ± 1.1 cm. The final discrepancy after finishing skeletal growth was 0.5 ± 0.5 cm. In 26 patients (61.9%), equalization of both legs was achieved (0-0.5 cm). In 4 patients (9.5%), the remaining shortening was more than 1.0 cm. Shortening of an initially longer leg occurred in two patients (0.5 cm and 0.6 cm). Failure of growth plate arrest was observed in 1 patient. In another 3 patients, the efficacy of tibial epiphysiodesis was unsatisfactory. Minor complications occurred in 5 cases, but there was no evidence of angular deformity in the frontal and sagittal planes or proximal fibula overgrowth. Three patients (7.1%) returned to the operating room. Compared to published data, more patients achieved complete equalization of leg length. The results of this study verified the accuracy of the auxological prediction algorithm of LLD based on Shapiro's findings. The surgical outcome is comparable between Shapiro patterns 1 and 3. Auxological examination, assessment of bone age, and sexual maturation are crucial tools for accurate timing of surgery.
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Epífisis , Fémur , Diferencia de Longitud de las Piernas , Humanos , Diferencia de Longitud de las Piernas/cirugía , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Epífisis/cirugía , Fémur/cirugía , Tibia/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Radiografía/métodos , Antropometría/métodosRESUMEN
The article provides a description of the clinical application of the authors' method of quantitative assessment of the degree of severity of glossoptosis based on clinical and X-ray anthropometric indicators (predictors). In the presentation of the scale for assessing clinical predictors (head position, shape of the palate, frenulum of the tongue, posture of the tongue by dr. John Mew, size of the palate), functional predictors (functional test with a bucket of water, index of degree of difficulty of tracheal intubation by dr. Seshagiri Rao Mallampati, degree of tongue elevation impairment for dr. S. Zaghi), X-ray - anthropometric indicators, (assessment of the position of the hyoid cyst along the C3-RGn line, type of slit growth). Each predictor was assessed by the number of scores. The sum of points according to all criteria indicated the level of importance of glossoptosis: mild severity - 0-20 points; moderate severity - 21-48 points; severe - 49 - 76 points. The algorithm for assessing the stage of glossoptosis is illustrated with a clinical case. The aim of the study - to improve the diagnosis of glossoptosis by determining clinical and X-ray anthropometric predictors of quantitative assessment of its severity. Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of literature data and our own clinical studies, we have developed a methodology for the quantitative assessment of glossoptosis based on clinical and X-ray anthropometric predictors, namely: clinical predictors (head position, palate shape, tongue frenulum, tongue posture according to John Mew, the size of the palatine tonsils), functional predictors (functional test with a sip of water, the difficulty index of tracheal intubation according to Mallampati, the degree of tongue elevation according to S. Zaghi), X-ray - anthropometric predictors (estimation of the position of the hyoid bone relative to the C3-RGn line, type jaw growth) Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of special literature over the last 10 years and the conducted own clinical and additional examinations of 168 patients, a method of quantitative assessment of the severity of glossoptosis based on clinical and X-ray anthropometric indicators (predictors) was developed. It allows not only to detect the presence of glossoptosis, but also to quantitatively assess its severity: light - 0-20 points; average - 21-48 points; difficult - 49 - 76 points. What will allow us to plan orthodontic treatment, individualize myofunctional correction programs and motivate parents for successful cooperation with the doctor during the active period and during the retention period.
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Glosoptosis , Lengua , Humanos , Lengua/diagnóstico por imagen , Lengua/patología , Masculino , Glosoptosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Glosoptosis/patología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Antropometría/métodos , Radiografía , Adulto , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Aim: To substantiate the methodology for assessing the biological age of adolescent high schoolers (boys and girls). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Boys aged 14-15 (n = 102) and girls aged 12-13 (n = 101) were studied. The choice of these age groups is explained by the presence of the most significant individual differences in morphological and functional characteristics in these adolescents. Methods: anthropometry, somatometry, somatoscopy, tonometry, spirometry, dynamometry, Stange's test, Rufier and Robinson indices. The interaction of the results of different methods of assessing biological age was conducted on one sex-age sample using factor analysis (principal components method). RESULTS: Results: It has been established that the biological age of adolescents can be reliably determined using a set of three components: an assessment of the level of physical development, the index of heterochronicity, and the degree of manifestation of secondary sexual characteristics (for boys with a probability of 90.2 %, for girls - 92.1 %). The percentage ratio of these components has sexual peculiarities. Methodologies for assessing biological age for scientific purposes and rapid assessment for use in the practice of physical education and sports have been proposed. The indicators of rapid assessment are body length and the degree of hair development in the axilla. The reliability of the rapid assessment is 81.4 % for boys and 83.2 % for girls. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Developing adequate physical activities for adolescents of different biological ages will help improve the physical health of the younger generation.
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Antropometría , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Antropometría/métodos , Niño , Desarrollo del AdolescenteRESUMEN
Almost 90% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are obese. Obesity increases the risk of developing DM2 several times. The calculation of anthropometric indices is used to diagnose the severity of obesity, as well as to assess the risk associated with obesity. The aim of the study is to study the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference to hip circumference ratio (waist-to-hip ratio, WC/HR), Body Roundness Index (BRI) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) with the risk of hypoglycemia in elderly and senile patients with DM2. The study included 122 elderly and senile patients (mean age 71±6,18 years) with DM2. The study participants were divided into 2 groups: patients with cases of hypoglycemia (n=65) and patients without a history of hypoglycemia (n=57). We have found that lower BMI, WC/HR, BRI, and VAI values are significantly associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia in patients with DM2 of older age groups.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipoglucemia , Obesidad , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Hipoglucemia/epidemiología , Hipoglucemia/diagnóstico , Hipoglucemia/etiología , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Circunferencia de la Cintura/fisiología , Factores de Riesgo , Antropometría/métodos , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to conduct a thorough characterization of hand morphology. Employing a 2D geometric morphometric approach, we scrutinize individual fingers and the palm, delineating the ontogenetic trajectories for each biological sex and investigating the alterations that take place at various stages of human development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of thirty-two 2D anatomical landmarks were assessed in a sex-balanced sample of human hands (F = 275, M = 250 males), spanning all stages of human development. Following Procrustes registration, the data on size and shape for individual fingers and the palm were examined for each biological sex and age group. Regression analysis was utilized to quantify ontogenetic trajectories for each biological sex. RESULTS: The findings suggest a gradual escalation in sexual dimorphism throughout human development, with statistically noteworthy distinctions becoming apparent in size starting at the age of 3, and in shape from the age of 7 onwards. Additionally, our analyses uncover a distinctive sigmoid pattern between sexes, indicating that biological male hands exhibit a sturdier build compared to biological female hands from early childhood onward. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study enriches our insights into sexual dimorphism in human hands, stressing the importance of considering both size and shape across different ontogenetic stages. These findings not only expand our understanding of human biological variation but also lay the foundation for future interdisciplinary research in diverse scientific domains.
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Mano , Caracteres Sexuales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Mano/anatomía & histología , Mano/crecimiento & desarrollo , Preescolar , Lactante , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Antropología Física/métodos , Recién Nacido , Antropometría/métodos , Dedos/anatomía & histología , Dedos/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify practical methods that could enable the effective identification of MetS based on anthropometric indices. The basis of our study involved retrospective database obtained from routine medical prophylactic examinations. This was a cross-sectional study on the health status of male workers employed in hazardous working conditions at industrial enterprises in the Ural region conducted in 2019. A total of 347 male workers employed under hazardous working conditions were investigated. The presence of MetS was established by a healthcare professional in accordance with the guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between anthropometric indices and MetS incidence. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios of MetS in relation to increases in anthropometric indices. ROC curves were calculated to compare the ability of each anthropometric index to predict MetS and to determine the diagnostic thresholds of the indicators considered. According to the IDF criteria, 36.3% of the workers had MetS. A direct relationship was found between the individual components of MetS and the anthropometric indices studied. The highest OR was shown by the Body Roundness Index (BRI) of 2.235 (95% CI 1.796-2.781). For different age quartiles, the optimal cut-off values for predicting MetS were as follows: BRI, 4.1-4.4 r.u.; body shape index (ABSI), 0.080-0.083 m11/6 kg-2/3; and lipid accumulation product (LAP), 49.7-70.5 cm mmol/l. The most significant associations with MetS were observed where the values were greater than these cut-off points (Se = 97.4%). The results of this study demonstrated the rapid use of new anthropometric indicators, which have shown good predictive ability and are quite easy to use.
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Antropometría , Síndrome Metabólico , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Antropometría/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Industrias , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Anthropometric studies of the scapula have been rare in Spanish populations, nevertheless they are of current interest in forensic anthropology for estimation of sex. Although the estimation of sex is usually carried out on the pelvis and skull, other measurements related to the scapula can be helpful when the skeletal remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis development is influenced, among others, by the morphology of the scapula, which is one of the less studied aspects. We carried out a descriptive study of anthropometric parameters in a series of 157 scapulae (82 individuals) on bone remains dated to the 20th century from a population of Granada (Southern Spain). Seventy seven (49%) were right-side and 80 (51%) left-side; 72 (45.9%) were from males and 85 (54.1%) from females, and the mean age at death was 70.76±11.7 years. The objective was to develop a discrimination function for sex estimation based on anthropometric parameters of the scapula other than those considered to date, and to analyze the prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis in relation to selected anthropometric parameters. A logistic regression model based on parameters of the upper-external segment of the scapula was done. The obtained formula: 1/1+e^ (- (-57.911 + 0.350*B + 0283*C + 0.249*b + 0.166*a +-0.100*ß) classifies male sex with 98.3% accuracy and female sex with 92.1%. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis was detected in 16.6% of individuals and was related to age (p<0.05), scapular length (p<0.05), glenoid width (p<0.05), glenopolar angle (p<0.05), and α angle (p<0.05) in bivariate analyses but showed no significant associations in multivariate analyses. This approach can be useful for anthropological-forensic identification when scapula remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is significantly associated with a smaller α angle.