RESUMEN
The Chinese bayberry pomace wine (CPW) was prepared with the assisted fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, and its antioxidant effect on Drosophila melanogaster was researched. After mixed fermentation, CPW had a better color, which means there was more retention of anthocyanins, and the functional activity of anthocyanins could enhance the antioxidant capacity of flies. We found that the lifespan of flies exposed to CPW was prolonged, and the reproductive capacity of these flies was decreased. The food intake of flies was also influenced by CPW with gender differences. Furthermore, CPW alleviated the excessive proliferation of the intestinal precursor cells of H2O2-induced flies and activated the transcription level of antibacterial peptide genes. CPW had a protective effect on H2O2-induced acute injury flies, with an increased survival rate, enhanced SOD and CAT activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in flies. The expression of oxidative stress-related genes including CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and CAT was also significantly upregulated by CPW, but the downregulation effect of CPW on age-related gene expression such as methuselah (MTH), the target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomaiprotein S6 kinase (S6K) was sex-specific. These results suggested that CPW played an important role in anti-oxidative stress injury, which was beneficial to promoting the reuse of by-products from Chinese bayberry processing.
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Antioxidantes , Drosophila melanogaster , Fermentación , Myrica , Estrés Oxidativo , Vino , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Vino/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Myrica/química , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Antocianinas/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Unhealthy lifestyles have placed a significant burden on individuals' cardiovascular health. Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoid pigments found in a wide array of common foods and fruits. Anthocyanins have the potential to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease by improving lipid profiles and vascular function, reducing blood glucose levels and blood pressure, and inhibiting inflammation. These actions have been demonstrated in numerous clinical and preclinical studies. At the cellular and molecular level, anthocyanins and their metabolites could protect endothelial cells from senescence, apoptosis, and inflammation by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthases, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), or nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 pathways and inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B, Bax, or P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, anthocyanins prevent vascular smooth muscle cell from platelet-derived growth factor -induced or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced proliferation and migration by inhibiting the focal adhesion kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathways. Anthocyanins could also attenuate vascular inflammation by reducing the formation of oxidized lipids, preventing leukocyte adhesion and infiltration of the vessel wall, and macrophage phagocytosis of deposited lipids through reducing the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 and increasing the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1. At the same time, anthocyanins could lower the risk of thrombosis by inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation through down-regulating P-selectin, transforming growth factor-1, and CD40L. Thus, the development of anthocyanin-based supplements or derivative drugs could provide new therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Antocianinas , Antiinflamatorios , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Transducción de Señal , Humanos , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Management of diabetic chronic wound exudate is a serious challenge in healthcare worldwide since it is related to the speed of diabetic wound healing. However, current foam dressings not only absorb fluid to generate swelling and compress the wound to hinder wound healing but also are very thick and less comfortable to use. Herein, a superabsorbent self-pumping ultrathin dressing is reported to accelerate diabetic wound healing by achieving superior exudate absorption and management in an ultrathin state. The self-pumping dressing is composed of a drainage layer loaded with anthocyanidin and a thermoplastic polyurethane absorbent layer embedded with superabsorbent particles. The dressing realizes the self-pumping process of unidirectional exudate draining to the absorption layer through the drainage layer without significant dressing swelling to compress the diabetic wound. The dressing is experimentally proven to unidirectionally drain excessive exudate with inflammatory factors and modulate the conversion of macrophages from M1 to M2 in diabetic wounds, thereby promoting the healing of diabetic skin ulcers faster than commercial foam dressings. Therefore, the dressing provides a new idea and novel method for accelerating diabetic skin ulcer healing.
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Antocianinas , Vendajes , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Macrófagos , Cicatrización de Heridas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/terapia , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacología , Ratas , Masculino , Células RAW 264.7 , Poliuretanos/químicaRESUMEN
A double-layer film was developed with tannic acid (TA) co-pigmented purple potato anthocyanin extract (PAE)-agar as the inner layer, and K-carrageenan-oregano essential oil Pickering emulsion (OPE)/silver nanoparticles (TA-AgNPs) as the outer layer. Molecular docking and FT-IR results elucidated that intermolecular hydrogen bond was the main interaction between components in the agar-carrageenan matrix, with TA and PAE contributing to intensified anthocyanin color through π-π stacking. The incorporation of OPE/TA-AgNPs enhanced the film's hydrophobicity (WCA > 100°) and UV-vis barrier (close to 0% at 200-320 nm, effectively impeding UVA, UVB, and UVC) properties and exhibited outstanding antioxidant (DPPH scavenging rate > 88%) and antimicrobial activities. This film showed a significant color change in the pH range of 2-12 (from pink to yellow) and a considerable sensitivity to volatile amines within 2 min. The films effectively alleviated beef spoilage (extending the shelf life of beef for 1d) and reflected the freshness of beef during storage. Additionally, the digital color information of the film was obtained by a smartphone combined with RGB values analysis to quantify the freshness of beef rapidly. Therefore, this study expands the application of food packaging films with freshness preservation and monitoring in the field of animal-derived food.
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Antocianinas , Embalaje de Alimentos , Conservación de Alimentos , Gelatina , Nanopartículas del Metal , Plata , Taninos , Taninos/química , Taninos/farmacología , Animales , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacología , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Bovinos , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Gelatina/química , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Carne Roja/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , PolifenolesRESUMEN
Current studies have predominantly focused on the in vitro interactions between starch and anthocyanins, neglecting the complexity of actual food composition systems. In this study, purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract (PSPAE)-dough mixture was constructed with the aim of refining the mechanism by which anthocyanins improved starch digestive properties. Animal experiments demonstrated that the dough containing PSPAE (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced peak blood glucose levels in mice by 39.69 %. Further analysis of the dough mixture properties-including texture, particle size, pasting characteristics, microstructure, infrared spectrum, and crystallinity-helped elucidate how PSPAE impedes starch digestion. The incorporation of 600 mg of PSPAE into the dough led to a 40.45 % reduction in the volume mean diameter compared to the blank dough. Textural and microstructural examinations suggested that PSPAE obstruct the interaction forces between starch molecules by filling gluten protein pores or wrapping starch molecules. This denser microstructure likely contributes to enhanced starch resistance. Additionally, alterations in dough crystallinity revealed that PSPAE encourages the reorganization of linear starch molecules, boosting the content of resistant starch and thereby reducing starch digestibility. This study enriches the mechanism of PSPAE in ameliorating diabetes symptoms and provides theoretical insights for the development of functional foods aimed at diabetes management.
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Antocianinas , Digestión , Ipomoea batatas , Extractos Vegetales , Almidón , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacología , Ipomoea batatas/química , Almidón/química , Almidón/metabolismo , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , MasculinoRESUMEN
Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is mainly distributed in the northwest region of China and its berries are rich in anthocyanin. This study evaluated the hypoglycaemic activity of the anthocyanin-enriched fraction (AEF) of L. ruthenicum Murr. on α-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro. Overall, 10 anthocyanins were identified via UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS. The AEF exhibited strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with an IC50 value of 4.468 mg/mL. It behaved as a reversible, mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular docking and dynamic results indicated that the compounds in AEF interacted with enzymes primarily through van der Waals and hydrogen bond and the complex system was stable. The postprandial blood glucose and area under the curve of diabetic mice was significantly decreased by AEF in the carbohydrate tolerance experiments. The results indicate that the AEF from L. ruthenicum Murr. berries could be as a promising food supplement for managing blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Antocianinas , Frutas , Hipoglucemiantes , Lycium , Extractos Vegetales , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Lycium/química , Frutas/química , Animales , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacología , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Masculino , Humanos , alfa-Glucosidasas/química , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
How to develop contrast agents for cancer theranostics is a meaningful and challenging endeavor, and rare earth nanoparticles (RENPs) may provide a possible solution. In this study, we initially modified RENPs through the application of photodynamic agents (ZnPc) and targeted the bevacizumab antibody for cancer theranostics, which was aimed at improving the therapeutic targeting and efficacy. Subsequently, we amalgamated anthocyanin with the modified RENPs, creating a potential cancer diagnosis platform. When the spectral data were obtained from the composite of cells, the crucial information was extracted through a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling feature algorithm. Then, we employed a machine learning classification model and classified both the individual spectral data and fused spectral data to accurately predict distinctions between breast cancer and normal tissue. The results indicate that the amalgamation of fusion techniques with machine learning algorithms provides highly precise predictions for molecular-level breast cancer detection. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to validate the near-infrared luminescence and therapeutic effectiveness of the modified nanomedicine. This research not only underscores the targeted effects of nanomedicine but also demonstrates the potent synergy between optical spectral technology and machine learning. This innovative approach offers a comprehensive strategy for the integrated treatment of breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Aprendizaje Automático , Metales de Tierras Raras , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , Humanos , Metales de Tierras Raras/química , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapéutico , Bevacizumab/química , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The purple carrot cultivar 'Purple Sun' (Daucus carota L.) is characterized by a relevant content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, which may play an important role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases and in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. In the present study, the genetic diversity, phytochemical composition, and bioactivities of this outstanding variety were studied for the first time. Genetic analysis by molecular markers estimated the level of genetic purity of this carrot cultivar, whose purple-pigmented roots were used for obtaining the purple carrot ethanol extract (PCE). With the aim to identify specialized metabolites potentially responsible for the bioactivities, the analysis of the metabolite profile of PCE by LC-ESI/LTQ Orbitrap/MS/MS was carried out. LC-ESI/HRMS analysis allowed the assignment of twenty-eight compounds, putatively identified as isocitric acid (1), phenolic acid derivatives (2 and 6), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (9, 10, 12-14, 16, 17, 19, 22, and 23), anthocyanins (3-5, 7, 8, 11, and 18), flavanonols (15 and 21), flavonols (20 and 24), oxylipins (25, 26, and 28), and the sesquiterpene 11-acetyloxytorilolone (27); compound 26, corresponding to the primary metabolite trihydroxyoctanoic acid (TriHOME), was the most abundant compound in the LC-ESI/HRMS analysis of the PCE, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives followed by anthocyanins were the two most represented groups. The antioxidant activity of PCE, expressed in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and antioxidant enzymes activity, and its pro-metabolic effect were evaluated. Moreover, the antibacterial activity on Gram (-) and (+) bacterial strains was investigated. An increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), reaching a maximum at 0.5 mg/mL of PCE with a plateau at higher PCE concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL), was observed. PCE induced an initial decrease in ROS levels at 0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL concentrations, reaching the ROS levels of control at 0.5 mg/mL of PCE with a plateau at higher PCE concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL). Moreover, significant antioxidant and pro-metabolic effects of PCE on myoblasts were shown by a reduction in ROS content and an increase in ATP production linked to the promotion of mitochondrial respiration. Finally, the bacteriostatic activity of PCE was shown on the different bacterial strains tested, while the bactericidal action of PCE was exclusively observed against the Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus. The bioactivities of PCE were also investigated from cellular and molecular points of view in colon and hematological cancer cells. The results showed that PCE induces proliferative arrest and modulates the expression of important cell-cycle regulators. For all these health-promoting effects, also supported by initial computational predictions, 'Purple Sun' is a promising functional food and an optimal candidate for pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical preparations.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Daucus carota , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Daucus carota/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Persimmon fruit processing-derived waste and by-products, such as peels and pomace, are important sources of dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Revalorizing these by-products could help promote circular nutrition and agricultural sustainability while tackling dietary deficiencies and chronic diseases. In this study, fiber-rich fractions were prepared from the by-products of Sharoni and Brilliant Red persimmon varieties. These fractions were quantified for their phenolic composition and assessed for their ability to promote the growth of beneficial human colonic Firmicutes species and for their in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Gallic and protocatechuic acids, delphinidin, and cyanidin were the main phenolics identified. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains showed significantly higher growth rates in the presence of the Brilliant Red fraction, generating more than double butyrate as a proportion of the total short-chain fatty acids (39.5% vs. 17.8%) when compared to glucose. The fiber-rich fractions significantly decreased the inflammatory effect of interleukin-1ß in Caco-2 cells, and the fermented fractions (both from Sharoni and Brilliant Red) significantly decreased the inflammatory effect of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, fiber-rich fractions from persimmon by-products could be part of nutritional therapies as they reduce systemic inflammation, promote the growth of beneficial human gut bacteria, and increase the production of beneficial microbial metabolites such as butyrate.
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Antiinflamatorios , Colon , Fibras de la Dieta , Diospyros , Humanos , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Diospyros/química , Ratones , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Colon/microbiología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Animales , Células RAW 264.7 , Células CACO-2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Firmicutes , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Frutas/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Fermentación , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/análisisRESUMEN
Ayocote beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) are a rich source of some bioactive molecules, such as phenolic compounds that exhibit antioxidant capacity that promote health benefits. Ayocote is mainly consumed after cooking, which can impact the antioxidant characteristics of the phenolic compounds responsible for some of its health benefits. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of boiling on the phenolic composition and bioactivities of ayocote beans before and after boiling. Boiling decreased the total phenolic content (70.2, 60.3, and 58.2%), total anthocyanin (74.3, 80.6, and 85.7%), and antioxidant activity (DPPH: 41.2, 46.9, and 59.1%; ORAC: 48.23, 53.6 and 65.7%) of brown, black, and purple ayocote beans, respectively. All the extracts also inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase with efficacy values from 29.7 to 87.6% and α-amylase from 25.31 to 56.2%, with moderate antiglycation potential (15.2 to 73.2%). Phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and flavonoid decreases were detected in boiled samples by HPLC-MS analysis. Although boiling reduced the phenolic compounds, bioactive compounds remained in a considerable content in boiled ayocote.
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Antioxidantes , Phaseolus , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Phaseolus/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antocianinas/análisis , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/farmacología , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Culinaria , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta PresiónRESUMEN
Anthocyanins are known as an antioxidant, and their water-soluble purple-colored pigments are very nutritive. Therefore, the present study investigated the antioxidant activity of black rice anthocyanins nano-composite against infertility induced by AlCl3 in rats. Anthocyanin silver nanoparticles (An-AgNPs) were prepared by reducing black rice anthocyanin with the metallic ions. Antioxidant activity (DPPH %) of anthocyanin was determined. Also, the morphology of (An-AgNPs) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Albino rats were divided into five groups (negative control (NC): fed on basel diet, positive control (PC): treated with AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw) for seventy days, and three other groups treated with AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw) + An-AgNPs at 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, b.w/ day, respectively for seventy days. Serum testosterone, LH, FSH, and estradiol were measured. Additionally, Sperm motility, Sperm count (Testicular and Epididymal), fructose in semen, and semen quality were determined. The values of the anthocyanin component and DPPH radical scavenging activity obtained were 3603.82±6.11 mg CCE/g and 84.62±1.98, respectively. An-AgNPs shows tend to agglomerate, particles are uniform in size and shape, and the diameter of the particles ranges between 70nm to 130nm. LH, estradiol and testosterone levels increased significantly in rats treated with An-AgNPs 10, 15, 20 mg/kg b.w+ AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw) also exhibited significantly higher sperm motility, sperm count, and daily sperm production, and decreased sperm transit rate than G2. In comparison to G2, animals treated with AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw) + An-AgNPs 10, 15, 20 mg/kg b.w(G3 to G5) had significantly higher semen and semen quality (P 0.05). We can conclude that the An-AgNPs showed a strong effect against infertility induced by AlCl3; this represents a suitable natural supply of biological substances for medicine and anthocyanins could be considered the ideal ingredients against oxidative stress-induced infertility.
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Cloruro de Aluminio , Compuestos de Aluminio , Antocianinas , Antioxidantes , Nanopartículas del Metal , Oryza , Ratas Wistar , Plata , Animales , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/análisis , Masculino , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Oryza/química , Plata/química , Infertilidad Masculina , Cloruros , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Nanocompuestos/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Ratas , Testosterona/sangre , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Análisis de SemenRESUMEN
Fermentation can transform bioactive compounds in food and improve their biological activity. This study aims to explore the transformation of polyphenols in mulberry juice and the improvement of its anti-aging effect. The results demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum SC-5 transformed anthocyanin in mulberry juice into more phenolic acids, especially improved 2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid from 4.16 ± 0.06 to 10.07 ± 0.03. In the D-gal-induced mouse model, fermented mulberry juice significantly raised the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae (303.7 %) and Lactobacillaceae (237.2 %) and Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestine, further reducing the level of oxidative stress (12.3 %). Meanwhile, the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased, which protected the integrity of hippocampal tissue. Morris water maze results approved that fermented mulberry juice improved cognitive ability in aging mice (30.3 %). This study provides theoretical support for the view that fermentation is an effective means of developing functional foods.
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Fermentación , Hidroxibenzoatos , Lactobacillus plantarum , Morus , Polifenoles , Animales , Morus/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , Ratones , Masculino , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Antocianinas/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Sirtuina 1RESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis is a public health issue with a rising worldwide incidence. It has been found that current medications for treating UC may cause varying degrees of damage to male fertility. Our previous study demonstrated that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) treatment could effectively restore reproductive damage in a mouse model of DSS induced colitis. However, the underlying mechanism of C3G alleviates UC induced male reproductive disorders remain scarce. The aim of this study is to discover the molecular mechanisms of C3G on the amelioration of UC stimulated reproductive disorders. The targeted genes toward UC-induced reproductive injury upon C3G treatments were explored by transcriptomic analysis. Hematological analysis, histopathological examination, and real time transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis were applied for conjoined identification. Results showed that C3G may effectively target for reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in testis through cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Transcriptome sequencing found that a series of genetic pathways involved in the protective effects of C3G on male reproduction were identified by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Further results presented that C3G could effectively restore mRNA expression levels of Ly6a and Col1a1, closely linked with UC induced male reproductive damage pathways. Sufficient results implied that Ly6a and Col1a1 may be treated as the promising therapeutic targets for the mechanism of C3G in treating UC induced reproductive impairment. C3G administration might be an effective dietary supplementation strategy for male reproduction improvement.
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Antocianinas , Citocinas , Glucósidos , Transcriptoma , Masculino , Animales , Antocianinas/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Ratones , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity and consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) are associated with intestinal permeabilization and increased paracellular transport of endotoxins, which can promote neuroinflammation. Inflammation can affect the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, which controls responses to stress and downregulates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which can promote anxiety and depression, conditions frequently found in obesity. We previously showed that consumption of anthocyanins (AC) mitigate HFD-induced insulin resistance, intestinal permeability, and inflammation. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated if a dietary supplementation with a cyanidin- and delphinidin-rich extract (CDRE) could counteract HFD/obesity-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice were fed for 14 wk on one of the following diets: 1) a control diet containing 10% total calories from fat (C), 2) a control diet supplemented with 40 mg AC/kg body weight (BW) (CAC), 3) a HFD containing 60% total calories from fat (lard) (HF), or 4) the HFD supplemented with 2, 20, or 40 mg AC/kg BW (HFA2, HFA20, and HFA40, respectively). In plasma and in the hippocampus, parameters of neuroinflammation and the underlying cause (endotoxemia) and consequences (alterations to the HPA and BDNF downregulation) were measured. RESULTS: Consumption of the HFD caused endotoxemia. Accordingly, hippocampal Tlr4 mRNA levels were 110% higher in the HF group, which were both prevented by CDRE supplementation. Consumption of the HFD also caused: 1) microgliosis and increased expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, that is, Iba-1, Nox4, Tnfα, and Il-1ß, 2) alterations of HPA axis regulation, that is, with low expression of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors; and 3) decreased Bdnf expression. Supplementation of HFD-fed mice with CDRE mitigated neuroinflammation, microgliosis, and MR and BDNF decreases. CONCLUSIONS: CDRE supplementation mitigates the negative effects associated with HFD consumption and obesity in mouse hippocampus, in part by decreasing inflammation, improving glucocorticoid metabolism, and upregulating BDNF.
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Antocianinas , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Hipocampo , Inflamación , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Animales , Antocianinas/farmacología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Masculino , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Inflamación/prevención & control , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Obesidad , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a highly prevalent chronic metabolic illness affecting individuals of all age groups. Furthermore, it is a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis (AS), as a correlation between hypertension and AS has been observed. However, the effective treatments for either of these disorders appear to be uncommon. METHODS: A systematic search of articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases over the last decade was performed using the following keywords: hypertension, AS, anthocyanins, antioxidants, gut microbes, health benefits, and bioactivity. RESULTS: The available research indicates that anthocyanin consumption can achieve antioxidant effects by inducing the activation of intracellular nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and the expression of antioxidant genes. Moreover, previous reports showed that anthocyanins can enhance the human body's ability to fight against inflammation and cancer through the inhibition of inflammatory factors and the regulation of related signaling pathways. They can also protect the blood vessels and nervous system by regulating the production and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Gut microorganisms play an important role in various chronic diseases. Our research has also investigated the role of anthocyanins in the metabolism of the gut microbiota, leading to significant breakthroughs. This study not only presents a unique strategy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) without the need for medicine but also provides insights into the development and utilization of intestinal probiotic dietary supplements. CONCLUSION: In this review, different in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that anthocyanins slow down the onset and progression of hypertension and AS through different mechanisms. In addition, gut microbial metabolites also play a crucial role in diseases through the gut-liver axis.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Antihipertensivos , Antioxidantes , Aterosclerosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hipertensión , Humanos , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/química , Aterosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a prevalent autoimmune thyroid disease, necessitating further research to identify effective treatment strategies. Two key pathophysiological factors of HT are inflammation and oxidative stress. Petunidin (PET) is an anthocyanin with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of PET on HT. C57BL/6N mice were injected with thyroglobulin emulsified with adjuvant to establish the HT animal model. Our results showed that PET administration decreased the concentrations of TPOAb, TgAb, T3, T4, IgG, IgA and IgM in HT mice, accompanied by significant alterations in follicle shape and increased lymphocyte infiltrations. Additionally, the apoptosis rate, ROS level, MDA content, CD4+ level, IFN-γ and IL-17A levels, as well as the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17, were elevated in HT mice and reduced by PET treatment. Furthermore, HT patients exhibited higher levels of NOX4 and PKM2, which were positively correlated with TPOAb, IFN-γ, and IL-17 concentrations. In HT mice, PET therapy decreased the expression of PKM2 and NOX4 proteins. In summary, PET can improve thyroid dysfunction by suppressing apoptosis, oxidative stress and Th1/Th17 differentiation through regulation of the NOX4/PKM2 axis in HT mice, suggesting its promising potential for HT intervention.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Enfermedad de Hashimoto , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estrés Oxidativo , Células TH1 , Células Th17 , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/inmunología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Th17/inmunología , Células Th17/metabolismo , Células TH1/inmunología , Ratones , Humanos , Antocianinas/farmacología , Femenino , Homeostasis , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidasa 4/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Glándula Tiroides/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Piruvato QuinasaRESUMEN
In addition to their pigment properties, the potential health benefits of anthocyanins have made them a subject of interest in recent years. This study aimed to obtain purified anthocyanin fractions from native Mexican black bean cultivars using Amberlite XAD-7 resin column and HPCCC and evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties using RAW 264.7 cells. The major anthocyanins in the purified anthocyanin fractions were delphinidin 3-glucoside (61.8%), petunidin 3-glucoside (25.2%), and malvidin 3-glucoside (12.2%). Purified anthocyanin fractions at 12.5 µg/mL effectively prevented LPS-induced ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation and reduced the protein expression of COX-2 and mRNA expression of iNOS. Results showed that purified anthocyanin fractions have the potential to modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the ERK1/ERK2 and NF-κB pathways. This study suggests that anthocyanins from black beans could be used as a natural strategy to help modulate inflammation-associated diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Antiinflamatorios , FN-kappa B , Extractos Vegetales , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Células RAW 264.7 , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/inmunología , Distribución en Contracorriente , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/inmunología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , México , Phaseolus/química , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismoRESUMEN
A high number of varieties from corn (Zea mays L.) have been consumed for long time all over the world, however pigmented varieties are recently gaining renewed attention due to their beneficial effects and polyphenolic content. The natural lack of gluten makes corn suitable for consumption by celiac population, who need to control their inflammatory state through an appropriate gluten-free diet. The biological effects of polyphenols from pigmented corn are poorly investigated in the context of celiac disease. In this work, we analyzed through HPLC-DAD the phenolic composition of two Italian purple and red varieties ("Scagliolo Rosso" and "Rostrato di Rovetta", respectively) comparing their effects in human intestinal epithelial cells (CaCo-2 cells). The possible impact of gastro-intestinal digestion following oral consumption was assessed as well. The phenolic profile showed the presence of phenolic acids in both varieties, while anthocyanins were identified in Scagliolo Rosso only. After simulated digestion, the level of polyphenols did not significantly change and paralleled with an increased scavenging activity. In CaCo-2 cells, stimulated by a proinflammatory cocktail containing gliadin-derived peptides (IL-1ß, IFN-γ, digested gliadin), pigmented corn extracts inhibited the release of CXCL-10 and sICAM-1, with mechanisms partially ascribed to NF-κB impairment. At the same concentration (200 µg/mL), ROS production and catalase depletion were reverted through Nrf-2-independent mechanisms. Our data suggest that polyphenols from pigmented corns might help in controlling the inflammatory and oxidative state of people with celiac disease at intestinal level, at concentrations potentially achievable through a gluten-free diet.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Dieta Sin Gluten , Polifenoles , Zea mays , Humanos , Células CACO-2 , Polifenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/análisis , Zea mays/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Enfermedad Celíaca/dietoterapia , Antocianinas/farmacología , Antocianinas/análisis , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , FN-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMEN
Antioxidants are among the common components of sports nutrition designed to counteract oxidative stress that develops during intense physical activity. One of the promising antioxidants are anthocyanins which belong to polyphenolic compounds of plant origin (class of flavonoids). The purpose of the research was to analyze the results of prospective controlled studies on the effect of anthocyanins on physical performance, and to consider the possible molecular mechanisms of their action. Material and methods. Sources were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka databases of peer-reviewed scientific literature without restrictions on the year of publication using the following keywords: anthocyanins, physical performance, recovery, sport and exercise nutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation. Results. The main data set on the effects of anthocyanins in athletes was obtained using extracts of blackcurrant and Montmorency tart cherry. Volunteers received anthocyanins at a dose of 86-547 mg per day for 1 to 10 days with subsequent evaluation of their performance in cycling, running and fitness activities. The possibility of favorable effect of anthocyanins on physical performance and acceleration of its recovery after exertion has been shown. The source, dose and duration of intake did not significantly influence the established effects of anthocyanins. Acting as exogenous regulators of metabolism, anthocyanins can activate several mechanisms of performance enhancement, including influence on antioxidant and immune status and apoptosis intensity. Anthocyanins prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species, neutralize electrophilic compounds by direct interaction or through activation of Nrf2 factor, which regulates the transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes. The basis of the anti-inflammatory action of anthocyanins is their ability to inhibit MARK and NF-κB mediated signal transduction. Inclusion of bilberry and blackcurrant extract in the diet prevented the intensification of myocyte apoptosis and suppression of cellular immunity induced by exhausting exercise. An additional mechanism of anthocyanin action on physical performance may be an increase in blood supply of organs and tissues due to vascular dilation caused by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Conclusion. The intake of plant extracts with a high anthocyanin content can increase physical performance and improve recovery after physical exertion, which may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins, their ability to regulate apoptosis processes and improve blood supply to organs and tissues.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Antioxidantes , Antocianinas/farmacología , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Atletas , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Rendimiento AtléticoRESUMEN
SCOPE: Good vascular function is crucial for cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance. Diets high in anthocyanins have been shown to improve vascular function and are associated with improvements in cognition. This systematic review investigates randomized controlled trials examining the impact of anthocyanin intake on both cognition and vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 1486 studies identified through searching Ovid Medline and AMED, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus, 20 studies are selected which measured cognitive and vascular function. Overall, positive effects on verbal and working memory are observed, which are supported by studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate increased blood flow in brain regions related to these cognitive domains. However, effects of anthocyanins on blood pressure and markers of endothelial function are inconsistent. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence for a positive effect of anthocyanins on cognition and insight into the relevance of endothelial function. Anthocyanins are widely available and can be easily consumed in a range of different fruits, vegetables, and other products. Further studies should establish the optimal daily intake of anthocyanins for cardiovascular and cognitive health.