RESUMEN
Pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in the central nervous system (CNS) is a topic of ongoing research, including the mechanisms by which this fungus invades and infects the brain. Astrocytes, the most common CNS cells, play a fundamental role in the local immune response. Astrocytes might participate in cryptococcosis either as a host or by responding to fungal antigens. To determine the infectivity of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii in a human astrocytoma cell line and the induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. A glioblastoma cell line was infected with C. neoformans var. grubii and C. gattii blastoconidia labelled with FUN-1 fluorescent stain. The percentage of infection and expression of HLA class I and II molecules were determined by flow cytometry. The interactions between the fungi and cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. There was no difference between C. neoformans var. grubii and C. gattii in the percentage infection, but C. neoformans var. grubii induced higher expression of HLA class II than C. gattii. More blastoconidia were recovered from C. neoformans-infected cells than from C. gattii infected cells. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii may have different virulence mechanisms that allow its survival in human glia-derived cells.
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Astrocitos/microbiología , Cryptococcus gattii/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cryptococcus neoformans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Línea Celular , Citometría de Flujo , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Viabilidad Microbiana , Microscopía FluorescenteRESUMEN
Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue.
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Glositis Migratoria Benigna/genética , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/patología , Psoriasis/genética , Psoriasis/patología , Lengua/patología , Biopsia , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/complicaciones , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/terapia , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Ilustración Médica , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Lengua Fisurada/patologíaRESUMEN
Abstract: Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Psoriasis/genética , Psoriasis/patología , Lengua/patología , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/genética , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/patología , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Lengua Fisurada/patología , Biopsia , Inmunohistoquímica , Marcadores Genéticos , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/complicaciones , Glositis Migratoria Benigna/terapia , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Ilustración MédicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Behcet (EB) es una vasculitis sistémica de etiología desconocida, caracterizada por ulceraciones orales y genitales recurrentes asociadas y compromiso ocular. En la actualidad, el diagnóstico se realiza por medio de grupos de criterios diagnósticos. Aunque existe una asociación entre HLA-B51 y EB, no se ha considerado aún el uso de los HLA como prueba diagnóstica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar si existe un papel para los antígenos leucocitarios humanos, en particular los denominados HLA 15, 108, 105, 109 y 119, en el diagnóstico de pacientes con EB. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas de estudios de validez diagnóstica publicadas en los últimos cinco años en Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE y MEDLINE, así como una búsqueda de estudios primarios sobre validez diagnóstica en MEDLINE (1966 a la fecha), EMBASE (1982 a la fecha), LILACS (1982 a la fecha), de referencias entre los estudios encontrados y consulta a expertos temáticos, productores y comercializadores de la tecnología; la tecnología de interés fue el uso de HLA para el diagnóstico de EB; como estándar de referencia se consideraron diferentes criterios clínicos (International Study Group (ISG), International Criteria For Behcet Disease (ICBD), entre otros). Dos evaluadores de manera independiente, tamizaron las referencias obtenidas, resolviendo las discrepancias por medio de un tercer autor. RESULTADOS: No es posible establecer conclusiones acerca del papel de los antígenos leucocitarios humanos en el diagnóstico de EB dado que, hasta la fecha, no se han publicado estudios sobre sus características operativas. En Colombia se requieren estimaciones de la frecuencia de alelos HLA y su asociación con EB que puedan sugerir su posible valor diagnóstico.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Vasculitis Sistémica/etiología , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , ColombiaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is multifactorial, thus genetic factors such as HLA and immunoglobulins-like killer receptors (KIR) could be predisposed to the development of the disease. Aim To evaluate whether any HLA classi allele and its combination with KIR could be related to the development of TB in the Wichi Amerindian community in north-eastern Argentina. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted that included 18 families, 35 individuals affected with TB, 84 cohabiting families, and 63 controls of the same ethnic group. A and B loci of HLA classi were typed by generic PCR followed by reverse hybridization (Dynal), locus C by PCR-SSOP. KIR receptors were studied using sequence specific PCR. RESULTS: There was a highly significant association with allele B*35:19/47 in TB vs. household contacts [Pc=0.0051] and vs. controls [Pc=0.0033], and with allele HLA-C*03 in TB vs. household contacts [Pc=0.014] and vs. controls [Pc=0.0033]. KIR receptors had shown increased KIR2DL3/KIR2DL3 frequency in combination with the C1 group of HLA-C (P=.018). HLA-C*03 belongs to C1 group, and this combination could have a strong inhibitory action on the infected cell. CONCLUSION: HLA-B35:19/47-C*03 haplotype could be a susceptibility factor to TB and KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination have an inhibitory capacity on NK cells, and might contribute to the course of the infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Antígenos HLA/análisis , Indígenas Sudamericanos/genética , Receptores KIR/análisis , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Alelos , Argentina/epidemiología , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genes MHC Clase I , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Antígenos HLA/inmunología , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Receptores KIR/genética , Receptores KIR/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genéticaAsunto(s)
Transferencia de Embrión/normas , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad/métodos , Diagnóstico Preimplantación/métodos , Hermanos , Talasemia beta/genética , Adulto , Brasil , Preescolar , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre del Cordón Umbilical/métodos , Femenino , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas , Talasemia beta/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There are 2 new phenotypes of HIV-1-positive individuals who exhibit a spontaneous and sustained control of viral replication at least for 1 year without antiretroviral therapy (elite controllers <50 copies/mL and viremic controllers <2000 copies/mL). Mechanisms related to this spontaneous control of viral replication are poorly understood. METHODS: The study included HIV-1 controllers (patients with at least 1 year of HIV-1 diagnosis, highly active antiretroviral therapy naive, and with viral loads less than 2000 copies/mL) and HIV-1 progressors without antiretroviral therapy (viral load >2500 copies/mL, and CD4 T-cell count >250 cells/µL at the time of sampling). The expression of soluble factors, leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and human α-defensins-1 (HAD-1), was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction from neutrophil cultures with or without HIV stimulation; the frequency and phenotype of innate and adaptive immune cells were determined by flow cytometry, and frequency of human leukocyte antigen alleles was determined by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing. RESULTS: As expected, HIV-1 controllers had higher CD4 T-cell counts and lower viral load when compared with HIV-1 progressor individuals; in addition, they exhibited lower expression of activation markers, higher frequency of myeloid dendritic cell, lower percentage of regulatory T cells and natural killer cells, and higher expression of SLPI. CONCLUSIONS: All together, these findings suggest that the control of the immune activation status and the production of antiviral proteins by innate immune cells could be associated to the mechanisms involved in the control of HIV-1 replication and better preservation of the CD4 T-cell count.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Sobrevivientes de VIH a Largo Plazo , VIH-1/inmunología , Inmunidad Innata , Leucocitos/inmunología , Inhibidor Secretorio de Peptidasas Leucocitarias/biosíntesis , Adulto , Alelos , Células Cultivadas , Colombia , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Antígenos HLA/genética , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Carga Viral , alfa-Defensinas/biosíntesisRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: the MYO9B gene contributes to the maintenance of the intestinal barrier and it has been postulated as a risk factor of celiac disease (CD). The objective of this study was to compare the frequency and association rs2305764, rs2305767 and rs1457092 MYO09B polymorphisms in pediatric CD patients from and. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study was made in 104 CD pediatric patients (Chilean and Argentineans) and 104 controls subjects. MYO9B gene polymorphisms were analyzed by Taqman allelic probes. We evaluated the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by means of Chi-square and compared the haplotypes distribution using Fisher test. RESULTS: SNPs rs2305767 and rs1457092 were associated with celiac disease (CD); TT genotype in rs2305767 would be a protective factor (p < 0.000, OR = 0.19 CI 0.1-0.4) and the CT genotype would be a risk factor (p < 0.0001, OR = 4.9 CI 2.2 to 11.3). CC genotype in rs1457092 also showed a protective effect for celiac (p < 0.000, OR = 0.07 CI 0.0 to 0.3). CONCLUSION: our findings suggest that genetic variation MYO9B gene is associated with CD, as a protective or a risk factor depending on the polymorphism studied.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Celíaca/epidemiología , Enfermedad Celíaca/genética , Miosinas/genética , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Chile/epidemiología , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: CD4+/CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells have been described in healthy individuals as well as in patients with autoimmune and chronic infectious diseases. In chronic viral infections, this cell subset has effector memory phenotype and displays antigen specificity. No previous studies of double positive T cells in parasite infections have been carried out. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Seventeen chronic chagasic patients (7 asymptomatic and 10 symptomatic) and 24 non-infected donors, including 12 healthy and 12 with non-chagasic cardiomyopathy donors were analyzed. Peripheral blood was stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR and CD38, and lymphocytes for intracellular perforin. Antigen specificity was assessed using HLA*A2 tetramers loaded with T. cruzi K1 or influenza virus epitopes. Surface expression of CD107 and intracellular IFN-γ production were determined in K1-specific DP T cells from 11 chagasic donors. Heart tissue from a chronic chagasic patient was stained for both CD8 and CD4 by immunochemistry. Chagasic patients showed higher frequencies of DP T cells (2.1% ± 0.9) compared with healthy (1.1% ± 0.5) and non-chagasic cardiomyopathy (1.2% ± 0.4) donors. DP T cells from Chagasic patients also expressed more HLA-DR, CD38 and perforin and had higher frequencies of T. cruzi K1-specific cells. IFN-γ production in K1-specific cells was higher in asymptomatic patients after polyclonal stimulation, while these cells tended to degranulate more in symptomatic donors. Immunochemistry revealed that double positive T cells infiltrate the cardiac tissue of a chagasic donor. CONCLUSIONS: Chagasic patients have higher percentages of circulating double positive T cells expressing activation markers, potential effector molecules and greater class I antigenic specificity against T. cruzi. Although K1 tetramer positive DP T cell produced little IFN-γ, they displayed degranulation activity that was increased in symptomatic patients. Moreover, K1-specific DP T cells can migrate to the heart tissue.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD/análisis , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/química , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/química , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/patología , Femenino , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miocardio/patología , Perforina/análisis , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes might predispose certain individuals to dengue fever (DF) and the severe forms of the disease: dengue haemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A DNA-based HLA typing method was used to determine the HLA class I and II alleles in 50 patients with dengue, including 45 cases of DF 5 cases of DHF and 177 healthy individuals in Jamaica. RESULTS: HLA-A*24 and - DRbeta5*01/02 were significantly associated with dengue infection while possession of HLA-A*23, -CW*04, -DQbeta*02, -DQbeta*03 and DQbeta*06 were protective. No other significant associations were found after correction for the number of alleles tested at each HLA-locus. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report a significant association with HLA-A*24 and DF although this allele is associated with DHF and DSS in Vietnamese patients. The other HLA associations observed in the Jamaican cohort also are different from those reported in other ethnic groups. Further studies which involve larger numbers of patients with DHF and explore functional aspects of HLA allelic associations with dengue in Jamaicans are necessary.
Asunto(s)
Dengue/inmunología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Frecuencia de los Genes , Antígenos HLA/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Jamaica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes might predispose certain individuals to dengue fever (DF) and the severe forms of the disease: dengue haemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A DNA-based HLA typing method was used to determine the HLA class I and II alleles in 50 patients with dengue, including 45 cases of DF, 5 cases of DHF and 177 healthy individuals in Jamaica. RESULTS: HLA -A*24 and -DR β5*01/02 were significantly associated with dengue infection while possession of HLA -A*23, - CW*04, -DQ β1*02, -DQ β1*03 and DQ β1*06 were protective. No other significant associations were found after correction for the number of alleles tested at each HLA - locus. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report a significant association with HLA -A*24 and DF although this allele is associated with DHF and DSS in Vietnamese patients. The other HLA associations observed in the Jamaican cohort also are different from those reported in other ethnic groups. Further studies which involve larger numbers of patients with DHF and explore functional aspects of HLA allelic associations with dengue in Jamaicans are necessary.
ANTECEDENTES: Los polimorfismos de los genes del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) podría predisponer a ciertos individuos a la fiebre de dengue (FD) y a las formas severas de esta enfermedad: la fiebre hemorrágica de dengue y el síndrome de choque por dengue (FHD/SCD). SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Se usó un método de tipificación HLA basado en el ADN con el propósito de determinar los alelos HLA clase I y II en 50 pacientes con dengue, incluyendo 45 casos de FD, 5 casos de FHD y 177 individuos saludables en Jamaica. RESULTADOS: HLA -A*24 y -DR β5*01/02 estuvieron significativamente asociados con la infección de dengue en tanto que la posesión de HLA -A*23, -CW*04, -DQ β1*02, -DQ β1*03 y DQ β1*06 tenía carácter protector. No se halló ninguna otra asociación significativa tras la corrección en relación con el número de alelos probados en cada locus de HLA . CONCLUSIÓN: Este es el primer estudio que reporta una asociación significativa de HLA -A*24 y FD, aunque este alelo se halla asociado con FHD y SCD en pacientes vietnamitas. Las otras asociaciones observadas en la cohorte jamaicana son también diferentes de las que se reportan para otros grupos étnicos. Se requieren estudios ulteriores que comprendan grandes números de pacientes con FHD y exploren los aspectos funcionales de las asociaciones alélicas de HLA con el dengue en los jamaicanos.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Dengue/inmunología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Frecuencia de los Genes , Antígenos HLA/genética , JamaicaRESUMEN
A compatibilidade HLA é o fator mais valorizado na escolha do doador de medula óssea voluntário, preconizando-se a realização de HLA de alta resolução nos locos HLA-A,B,C, DRB1 e DQB1. Tem sido dado preferência para o doador com consanguinidade alélica 8x8 (A,B,C, DRB1). Na presença de incompatibilidade na classe-I sugere-se a busca de doador com compatibilidade DQB1 (9x10). Já as incompatibilidades dos locos DPB1 não constituem critério de exclusão de doador, exceto quando existir presença de anticorpo contra o loco HLA-DP do doador.
The HLA system is considered the most important factor in choosing a volunteer bone marrow donor with the recommendation of performing high resolution HLA tests for the HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci. A preference has been given for donor 8x8 (A, B, C, DRB1) allele matching. In the presence of class-I incompatibility a search for DQB1 (9x10) donor compatibility is suggested. The incompatibility of the DPB1 locus does not constitute exclusion of the donor, except when there is the presence of antibodies against the HLA-DP locus of the donor.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Médula Ósea , Selección de Donante , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , HistocompatibilidadRESUMEN
El sistema de antígenos leucocitarios (human leukocyte antigen) es el más polimórfico en el ser humano. Su función la realiza regulando la respuesta inmune mediante su unión a moléculas como el receptor de células T, participando en la presentación de antígenos y el reconocimiento de lo propio en el organismo. Su papel central en la respuesta inmune así como su polimorfismo convierten a estos genes en un factor fundamental en la terapia con trasplantes, siendo su importancia máxima en los trasplantes de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Consecuentemente, la tipificación de estos antígenos en los estudios de compatibilidad ha sido desarrollada de manera paralela y en las últimas décadas se ha avanzado grandemente en su comprensión y caracterización. Varias metodologías moleculares son las que predominan actualmente para la tipificación de los antígenos de histocompatibilidad leucocitarios. La información obtenida de estas caracterizaciones ha permitido la aparición de bancos de donantes de células madre y unidades de cordón umbilical, los cuales amplían la probabilidad de encontrar un donador compatible para el paciente. Los programas de trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas en nuestro país requieren de un avance en las tecnologías disponibles para tipificación de estas moléculas, así como de la instauración de un registro nacional de donantes basado en su tipificación molecular. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar el estado del conocimiento actual sobre los antígenos leucocitarios humanos, su genética, su tipificación, sus utilidades y protocolos a seguir en la tecnología de los transplantes de células madre.
The Human Leukocyte Antigen genetic system is the most polymorphic in humans. It plays a central role on immune response regulation by its interaction with molecules like the T-cellreceptor, participating in the antigen presentation process and self-recognition. This role addedto its polymorphism make the human leukocyte antigens a fundamental factor for transplantation, especially when it comes to hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Consequently, techniques for human leukocyte antigen typing for compatibility studies have experienced great development over the last decades. Various molecular typing methodologies currently predominate for this characterization. Information obtained with these technologies has prompted the development of stem cell adult donor registries and cord blood banks which raise the probability of finding a suitable compatible donor for patients in need of transplantation. Stem Cell Transplantation Programs in Costa Rica urgently need the updating to molecular typing technologies for patientdonor compatibility studies. Moreover, the creation of a National Stem Cell Donor Registry and the pursuing of the public Cord Blood Bank need to be addressed. The present review aims to present state-of-the-art concepts and knowledge on human leukocyte antigen genetics, typingstrategies and protocols, and applications on stem cell transplantation. Additionally, perspectives for Costa Rican development on these areas are given.
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Humanos , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Histocompatibilidad , Células Madre , Inmunología del Trasplante , Costa RicaRESUMEN
Gingival overgrowth (GO) is the main oral manifestation in transplant recipients who use calcineurin inhibitors. In the present study, factors for GO development were investigated in Brazilian renal transplant recipients who were prescribed cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TAC). Demographic, pharmacological, clinical, and periodontal data were obtained from 83 patients, as well as HLA expression in 51 of them. The prevalence of GO was high (47%), but its severity was low according to periodontal indices. The prevalence of GO was greater among patients who used CsA (n = 49) than those receiving used TAC (n = 34) namely, 61% versus 26.5% (P = .003). Comparisons between patients with versus without GO were performed independent of the administered immunossupressant. The group with GO showed a greater degree of gingival inflammation index. HLA-A68 had greater expression among patients without GO (P = .04). The risk factors for GO occurrence were evaluated using a multivariate analysis that identified gingival inflammation and HLA-A24 expression as risk factors. Increased age and use of TAC were identified as protective factors. GO showed a high prevalence, yet a light intensity. Patients who were younger, men, or received CsA showed a greater occurrence of GO. The risk factors identified for GO development were the presence of gingival inflammation and HLA-A24 expression.
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Encía/patología , Hiperplasia Gingival/epidemiología , Trasplante de Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Adulto , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Ciclosporina/sangre , Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
We have been investigating whether human eosinophils play an important role in schistosomiasis mansoni morbidity. Our main focus has been on the activation-related cell surface markers (CD23/CD69/CD25/HLA-DR/CD28/CD80) and the detection of TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-5 in peripheral blood eosinophils from chronic Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients. Our studies compare both, intestinal (INT) and individuals with periportal fibrosis (FIB). Our major findings, point to distinct profile of activation-related surface markers on eosinophils as the hallmark of disease morbidity during chronic S. mansoni infection. Up-regulation of several activation-related markers was observed on eosinophils from FIB group, but not INT, which include early activation markers, such as CD69 and CD23. INT displayed a distinct profile, with up-regulation of molecules related to the late activation (CD25, HLA-DR, CD28 and CD80). These results suggest that some immunoregulatory events may take place controlling the early eosinophil activation in the INT group. Higher levels of eosinophil-derived cytokines were observed in FIB, regardless the antigen stimulation in vitro. A mixed cytokine pattern, characterized by positive correlation between TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-5 was observed in both INT and FIB. However, lack of correlation between the cytokine expression and the eosinophil activation status points out that even those FIB patients presenting minor increment on eosinophil activation displayed higher levels of cytokine-positive eosinophils. Indeed, the positive association between lymphocyte-derived IL-10 and the eosinophils cytokine profile was observed exclusively in INT further emphasize our hypothesis that immunoregulatory events take place controlling disease morbidity in human schistosomiasis. The impaired IL-10-driven immunoregulatory function may play an important role on the establishment of pathology in patients bearing periportal fibrosis.
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Citocinas/inmunología , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Antígenos CD/análisis , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Previous studies have demonstrated higher concentrations of some histocompatibility antigens in Mapuche people compared with non-Mapuche Chileans in the renal transplantation program. With the aim of evaluating whether those antigenic differences might induce differences in the outcomes of renal transplantation among patients belonging to that ethnic group, we reviewed HLA studies and at least 6 months follow-up of all patients with a first kidney transplant between 1980 and 2006. The 248 patients had a mean age of 37.6 years, 40% were females, and 48% had living related donors. The mean kidney follow-up was 90 months and patient follow-up was 106 months. Thirty-nine patients (16%) were classified as Mapuche, according to their surnames, including 16 women with overall mean age of 34.5 years, and 14 had been transplanted from a living related donor. Mapuche patients received organs with better HLA matching expressed as number of identities (3.4 +/- 0.1 versus 2.8 +/- 0.1 among non-Mapuche; P < .05), and the proportion receiving organs with > or = 3 compatibilities was significantly higher (Mapuche 38% versus non-Mapuche 22%; P < .05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed nonsignificant differences in kidney survival: 86% at 5 years and 68% at 10 years in Mapuche; and 83% and 65%, respectively, for non-Mapuche. Patient survival rates were 97% at 5 years and 86% at 10 years in the Mapuche group versus 91% and 79%, respectively, in the non-Mapuche group; both results were not significantly different. Our results showed similar outcomes of kidney and patient survivals among Mapuche people even when they received organs with better HLA matches.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Riñón/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Chile , Etnicidad , Femenino , Supervivencia de Injerto , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón/inmunología , Trasplante de Riñón/mortalidad , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Sobrevivientes , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introducción. La caracterización genética del sistema HLA es de gran utilidad en estudios antropogenéticos, en la comprensión de mecanismos asociados a susceptibilidad o resistencia a diversas enfermedades, en los fenómenos inmunológicos durante el embarazo y en la selección de donantes/receptores en trasplantes de órganos. Objetivo. Determinar las frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 en donantes fallecidos en Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 926 donantes entre febrero de 1989 y septiembre de 2006, a los cuales se les realizó la tipificación HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 por PCR-SSP (single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction) de mediana resolución. Las frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas fueron estimadas mediante el algoritmo de máxima verosimilitud. Se evaluó el ajuste al equilibrio de Hardy-Weimberg por una prueba exacta análoga a la de Fisher usando la cadena de Markov, así como el desequilibrio de ligamiento entre pares de loci. Resultados. Se identificaron 22, 43 y 14 alelos para los loci HLA-A, -B, -DRB, respectivamente, de los cuales los más frecuentes fueron: A*02, A*24, B*35 y DRB1*04. En los loci HLA-A y -B se observó deficiencia en la frecuencia de heterocigóticos esperada (p<0,01 y p<0,00001, respectivamente). Los haplotipos más frecuentes fueron HLA-A*24, B*35 (7,7 por ciento), HLA-B*35 DRB1*04 (6,4 por ciento) y HLA-A*24, DRB1*04 (8,9 por ciento) para HLA-A, -DRB1, y para 3 loci fueron HLA-A*24, B*35, DRB1*04 (4,6 por ciento) y HLA-A*24, B*61, DRB1*04 (2,0 por ciento). Conclusiones. Estos resultados corroboran la composición triétnica de nuestra población, en la cual predomina el grado de mezcla caucásica, a diferencia de otras latinoamericanas, y podrán ser usados como referencia para otros estudios y aplicaciones en esta población.
Introduction. Genetic characterization of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system has provided insights into mechanisms of susceptibility to diverse diseases and immunological phenomena during pregnancy, as well as providing evidence for compatibility in the selection of organ transplant donors and recipients. Objective. The HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were determined in deceased organ donors in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods. The genotypes of 926 deceased donors were evaluated over a 17-year period (1989- 2006). HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). Maximum likelihood frequencies were estimated by the zipper version of expectation maximation algorithm. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were determined by an exact test analogous to Fishers test by using Markovs chain, and linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci. Results. Twenty-two, 43 and 14 alleles were identified for HLA-A, -B and -DRB loci, respectively. The most frequent were A*02, A*24, B*35, and DRB1*04. A deficiency in the proportion of heterozygotes in HLA-A and B loci (p<0.01 and p<0.00001, respectively). The most frequent haplotypes were as follows: HLA-A*24, B*35 (7.7%) for HLA-A,-B; HLA-B*35, DRB1*04 (6.4%) for HLA-B,-DRB1 and HLA-A*24, DRB1*04 (8.9%) for HLA-A,-DRB1. For the 3 loci HLA-A,-B,-DRB1, the most frequent haplotypes were A*24, B*35, DRB1*04 (4.6%) and A*24, B*61,DRB1*04 (2.0%). Conclusions. These results confirm the three-ethnic ancestry of the Medellin population. The predominance of Caucasian admixture differs from many other Latin-American populations and can serve as a reference for comparative studies of these populations as well as applications within the Medellin population.