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BACKGROUND: Most primary cutaneous melanomas have pathogenesis driven by ultraviolet exposure and genetic mutations, whereas acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) and metastatic melanoma are much less, if at all, linked with the former. Thus, we evaluated both ultraviolet related and non-ultraviolet related melanomas. Mutations in the MUC16 and TTN genes commonly occur concurrently in these melanoma patients, but their combined prognostic significance stratified by gender and cancer subtype remains unclear. METHODS: The cBioPortal database was queried for melanoma studies and returned 16 independent studies. Data from 2447 melanoma patients were utilized including those with ALM, cutaneous melanoma (CM), and melanoma of unknown primary (MUP). Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of MUC16 and TTN mutations. Univariate Cox regression and Student's t-tests were used to analyze hazard ratios and total mutation count comparisons, respectively. RESULTS: TTN mutations, either alone or concurrently with MUC16 mutations, significantly correlated with worse prognosis overall, in both genders, and in CM patients. ALM patients with both mutations had better prognoses than CM patients, while ALM patients with neither mutation had worse prognosis than CM patients. For MUP patients, only MUC16 mutations correlated with worse prognosis. ALM patients with neither MUC16 nor TTN mutations had significantly more total mutations than MUP patients, followed by CM patients. CONCLUSION: TTN mutations are a potential marker of poor prognosis in melanoma, which is amplified in the presence of concurrent MUC16 mutations. ALM patients with neither gene mutations had worse prognosis, suggesting a protective effect of having both MUC16 and TTN mutations. Only MUC16 mutations conferred a worse prognosis for MUP patients. Comprehensive genetic profiling in melanoma patients may facilitate personalized treatment strategies to optimize patient outcomes.
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Conectina , Melanoma , Mutación , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/mortalidad , Melanoma/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Conectina/genética , Antígeno Ca-125 , Factores Sexuales , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , AdultoRESUMEN
The significance of HER-1 and CA 125 lies in their ability to guide cancer diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, improving personalized care and enhancing prognostic accuracy. The utilization of HER-1 and CA 125 as screening biomarkers for the anticipation of early-stage cancer and monitoring cancer progression is expanding due to the invasive and costly nature of present techniques. In this study, a novel stochastic sensor was developed for the simultaneous determination of HER-1 and CA 125 in whole blood, saliva, and gastric tumor tissue samples using a fast, easy, inexpensive, and portable method. The stochastic sensor was prepared by electropolymerization of cysteine on the surface of the Au-TiO2@rGO/SPCE sensor. The Au-TiO2@rGO nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple chemical reduction process. The proposed sensor showed wide linear concentration ranges and very low limits of quantification (LOQ). The concentration ranges were from 3.9 × 10-14 to 3.9 × 10-8 µg mL-1, with a LOQ of 3.9 × 10-14 µg mL-1 for HER-1. For CA 125, the concentration ranges were from 8.3 × 10-14 to 8.3 × 10-10 U mL-1, with a LOQ of 8.3 × 10-14 U mL-1. Both biomarkers exhibit precise discrimination in different biological samples, with recoveries above 96.78% and RSD values below 0.04%. With a confidence level of 99%, the Student t-test revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between the outcomes obtained by using the poly-Cys/Au-TiO2@rGO/SPCE sensor for screening examinations of biological samples. This was determined because the results were not significantly different from one another.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Antígeno Ca-125 , Oro , Grafito , Neoplasias Gástricas , Titanio , Humanos , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Antígeno Ca-125/análisis , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangre , Titanio/química , Oro/química , Grafito/química , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Límite de Detección , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Cisteína/sangre , Cisteína/química , Saliva/química , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Procesos Estocásticos , Nanocompuestos/química , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Several biomarkers are characteristically elevated in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Our hypothesis was they could predict early changes in left ventricular (LV) characteristics in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The objective of this study was two-fold: a) compare circulating concentrations of NT-pro BNP, CA-125, ST2, galectin-3 and pro-adrenomedullin among 4 groups of individuals (healthy controls; patients with ACS without AHF; patients with ACS and AHF and patients admitted for AHF); and b) evaluate whether these biomarkers predict adverse LV remodeling and ejection fraction changes in ACS. METHODS: 6 biomarkers (NT-pro BNP, CA-125, ST2, galectin-3, pro-adrenomedullin and C-reactive) were measured within the first 48 h of admission. Echocardiograms were performed during admission and at 3 months. Variables associated with LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) change were assessed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: We analyzed 51 patients with ACS, 16 with AHF and, 20 healthy controls. NT-pro BNP and ST2 concentrations were elevated at similar values in patients admitted for AHF and ACS complicated with HF but CA-125 concentrations were higher in AHF patients. NT-pro BNP concentrations were positively correlated with CA-125 (rho = 0.58; p < 0.001), ST2 (rho = 0.58; p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (rho = 0.37; p < 0.001) Median change (median days was 83 days after) in EDV and LVEF was 5 %. CA-125 concentrations were positively associated to LV EDV change (ß-coefficient 1.56) and negatively with LVEF trend (ß-coefficient = -0.86). No other biomarker predicted changes in EDV or LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: CA-125 correlates with early LV remodeling and LVEF deterioration in ACS patients.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Biomarcadores , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Remodelación Ventricular , Humanos , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/sangre , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Volumen Sistólico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Galectinas/sangre , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Proteína 1 Similar al Receptor de Interleucina-1RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Mitotically active cellular fibroma (MACF) of the ovary, characterized by relatively high mitotic activity without severe atypia, was first described in the WHO classification in 2014. However, due to its rarity, the clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian MACF have not been established. This study was performed to describe the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of MACF by analyzing 11 cases of ovarian MACF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2015 and 2022, 11 patients with ovarian MACFs underwent surgical treatment at our institution. Clinicopathologic data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed from their medical records. RESULTS: Median patient age was 53.7 years (range 21-77 years), and median tumor diameter was 7.8 cm (range 4.3-14.0 cm). Preoperative CA125 was elevated in 4 cases. Four of the eleven patients had abdominal pain, and two presented with vulvar pain or a palpable abdominal mass, respectively. Preoperative radiological impressions included fibroma, fibrothecoma, stromal tumor, and cystadenocarcinoma. A laparoscopic approach was adopted in 7 cases (64%). Intraoperative frozen section was performed in 5 patients, and all demonstrated the presence of a benign, fibromatous stromal tumor. Three patients underwent fertility-sparing surgery, including laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Median follow-up was 37.7 months (range 2-84 months), and no patient experienced disease relapse or died of their disease. CONCLUSION: This study shows that ovarian MACF has a benign clinical course. Fertility-sparing surgery provides a safe therapeutic option for MACF, which can be managed safely by laparoscopy. Imaging findings and final pathological diagnosis were not well matched. Intraoperative frozen section is important for determining surgical extent in mitotically active cellular fibroma of the ovary.
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Fibroma , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Fibroma/patología , Fibroma/cirugía , Fibroma/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Laparoscopía/métodos , Mitosis , Ovario/patología , Ovario/cirugía , Ovario/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and clinical treatment of submucosal cystic adenomyosis. METHODS: The clinical data of five cases of patients with submucosal cystic adenomyosis in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 37.8 ± 4.5 years old, three of them experienced prolonged menstruation and heavy menstrual bleeding. All patients had a history of abnormal uterine bleeding and mild to moderate dysmenorrhea, with a VAS score of 2.8 ± 1.6. The average Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) value was 29.9 ± 23.6U/ml. Two out of the five patients (40%) had CA125 values above the upper limit of normal. The nodules had a diameter of 3.2 ± 1.3 cm and a cavity size of 1.3 ± 0.7 cm. Color ultrasound revealed hypo or iso or anechoic echoic cysts, and blood flow signals were detected. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings varied among each patient. All the patients underwent hysteroscopy and resection of uterine cavity-occupying lesions, and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features of submucosal cystic adenomyosis include abnormal uterine bleeding and menstrual changes, and the degree of dysmenorrhea is generally not severe. The diagnostic utility of CA125 in submucosal cystic adenomyosis may be limited. The three-dimensional ultrasound and MRI are valuable preoperative examination methods currently. Hysteroscopy can not only diagnose submucosal cystic adenomyosis, but also treat it, and preserve the fertility function of the patient.
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Adenomiosis , Antígeno Ca-125 , Humanos , Femenino , Adenomiosis/diagnóstico , Adenomiosis/complicaciones , Adenomiosis/sangre , Adenomiosis/cirugía , Adulto , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dismenorrea/etiología , Histeroscopía/métodos , Quistes/diagnóstico , Menorragia/etiología , Menorragia/diagnóstico , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the use of machine learning methodologies in the diagnosis of endometriosis (EM). METHODS: This study included a total of 106 patients with EM and 203 patients with non-EM conditions (like simple cysts and simple uterine fibroids), all admitted to the Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2017 and September 2022. All participants were free of comorbidities and their diagnoses were confirmed via postoperative pathology. Comparative analysis was conducted between the EM and non-EM groups. Baseline data were assessed, including white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, hemoglobin, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 199, coagulation parameters, and other serologic indicators. An optimal predictive model was developed using an artificial intelligence algorithm to determine the presence of EM. The objective is to provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EM. RESULTS: The random forest algorithm demonstrated superior performance when compared to decision trees, LogitBoost, artificial neural networks, naïve Bayes, support vector machines, and linear regression in machine learning methods. Combining CA125 with the NLR yielded a better prediction of EM than using CA125 alone when applying the random forest algorithm. The accuracy of predicting EM with CA125 combined with NLR was 78.16%, with a sensitivity of 86.21% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (P < 0.05). In contrast, using CA125 alone resulted in an EM prediction accuracy of 75.8%, with a sensitivity of 79.3% and an AUC of 0.82 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of serum CA125 combined with the NLR for EM is higher than that of serum CA125 alone. This finding indicates that NLR could serve as a new supplementary biomarker along with serum CA125 in the diagnosis of EM.
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Antígeno Ca-125 , Endometriosis , Aprendizaje Automático , Humanos , Femenino , Endometriosis/diagnóstico , Endometriosis/sangre , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Adulto , Neutrófilos , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
Mesothelin (MSLN) is expressed in the mesothelium in normal tissues but is overexpressed in various malignant tumors. In this study, we searched for genes that were more frequently expressed in cases of endometrioid carcinoma (EC) with the MELF (microcystic, elongated, and fragmented) pattern using laser microdissection and RNA sequencing, and found that MSLN was predominantly expressed in cases with the MELF pattern. The role of MSLN in EC was analyzed by generating MSLN-knockout and -knockdown EC cell lines. MSLN promoted migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, we found that cadherin-6 (CDH6) expression was regulated by MSLN. MSLN is known to bind to cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and we found that CA125 can regulate CDH6 expression via MSLN. Immunohistochemical investigations showed that MSLN, CA125, and CDH6 expression levels were considerably elevated in EC with the MELF pattern. The expression of CA125 was similar to that of MSLN not only in terms of immunohistochemical staining intensity but also the blood level of CA125. Our results showed that MSLN contributes to the migration and EMT of EC cells through upstream CA125 and downstream CDH6. Therefore, MSLN has potential as a therapeutic target for EC with the MELF pattern.
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Cadherinas , Carcinoma Endometrioide , Movimiento Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI , Mesotelina , Humanos , Femenino , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/metabolismo , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patología , Carcinoma Endometrioide/metabolismo , Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiología , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Antígeno Ca-125/metabolismo , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
In this work, SiO2/CNTs photonic crystal beads were constructed by doping CNTs into SiO2 photonic crystals, which have an angle-independent responsive structural color and can be used as bipolar electrodes due to their good electrical conductivity. In addition, the bipolar electrode-electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) experiments and finite element simulation prove that the low driving voltage can trigger the bipolar electrode electrochemical reactions by confinement effect. Inspired by this, it is the first to combine the SiO2/CNTs structural color coding scheme with low-drive voltage induced wireless BPE-ECL imaging based on the confinement effect of microchannels to achieve simultaneous immune detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers (CA125, CEA, AFP). The detection limits of successfully constructed high-throughput BPE-ECL biosensor for AFP, CEA, and CA125 are 0.72 ng/mL, 0.95 ng/mL, and 1.03 U/mL, respectively, and have good stability and specificity, which expands the application of electrochemiluminescence and lays a foundation for the development of electrochemiluminescence coding technology.
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Antígeno Ca-125 , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Humanos , Antígeno Ca-125/análisis , Técnicas Biosensibles , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/análisis , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Tecnología Inalámbrica , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisis , Femenino , Color , Electrodos , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is widely recognized as the most lethal gynecological malignancy; however, its early-stage detection remains a considerable clinical challenge. To address this, we have introduced a new method, named Comprehensive Serum Glycopeptide Spectral Analysis (CSGSA), which detects early-stage cancer by combining glycan alterations in serum glycoproteins with tumor markers. We detected 1712 glycopeptides using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from the sera obtained from 564 patients with EOC and 1149 controls across 13 institutions. Furthermore, we used a convolutional neural network to analyze the expression patterns of the glycopeptides and tumor markers. Using this approach, we successfully differentiated early-stage EOC (Stage I) from non-EOC, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.924 in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. This method markedly outperforms conventional tumor markers, including cancer antigen 125 (CA125, 0.842) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4, 0.717). Notably, our method exhibited remarkable efficacy in differentiating early-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma from endometrioma, achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.808, outperforming CA125 (0.538) and HE4 (0.557). Our study presents a promising breakthrough in the early detection of EOC through the innovative CSGSA method. The integration of glycan alterations with cancer-related tumor markers has demonstrated exceptional diagnostic potential.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario , Glicopéptidos , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Femenino , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/sangre , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Glicopéptidos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Curva ROC , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Adulto , Anciano , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Proteína 2 de Dominio del Núcleo de Cuatro Disulfuros WAP/análisis , Proteína 2 de Dominio del Núcleo de Cuatro Disulfuros WAP/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy; however, there is no useful blood diagnostic biomarker. This study aimed to determine the utility of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a biomarker of ovarian cancer, as a diagnostic marker for endometrial cancer. METHODS: We examined serum TFPI2 levels in patients with endometrial cancer (n = 328) compared to those in healthy controls (n = 65) and evaluated the performance of serum TFPI2 levels as a diagnostic marker. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with TFPI2-negative and TFPI2-positive endometrial cancer. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we examined TFPI2 expression in tumor tissues of 105 patients with type II endometrial carcinoma and evaluated the correlation between serum and tissue TFPI2 positivity. RESULTS: Patients with endometrial cancer had significantly higher serum TFPI2 levels than controls (196.7 pg/mL vs. 83.3 pg/mL; p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity were 54.3% and 95.4%, respectively (cutoff value, 191 pg/mL). Serum TFPI2 levels were significantly elevated along with the stage progression (stage I, 189.6 pg/mL; stage III, 230.9 pg/mL; stage IV, 312.5 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Patients with high-risk histology showed significantly elevated serum TFPI2 levels than those with low-risk histology (220.8 pg/mL vs. 187.7 pg/mL; p < 0.001). The positivity rate for TFPI2 was the highest among tumor markers, including CA125, CA19-9, and CEA. Serum TFPI2 and CA125 levels were almost independent (r = 0.203, p < 0.001), and the combined sensitivity increased to 58.8%. The 5-year survival rate was significantly worse in TFPI2-positive patients (≥ 191 pg/mL, n = 178) than in TFPI2-negative patients (< 191 pg/mL, n = 150) (hazard ratio, 8.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.49-27.1; p < 0.001). TFPI2 immunostaining revealed that 37.1% (39/105) of the samples were positive for TFPI2, with an IHC score of > 0. There was no significant difference in the immunostaining score according to histological type. Serum TFPI2 levels and immunostaining score showed poor agreement (kappa coefficient, -0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The serum TFPI2 level is a promising marker for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of endometrial cancer. No correlation exists between serum and tissue TFPI2 levels. Further multicenter clinical trials are needed to test the utility of TFPI2 as a diagnostic marker.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Endometriales , Glicoproteínas , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Endometriales/sangre , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glicoproteínas/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Adulto , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , InmunohistoquímicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Interval debulking surgery (IDS) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a treatment option for advanced ovarian cancer. Optimal surgery is required for better survival; however, while peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) has been identified as a prognostic factor, its comprehensive assessment during IDS remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate PWC efficacy during IDS, alongside other factors including residual disease and the modeled cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) ELIMination rate constant K (KELIM), by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of 25 patients with advanced ovarian cancer underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and IDS between January 2017 to June 2023. RESULTS: Twelve (48.0%) patients were PWC-positive, and the remainder were PWC-negative. PWC was performed at laparotomy during IDS, after which five (41.7%) PWC-positive and four (30.8%) PWC-negative patients received bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, for maintenance treatment. Four (33.3%) PWC-positive and 10 (76.9%) PWC-negative patients received poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors. In patients who received bevacizumab and poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, overall survival and progression-free survival did not significantly differ between those who were PWC-positive and PWC-negative (p = 0.27 and 0.20, respectively). Progression-free survival significantly differed between those with favorable and unfavorable CA-125 KELIM (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis indicated that optimal surgery and favorable CA-125 KELIM were associated with better progression-free survival (p < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), with only optimal surgery associated with better overall survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: A positive PWC at IDS was not associated with survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Our findings indicate that although PWC status at IDS should be one of the factors determining survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, recent improvements in maintenance therapy may make the combination of CA-125 KELIM and PWC status a more useful prognostic factor in selecting treatment after IDS. Further studies are needed to validate these results, highlighting the potential importance of maintenance treatment after IDS and the need for further research to validate the clinical significance of a positive PWC.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Anciano , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antígeno Ca-125/metabolismo , Lavado Peritoneal/métodos , CitologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: CA-125 testing is a recommended first line investigation for women presenting with possible symptoms of ovarian cancer in English primary care, to help determine whether further investigation for ovarian cancer is needed. It is currently not known how well the CA-125 test performs in ovarian cancer detection for patients from different ethnic groups. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study utilising English primary care data linked to the national cancer registry was undertaken. Women aged ≥ 40 years with a CA-125 test between 2010 and 2017 were included. Logistic regression predicted one-year ovarian cancer incidence by ethnicity, adjusting for age, deprivation status, and comorbidity score. The estimated incidence of ovarian cancer by CA-125 level was modelled for each ethnic group using restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of CA-125 differed for women from different ethnicities. In an unadjusted analysis, predicted CA-125 levels for Asian and Black women were higher than White women at corresponding probabilities of ovarian cancer. The higher PPVs for White women compared to Asian or Black women were eliminated by inclusion of covariates. CONCLUSION: The introduction of ethnicity-specific thresholds may increase the specificity and PPVs of CA-125 in ovarian cancer detection at the expense of sensitivity, particularly for Asian and Black women. As such, we cannot recommend the use of ethnicity-specific thresholds for CA-125.
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Antígeno Ca-125 , Etnicidad , Neoplasias Ováricas , Atención Primaria de Salud , Humanos , Femenino , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/etnología , Neoplasias Ováricas/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Cohortes , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Indirect methods for reference interval (RI) estimation, which use data acquired from routine pathology testing, have the potential to accelerate the establishment of RIs to account for variables such as gender and age to improve clinical assessments. However, they require more sophisticated methods of analysis due to the potential influence of pathological patients in raw clinical datasets. In this paper we develop a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on synthetic data to identify underlying healthy distributions within pathological admixtures. We present both the methodology to generate synthetic data and the CNN model. We evaluate the CNN using two synthetic test datasets, including samples from a proposed benchmark for indirect methods (RIBench) and show significant improvements compared to the reported state-of-the-art method based on the benchmark (refineR). We also demonstrate a real-world application of the model, estimating age-specific RIs for cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), a crucial biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnostics. Our results show that CA-125 RIs are strongly age-dependent, which could have important diagnostic consequences.
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Antígeno Ca-125 , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Anciano , Adulto , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Masculino , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To provide a method for the differential diagnosis of Robert's uterus with adenomyosis, a rare uterine malformation, and determine the best course of treatment. METHODS: A patient who had Robert's uterus with adenomyosis was admitted to our hospital in December 2022. We analyzed and summarized her case . RESULTS: Our patient complained of progressively worsening primary dysmenorrhea over the course of 3 years and lower abdominal pain lasting for 2 days. Her carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) level was 372.10 U/mL. Examinations conducted by several hospitals indicated that she had a single-horned uterus and a residual horned uterus, and our hospital's examination identified Robert's uterus. This malformation was corrected by open abdominal surgery. For the procedure, pelvic adhesions were first isolated, after which the closed uterine cavity and adenomyosis were resected. Subsequently, the left ovarian endometriosis cyst was resected and right tubal ligation was performed. After surgery, three injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone A (GnRH-A) were administered, which lowered the patient's CA125 level to 14 U/mL and normalized her condition. CONCLUSION: We pioneered a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of Robert's uterus with adenomyosis. Some valuable references are provided for clinical practice.
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Adenomiosis , Útero , Humanos , Femenino , Adenomiosis/cirugía , Adenomiosis/complicaciones , Adenomiosis/diagnóstico , Útero/anomalías , Útero/cirugía , Adulto , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Anomalías Urogenitales/cirugía , Anomalías Urogenitales/diagnóstico , Anomalías Urogenitales/complicaciones , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/análogos & derivados , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/uso terapéutico , Dismenorrea/etiología , Endometriosis/cirugía , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer in the developed world. Most cases are diagnosed at late stage III-IV with a very low 5-year overall survival rate. Several studies revealed an elevated risk of OC in users of hormone treatment (HT) compared with non-users. The extended duration of HT is a statistically significant risk factor. Carbohydrate antigen or cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) remains the best screening tool for OC; however, its value is limited due to low specificity, leading to unnecessary interventions, surgeries, and psychological harm. Additionally, the variability of ultrasound interpretation highlights the urgent need to develop a univariate index with higher sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of OC in women under HT. Herein we critically review the limitations of biomarkers for the detection of OC aiming to suggest an accurate and cost-effective diagnostic ratio that eliminates the impact of body mass index, age, HT, smoking, and benign ovarian diseases on measurements. Numerous studies combine biomarkers such as CA-125, human epididymis protein 4, and thymidine kinase 1 into diagnostic algorithms. Data suggest that the expression of estrogen receptors may have diagnostic and prognostic value, as the estrogen receptor α (ERα):estrogen receptor ß (ERß) ratio is significantly higher in OC than in normal tissue due to ERß downregulation. A high positive correlation between expression of CA-125 and carbohydrate antigen or cancer antigen 72 - 4 (CA72-4) with ERα and ERß, respectively, poses that a novel ratio CA-125:CA72-4 could be nodal for monitoring post-menopausal women under HT.
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Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Antígeno Ca-125 , Neoplasias Ováricas , Posmenopausia , Humanos , Femenino , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores/sangre , Análisis Costo-BeneficioRESUMEN
Chronic malnutrition, abnormal blood clotting, and systemic inflammation contribute to the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of the 100fibrinogen-to-prealbumin ratio (FPR), 100fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), 100C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and 100C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio (CPR) in aiding the diagnosis of colon cancer. A total of 129 patients with colon cancer were enrolled between April 2015 and August 2022. While 129 patients with colon adenoma were selected as the control group. The serum levels of FAR, FPR, CAR, CPR, CEA, and CA125 in the colon cancer group were significantly higher than those in the colon adenoma group (Pâ <â .05). In Logistic regression analysis, high FAR and high FPR were identified as independent risk factors for colon cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results showed that Among the combined measures, FAR, FPR, CAR, and CPR had the highest diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing colon cancer from colon adenomas (AUCâ =â 0.886, Senâ =â 80.62%, Speâ =â 81.40%). Thus, FAR, FPR, CAR, and CPR may serve as valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon cancer, and the combined detection of FAR, FPR, CAR, and CPR can enhance the diagnostic efficiency for both colon cancer and colon adenoma.
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Proteína C-Reactiva , Neoplasias del Colon , Fibrinógeno , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/sangre , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Anciano , Fibrinógeno/análisis , Curva ROC , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Adulto , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Albúminas/análisis , Albúminas/metabolismo , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Preoperative prediction of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of preoperative amide proton transfer (APT) imaging combined with serum CA125 levels for predicting LVSI in cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 80 patients with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, including APT imaging. Serum CA125 levels were measured using a fully automated immunoassay analyzer and chemiluminescence method. The presence of LVSI was determined based on the pathological results after surgery. RESULTS: Among the 40 patients who met the requirements, 29 had postoperative pathological confirmation of LVSI, while 11 did not. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of preoperative APT and CA125 levels predicting LVSI were 0.889 and 0.687, respectively. When the APT value was 2.9%, the corresponding Youden index was the highest (0.702), with a sensitivity of 79.3% and specificity of 90.9%. When the critical value of the preoperative serum CA15 level was 25.3â u/mL, the corresponding Youden index was the highest (0.508), with a sensitivity of 69.0% and a specificity of 81.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative APT imaging combined with serum CA125 in predicting LVSI were 82.7% and 100%, respectively, with a Youden's index of 0.828 and an AUC of 0.923. CONCLUSION: The combination of preoperative APT imaging and serum CA125 levels is valuable for predicting LVSI in cervical cancer. Diagnostic efficacy is highest when the APT value is >2.9% and the serum CA125 level is >25.3â u/mL.
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Antígeno Ca-125 , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/sangre , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/cirugía , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Adulto , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Anciano , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Metástasis Linfática/diagnóstico por imagen , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Amidas , Protones , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangreRESUMEN
Pseudo-Meigs syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by hydrothorax and ascites associated with pelvic masses, and patients occasionally present with elevated serum cancer antigen-125 (CA125) levels. Hydropic leiomyoma (HLM) is an uncommon subtype of uterine leiomyoma characterized by hydropic degeneration and secondary cystic changes. Rapidly enlarging HLMs accompanied by hydrothorax, ascites, and elevated CA125 levels may be misdiagnosed as malignant tumors. Here, we report a case of HLM in a 45-year-old Chinese woman who presented with ascites and hydrothorax. Preoperative abdominopelvic CT revealed a giant solid mass in the fundus uteri measuring 20 × 15 × 12 cm. Her serum CA125 level was elevated to 247.7 U/ml, while her hydrothorax CA125 level was 304.60 U/ml. The patient was initially diagnosed with uterine malignancy and underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and adhesiolysis. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of a uterine hydropic leiomyoma with cystic changes. After tumor removal, the ascites and hydrothorax subsided quickly, with no evidence of recurrence. The patient's serum CA125 level decreased to 116.90 U/mL on Day 7 and 5.6 U/mL on Day 40 postsurgery. Follow-up data were obtained at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery, and no recurrence of ascites or hydrothorax was observed. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of HLM to achieve successful outcomes.
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Antígeno Ca-125 , Leiomioma , Síndrome de Meigs , Neoplasias Ováricas , Neoplasias Uterinas , Humanos , Femenino , Leiomioma/diagnóstico , Leiomioma/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Síndrome de Meigs/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Uterinas/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Ascitis/etiología , Ascitis/diagnóstico , Hidrotórax/etiología , Hidrotórax/diagnóstico , Histerectomía , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Oral metronomic cyclophosphamide (OMC) implicates the daily administration of low doses of chemotherapy. Its antitumor activity combined with an oral administration route and a good toxicity profile makes OMC an attractive option for heavily pretreated patients. We retrospectively evaluated OMC's clinical benefit and objective response in recurrent ovarian cancer patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study involving patients treated with OMC (50 mg daily) from 2017 to 2022 at the Academic Division Gynaecology, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy. Clinical benefit assessment included CA125 response, radiological response, and reported symptomatic improvement. Toxicities were reported using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (average age 72, range 49-88) were included. 90% had FIGO stage III/IV at diagnosis and 64% underwent ≥ 3 previous lines of chemotherapy. Before OMC, 79% had ECOG 1 or 2. 8.6% of patients had a partial response (PR), and 40% a stable disease (SD). Median duration of response was 7.4 months. After 3 months on OMC, 51% experienced symptom improvement, and 53.3% experienced Ca125 reduction or stabilization. 66.7% of patients older than 75 responded to treatment; in 40% of cases, responses lasted ≥ 6 months (p = 0.08). No G3-4 hematological toxicities occurred. Nausea and fatigue G1-G2 were reported in 5 (13%) and 13 (34%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: OMC is a feasible therapeutic option for recurrent ovarian cancer, providing satisfying clinical responses with a good toxicity profile, even in elderly and heavily pretreated patients with a suboptimal performance status.
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Administración Metronómica , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario , Ciclofosfamida , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Femenino , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efectos adversos , Administración Oral , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to demonstrate the sensitivity of frozen section for patients with adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) and analyze the clinico-pathological factors that may be associated with sensitivity. MATERIAL METHODS: This is a multicenter study including data of 10 Gynecological Oncology Departments. Frozen-section results of patients who had ovarian AGCT at the final pathology report were retrospectively analyzed. The relation between clinico-pathological characteristics such as age, tumor size, Ca-125 level, presence of ascites, omental metastasis, menopausal status and peritoneal cytology, and the sensitivity of frozen section in patients with AGCT were evaluated. The sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis was determined by comparing the frozen section result with the final pathological diagnosis. RESULTS: Frozen section results of 274 patients with AGCT were obtained. The median age of the patients was 52 years (range, 17-82 years). Totally, 144 (52.7%, n = 273) patients were postmenopausal. The median tumour size was 90 mm (range, 9-700 mm). The median preoperative Ca-125 level was 23 IU/mL (range, 2-995 IU/mL). The sensitivity of frozen section for detecting AGCT was 76.3%. Any association between the sensitivity of frozen section and menopausal status, presence of ascites, positive cytology, omental metastasis, tumor size, Ca-125 level, age could not be shown. CONCLUSION: It is important to know the diagnosis of AGCT intraoperatively, and we demonstrated the sensitivity of frozen-section for these tumors as 76.3%.